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Gene Dmel\trio

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\trio	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	trio	Annotation symbol	CG18214
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0024277
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	26 publicly available
Also Known As	DTrio
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	61E1-61E2	Sequence location	3L:995,982..1,034,875 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene trio is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\trio (CG18214, FBgn0024277). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; biological regulation; system development; regulation of developmental process; neuron differentiation; response to organic substance; GO:0048676; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; cell fate commitment. 86 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; peripheral nervous system; adult segment; external compound sense organ; multicellular structure; eo support cell; FBbt:00003689; FBbt:00003692; embryonic/larval neuron; non-connected developing system. It has 6 annotated transcripts and 6 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: CRAL-TRIO domain; Dbl homology (DH) domain; Guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulator, CDC24, conserved site; Pleckstrin homology domain; Pleckstrin homology-like domain; Spectrin repeat; Spectrin/alpha-actinin; Src homology-3 domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1635047_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 5 of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of trio. Gene sequence location is 3L:995982..1034875.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03	Controlled Vocabulary Terms axon extension
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 61E1-61E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0596705967 and P{PZ}l(3)0264002640
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 61E1-61F2     (Liebl, 1999.12.15) 61E-61E     (Newsome, 1999.12.12) 61F8-61F8   (determined by in situ hybridisation) 61E (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-) 61E-61E   (determined by in situ hybridisation) 61F8 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 61F1--2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Deak et al., 1997)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Hill et al., 1995)
Left of (cM)	h (Hill et al., 1995)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\trio for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. DGC clone GH01987 appears problematic: incomplete CDS. DGC does not match predicted CDS
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) trio-RA FBtr0072644  NM_143703   9245   2263 trio-RB FBtr0072647  NM_167849   4187   658 trio-RC FBtr0072645  NM_167847   9510   2263 trio-RD FBtr0072646  NM_167848   4904   804 trio-RE FBtr0072648  NM_167850   3466   398 trio-RF FBtr0072649  NM_206228   2959   658
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	8.0 (northern blot) (Newsome et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein trio-PA   FBpp0072539   257.0   2263   6.56     NP_651960   AAF47436 trio-PB   FBpp0072542   73.4   658   8.36     NP_728562   AAF47435 trio-PC   FBpp0072540   257.0   2263   6.56     NP_728560   AAN11455 trio-PD   FBpp0072541   88.0   804   7.83     NP_728561   AAN11456 trio-PE   FBpp0072543   45.5   398   7.31     NP_728563   AAN11457 trio-PF   FBpp0089283   73.4   658   8.36     NP_995950   AAS64926
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	2263 (aa) (Awasaki et al., 2000, Newsome et al., 2000)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Spectrin/alpha-actinin (IPR018159) Dbl homology (DH) domain (IPR000219) CRAL-TRIO domain (IPR001251) Src homology-3 domain (IPR001452) Pleckstrin homology domain (IPR001849) Spectrin repeat (IPR002017) Pleckstrin homology-like domain (IPR011993) Guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulator, CDC24, conserved site (IPR001331)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA540364   AA941035   AA949903   AA979666   AE014296 AAF47435   AE014296 AAF47436   AE014296 AAN11455   AE014296 AAN11456   AE014296 AAN11457   AE014296 AAS64926   AB035419 BAA96093   AF215635 AAF25952   AF216663 AAF32293   AI062696   AI063556   AI294848   AI297590   AI456813   AI514879   AI532697   AI542365   AI542711   AI542984   AI543003   AI543491   AI543740   AI945891   AW940073   AW944565   AY070715 AAL48186   BF499601   BG632104   BG638362   BG638526   BG638733   BG639397   BH900896   BI575353   BI576117   BI585124   BI604974   BI606756   BI632633   BI633265   BI633657   BI635760   BI639306   BT001377 AAN71132   BT099572   BT099789   BT133236   CK657437   CL610238   CO154048   CO154857   CO154963   CO196638   CO265381   CO266436   CO269429   CO272450   CO280472   CO284859   CO285878   CO289437   CO295604   CO296125   CO305122   CO309839   CO314587   CO317381   CO321285   CO325111   CO329318   CO330052   CO333296   CO335836   CO339352   CO341539   CO343815   CZ467182   CZ471224   CZ485699   EC060866   EC068366   EC069920   EC071266   EC083282   EC083950   EC084791   EC087443   EC202532   EC205370   EC205820   EC207694   EC212858   EC216269   EC223883   EC244636   EC244882   EC247610   EC249939   EC254750   EC255015   EC261953   EC262876   EC263733   EC264128   EL875225   EL875354   EL879016   EL884079   EL884197   EV579336
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q7KVD1 Q7YZA0 Q8IRI4 Q8IRI5 Q7KY09 Q8IH76 Q9W0L0 Q8T987
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
expression microarray Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   adult mushroom body   (Kobayashi et al., 2006) in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | ubiquitous   (Liebl et al., 2000) Comment:maternal contribution embryonic stage 1 -- 5   organism | ubiquitous & uniform   (Bateman et al., 2000) Comment:maternally supplied embryonic stage 7 -- 9   mesoderm   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 10 -- 13   embryonic neuroblast | segmentally repeated   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 10 -- 16   presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 13   embryonic/larval gut   (Bateman et al., 2000) embryonic stage 11 -- 16   embryonic/larval central nervous system   (Bateman et al., 2000) embryonic stage 13   embryonic epidermis | segment boundary   (Bateman et al., 2000) muscle attachment site   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 14   ventral nerve cord   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 14 -- 15   embryonic leading edge cell   (Liebl et al., 2000) embryonic stage 16   embryonic/larval gut | surrounding   (Liebl et al., 2000) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   organism   (Bateman et al., 2000) Comment:stronger expression 0-12 hr AEL
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   commissure   (Awasaki et al., 2000) longitudinal connective   (Awasaki et al., 2000) epidermis   (Awasaki et al., 2000) muscle attachment site   (Awasaki et al., 2000) embryonic stage 12 -- 17   neuron   • axon (Awasaki et al., 2000) larval stage   mushroom body gamma-lobe   (Awasaki et al., 2000) larval stage & pupal stage   mushroom body   (Awasaki et al., 2000) larval stage & adult stage   mushroom body calyx   (Awasaki et al., 2000) third instar larval stage   eye disc   (Newsome et al., 2000) neuron   • growth cone (Newsome et al., 2000) neuron   • axon (Newsome et al., 2000) mushroom body calyx   (Takaesu et al., 2012) Kenyon cell   • plasma membrane (Takaesu et al., 2012) adult stage   neuron   (Awasaki et al., 2000) lamina   (Awasaki et al., 2000) adult brain   (Awasaki et al., 2000) ellipsoid body   (Awasaki et al., 2000) adult mushroom body   (Awasaki et al., 2000) adult mushroom body beta'-lobe   (Krashes et al., 2007, Takaesu et al., 2012, Awasaki et al., 2000) adult mushroom body gamma-lobe   (Takaesu et al., 2012) adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe   (Takaesu et al., 2012, Awasaki et al., 2000, Krashes et al., 2007) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male   spermatozoon   (Wasbrough et al., 2010)
Additional Descriptive Data
	trio protein is distributed in a patched pattern in the axons and cell bodies. The patches are in many cases associated with clusters of vesicles in the axoplasm. In the lamina, trio protein is found in the dendritic terminals that contact or intrude into the photoreceptor cells. (Awasaki et al., 2000) trio protein is localized at or near the plasma membrane. (Newsome et al., 2000)
Marker for
	mushroom body alpha'-lobe mushroom body beta'-lobe
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Newsome et al., 2000)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain    1639.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain  (1639.6) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (984.2) Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain  (1639.6) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain    1639.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain    1639.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain  (1639.6) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (984.2) Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain  1639.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    539.15 Larval Midgut    33.1 Larval Hindgut    14.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    13.6 Larval Fat Body    1.5 Larval Salivary Gland    49.4 Larval Trachea    11.525 Larval Carcass    22.8 Adult Head    292.5 Adult Eye    274.25 Adult Brain    1639.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2 Adult Crop    25 Adult Midgut    28 Adult Hindgut    19 Adult Malpighian Tubules    18.6 Adult Fat Body    1.8 Adult Salivary Gland    7.4 Adult Heart    6.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1 Adult Ovary    2.4 Adult Testis    1.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    2.7 Adult Carcass    23.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    292.5   NA  Eye    274.25   NA  Brain    1639.6   539.15  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    984.2   NA  Crop    no informative data   33.1  Midgut    28   no informative data  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   1.5  Fat Body    1.8   49.4  Salivary Gland    7.4   NA  Heart    6.025   no informative data  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    9.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    6.1   NA  Ovary    2.4   NA  Testis    1.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    2.7   no informative data  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3  26 central nervous system, pupae P8  (32) head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (39) head, mated 4-day male  (36) head, mated 20-day male  (32) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3  26 central nervous system, pupae P8  32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male  (39) head, mated 4-day male  (36) head, mated 20-day male  32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    18 central nervous system, larvae L3    26 central nervous system, pupae P8    32 head, virgin 1-day female    25 head, virgin 4-day female    22 head, virgin 20-day female    16 head, mated 1-day female    20 head, mated 4-day female    19 head, mated 20-day female    15 head, mated 1-day male    39 head, mated 4-day male    36 head, mated 20-day male    32 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    19 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    9 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    11 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    5 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    16 carcass, 1-day adult    7 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    6 ovary, virgin 4-day female    14 ovary, mated 4-day female    13 testis, mated 4-day male    3 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr  (27) embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr  (29) embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr  (28) embryo 22-24hr  (28) larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr  26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr  27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr  26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr  29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr  28 embryo 22-24hr  28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr  26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    21 embryo 02-04hr    27 embryo 04-06hr    24 embryo 06-08hr    25 embryo 08-10hr    26 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    29 embryo 14-16hr    25 embryo 16-18hr    22 embryo 18-20hr    17 embryo 20-22hr    28 embryo 22-24hr    28 larva L1    14 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    7 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    6 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    16 white prepupae new    20 white prepupae 12hr    26 white prepupae 24hr    24 pupae 2d postWPP    17 pupae 3d postWPP    11 pupae 4d postWPP    17 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    13 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    15 adult female 30day    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (46) Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2  (50) embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2  (35) wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9  (32) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (48) wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (29) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (29) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (81) ovary fGS/OSS  26 ovary OSC  (28) ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (46) Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2  (50) embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2  (35) wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9  32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (48) wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  29 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (81) ovary fGS/OSS  26 ovary OSC  28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    46 Schneider line 2 Sg4    17 embryonic 1182-4H    22 embryonic GM2    50 embryonic Kc167    23 embryonic S1    19 embryonic S3    17 leg disc CME L1    17 wing disc CME-W2    35 wing disc ML-DmD8    22 wing disc ML-DmD9    32 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    48 wing disc ML-DmD21    16 wing disc ML-DmD32    15 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    29 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    20 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    17 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    29 tumorous blood cells mbn2    81 ovary fGS/OSS    26 ovary OSC    28 ovary OSS    16 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    7 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    9 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    10 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    15 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_27 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024277 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG18214-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trio2D2.1 trio2E2.1 trio2H3.1 trio2J3.1 trio2M3.1 trio2p2.1 trio2S4.2 trio2T2.1 trio2T4.1 trio2T4.2 trio2U4.1 trio2Y1.1 trio2Z4.1 trioBD1.1 trioE4.1 trioL4.1 trioM2.2 trioM4.1 trioO3.1 trioS2.2 trioU1.1 trioV2.1 lethal | larval stage | recessive trioE4.1 lethal | prepupal stage (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioM89 lethal | recessive trio1 trio2 trio2H trio2S1 trio3 trio4 trio5 trio6 trio6A trio7 trio8 trio9 trio15B trioBX1B trioD76 trioS036810 trioS095914 triounspecified partially lethal - majority die (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 partially lethal - majority die | recessive trioS036810 trioS137203 trioS138606 viable trioS036810 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trioGD9531 viable (with trioM89) trioS036810 viable (with trioS036810) trioM89 Sterility Allele sterile trioS036810 Other Phenotypes Allele locomotor behavior defective (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 neuroanatomy defective trioS137203 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC trioScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP trioGD9531 neuroanatomy defective (with Df(3L)Ar12-1) trioS137203 neuroanatomy defective (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioE4.1 trioIMP159.4 neuroanatomy defective (with trio1) trio6A trio123.4 neuroanatomy defective (with trio6A) trio1 trioS137203 neuroanatomy defective (with trio123.4) trio1 neuroanatomy defective (with trioIMP159.4) trioM89 neuroanatomy defective (with trioM89) trioIMP159.4 neuroanatomy defective (with trioS137203) trio6A neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage 17 trio6A neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage (with trio1) trio8 neuroanatomy defective | embryonic stage (with trio8) trio1 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone trioLL00125 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone | third instar larval stage trio8 visible trioGEF1.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa trioScer\UAS.cBa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trioGD9531 visible (with trioM89) trioS036810 visible (with trioS036810) trioM89 visible | recessive trioS137203 trioS138606 wild-type trioBX4 trioGMR.PN trioGMR.T:Hsap\MYC triohs.PA trioQ2078A.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC trioQ2078A.αTub84B.T:Hsap\MYC trioαTub84B.T:Hsap\MYC Phenotype manifest in Allele abdominal segmental nerve trio15B trio2H trio6A trioBX1B trioS137203 trioS138606 adult mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 trioScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC anterior commissure (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioM89 axon | somatic clone | third instar larval stage trio8 chaeta, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trioGD9531 chaeta | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trioGD9531 commissure (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioIMP159.4 commissure (with trioIMP159.4) trioM89 commissure (with trioM89) trioIMP159.4 ellipsoid body (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 ellipsoid body (with trioE4.1) trioS036810 ellipsoid body (with trioS036810) trioE4.1 embryonic/larval central nervous system trioE4.1 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage trioS137203 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)Ar12-1) trioS137203 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with trio1) trio6A embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with trio6A) trio1 trioS137203 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage (with trioS137203) trio6A embryonic central nervous system & axon triounspecified embryonic peripheral nervous system & axon triounspecified embryonic somatic muscle (with trio1) trio8 embryonic somatic muscle (with trio8) trio1 eye trioGEF1.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa trioScer\UAS.cBa eye photoreceptor cell | somatic clone triounspecified intersegmental nerve trio15B trio2H trio6A trioBX1B trioE4.1 trioS137203 trioS138606 intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with trio1) trio123.4 trio8 intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with trio8) trio1 intersegmental nerve branch ISNb of A1-7 (with trio123.4) trio1 longitudinal connective trio15B trio2H trio6A trioBX1B trioE4.1 trioS137203 trioS138606 longitudinal connective (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioE4.1 trioM89 longitudinal connective | embryonic stage 17 trio6A medial branch of mushroom body (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 medial branch of mushroom body (with trioE4.1) trioS036810 medial branch of mushroom body (with trioS036810) trioE4.1 medial branch of mushroom body | somatic clone trioE4.1 medulla, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP trioGD9531 mushroom body, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107 trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC mushroom body (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 mushroom body (with trioE4.1) trioS036810 mushroom body (with trioS036810) trioE4.1 mushroom body | somatic clone trioE4.1 trioLL00125 NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage trioS137203 NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with Df(3L)Ar12-1) trioS137203 NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with trio1) trio6A NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with trio6A) trio1 trioS137203 NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage (with trioS137203) trio6A ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PFa trioScer\UAS.cBa photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC photoreceptor cell & axon trioGEF1.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC photoreceptor cell & axon, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF trioGEF1-GEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC trioGEF1-GEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B photoreceptor cell & axon (with trio1) trioS138606 photoreceptor cell & axon (with trio8) trioS138606 photoreceptor cell & axon (with trioS138606) trio1 trio8 photoreceptor cell & axon | somatic clone trio1 trio8 photoreceptor cell & eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC photoreceptor cell R7, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP trioGD9531 photoreceptor cell R7 & axon | somatic clone trio8 posterior commissure (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioM89 presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system trioE4.1 RP3 motor neuron trioS137203 segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 (with trio1) trio8 segmental nerve branch SNa of A1-7 (with trio8) trio1 trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 trioGD9531 vertical branch of mushroom body (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 vertical branch of mushroom body (with trioE4.1) trioS036810 vertical branch of mushroom body (with trioS036810) trioE4.1 vertical branch of mushroom body | somatic clone trioE4.1 wing trioS137203 trioS138606 wing (with Df(3L)Fpa1) trioS036810 wing (with trioM89) trioS036810 wing (with trioS036810) trioM89
Classical Alleles ( 56 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of trio Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion trioKG06642 P-element activity 2 -- trio1 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes trio6A amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- trioS137203 amorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 1 Yes trio3 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes trio8 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes trioc01456 piggyBac transposase 1 -- trioc04496 1 -- trioc07082 piggyBac transposase 1 -- trioE4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes trioEY09318 P-element activity 1 -- triof03154 piggyBac transposase 1 -- trioL4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- trioLL00125 1 Yes trioMB09917 1 -- trioMI03652 1 -- trioMI04471 1 -- trio123.4 P-element activity 0 -- trio15B ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2D2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2E2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2H3.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2H ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2J3.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2M3.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2p2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2S1 X ray ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2S4.2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2T2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2T4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2T4.2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2U4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2Y1.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio2Z4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes trio5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio6 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio7 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trio9 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioBD1.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioBX1B Delta2-3 0 Yes trioBX4 Delta2-3 0 Yes trioD76 0 -- trioIMP159.4 P-element activity 0 Yes trioM2.2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioM4.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioM89 0 Yes trioO3.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioS036810 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 Yes trioS095914 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 P-element activity 0 -- trioS138606 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes trioS2.2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- trioU1.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- triounspecified 0 -- trioV2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 30 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of trio Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion trioGD9531 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes trioScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes trioGEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 1 Yes trioHMS02690 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trioJF02815 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes trioelav.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioGEF1-GEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioGEF1-GEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioGEF1.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioGEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioGEF1mu.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioGEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioGEF2mu.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioGMR.PN in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioGMR.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes triohs.PA in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioMtnA.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioNIG.18214R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioQ1417A.GEF1.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes trioQ1417A.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioQ1417A.αTub84B.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioQ2078A.GEF2.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC,T:Myr-Src64B in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes trioQ2078A.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioQ2078A.αTub84B.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes trioScer\UAS.cLa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes trioαTub84B.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes trioΔNTD.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes trioΔNTD.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)Ar11 (Saito et al., 2002, Newsome et al., 2000, Brumby et al., 2004) Df(3L)emc-E12 (Liebl et al., 2000, Brumby et al., 2004) Df(3L)Fpa2 (Saito et al., 2002, Wei et al., 2003) Df(3L)R-G5 (Brumby et al., 2004)
Disrupted in	Df(3L)4231 (Wei et al., 2003) Df(3L)Ar12-1 (Bateman et al., 2000, Newsome et al., 2000) Df(3L)Ar14-8 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Brumby et al., 2004) Df(3L)bab-PG (Saito et al., 2002, Awasaki et al., 2000, Bateman et al., 2000) Df(3L)Fpa1 (Saito et al., 2002, Saito et al., 2002, Awasaki et al., 2000, Liebl et al., 2000)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD9531} NA P{NIG.18214R} NA P{TRiP.HMS02690} NA P{TRiP.JF02815} NA P{UAS-trio.B} NA P{UAS-trio.GEF1} NA P{UAS-trio.GEF1-GEF2} NA P{UAS-trio.GEF1mu} NA P{UAS-trio.GEF2} NA P{UAS-trio.GEF2mu} NA P{UAS-trio.L} NA P{UAS-trio.myrGEF1.Q1417A} NA P{UAS-trio.myrGEF1} NA P{UAS-trio.myrGEF1-GEF2} NA P{UAS-trio.myrGEF2.Q2078A} NA P{UAS-trio.myrGEF2} NA P{UAS-trio.N} NA P{UAS-trio.ΔNTD} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-trio.A} NA characterization construct P{elav-trio.myc} NA P{GMR-trio.GEF1} NA P{GMR-trio.myc} NA P{GMR-trio.N} NA P{GMR-trio.Q1417A} NA P{GMR-trio.Q2078A} NA P{GMR-trio.ΔNTD} NA P{αTub84B-trio.myc} NA P{αTub84B-trio.Q1417A} NA P{αTub84B-trio.Q2078A} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}trioEY09318 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}trioMI03652 NA Mi{MIC}trioMI04471 NA P{SUPor-P}trioKG06642 NA PBac{PB}trioc01456 NA PBac{PB}trioc04496 NA PBac{PB}trioc07082 NA PBac{SAstopDsRed}trioLL00125 NA PBac{WH}triof03154 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}trioS036810 No P{lacW}trioS095914 No P{lacW}trioS137203 No P{lacW}trioS138606 No insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}trioMB09917 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with human TRIO (Newsome et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin cytoskeleton organization inferred from direct assay (Newsome et al., 2000) inferred from expression pattern (Liebl et al., 2000) axon extension inferred from mutant phenotype (Berger et al., 2008) axon guidance inferred from genetic interaction with Abl AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Liebl et al., 2000) inferred from genetic interaction with Lar AND inferred from genetic interaction with Rac1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Bateman et al., 2000) inferred from mutant phenotype (Newsome et al., 2000) axon target recognition inferred from genetic interaction with Liprin-α (Astigarraga et al., 2010) central nervous system development inferred from genetic interaction with Abl AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Liebl et al., 2000) inferred from mutant phenotype (Bateman et al., 2000, Saito et al., 2002) imaginal disc-derived leg morphogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Greenberg and Hatini, 2011) lateral inhibition inferred from mutant phenotype (Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009) mushroom body development inferred from mutant phenotype (Schuldiner et al., 2008) peripheral nervous system development inferred from genetic interaction with Lar AND inferred from genetic interaction with Rac1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Bateman et al., 2000) positive regulation of synaptic growth at neuromuscular junction inferred from mutant phenotype (Ball et al., 2010) regulation of axonogenesis inferred from genetic interaction with LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) response to BMP stimulus inferred from genetic interaction with Mad (Ball et al., 2010) Rho protein signal transduction inferred from direct assay (Newsome et al., 2000)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Newsome et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
phospholipid binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001849 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity non-traceable author statement (Newsome, 1999.12.12, Liebl, 1999.12.15)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon guidance traceable author statement (Bateman and Van Vactor, 2001) regulation of Rho protein signal transduction inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000219 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
intracellular inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000219 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions trio allele Gene References trio1 Lar (Maurel-Zaffran et al., 2001) LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) Pak (Newsome et al., 2000) trio2H Rac1 (Bateman et al., 2000) trio3 LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) trio4 dock (Newsome et al., 2000) trio8 dock (Newsome et al., 2000) Pak (Newsome et al., 2000) trioGEF1.GMR.T:Hsap\MYC Mtl (Newsome et al., 2000) Rac1 (Newsome et al., 2000, Hakeda-Suzuki et al., 2002) Rac2 (Hakeda-Suzuki et al., 2002) trioGMR.PN Lar (Maurel-Zaffran et al., 2001) trioM89 Abl (Liebl et al., 2000) CycE (Brumby et al., 2004) ena (Liebl et al., 2000) fax (Liebl et al., 2000) trioS036810 Abl (Liebl et al., 2000) fax (Liebl et al., 2000) trioS137203 Lar (Bateman et al., 2000) plexB (Hu et al., 2001) trioS138606 Lar (Bateman et al., 2000) Pak (Newsome et al., 2000) trioScer\UAS.cBa Rac1 (Bateman et al., 2000, Geisbrecht and Montell, 2004) trioScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC LIMK1 (Ng and Luo, 2004) unspecified fra (Forsthoefel et al., 2005) Mtl (Dietzl et al., 2000) Nrt (Liebl et al., 2000)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68751 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0024277 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43974
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (61) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG66DMN1 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG60CHQW Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6JQ2SC Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG69ZW42 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG60911Z
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG66DMN1)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\trio     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD13500     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM14242     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG14629     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE20987     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10082 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA28275 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA28848     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL16679     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK16864 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ12701     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI12715 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH15671 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG60CHQW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL001384   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP006107   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ002251
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6JQ2SC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB45812   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG019874   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007849   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP11575   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP11570   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17463   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO17464   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL17587   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22499   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB21554   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23087   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI001167   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI080665   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA012251   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA012252   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM149600   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC003063
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG69ZW42)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\rbcL   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW021530
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG60911Z)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\unc-73   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_018752gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_019189gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_022793gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_019190gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\trio   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\si:dkey-275m12.1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000030766   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\arhgef25b   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\trio   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\kalrnb   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\arhgef25   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\ENSXETG00000027283   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\kalrn   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\trio   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\KALRN   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\TRIO   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Kalrn   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Arhgef25   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Trio   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Geft   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Trio   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Kalrn   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\KALRN   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ARHGEF25   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\TRIO
Human Orthologs (3)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\KALRN     Hsap\ARHGEF25     Hsap\TRIO
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD13501 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM14245 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG14630 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE20988 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10082 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA28275 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL16680 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK16864 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ12704 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI12715 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH15671
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 26 )
Bloomington	9513 w*; P{UAS-trio.B}2B 9512 P{UAS-trio.B}1B, y1 w* 9134 y1 w*; P{UAS-trio.GEF2}3 29073 w1118; Mi{ET1}trioMB09917 27732 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02815}attP2 9132 y1 w*; P{UAS-trio.GEF1}2/CyO
Harvard	- PBac{PB}trioc01456 - PBac{PB}trioc04496 - PBac{PB}trioc07082 - PBac{WH}triof03154
VDRC	v40138 w1118; P{GD9531}v40138 v40137 w1118; P{GD9531}v40137/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR02N23 BACR27E18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 91 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH01987 LP19492 RH29645 SD08659
Other clones	FI18839
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT14193 GH03429 LD19830 LD36950 LD41316 LP11923 LP23735 RH24668 RH30913 RH32620 RH70482 RH73558 SD04286 SD09154 SD09525 SD09561 SD10261 SD10628 SD21857 SD26460 SD27310 SD27796
Other clones	8568 15446 29613 31954 35411 40474 67562 77732 80263 97166 105299 163502 191868 214439.33 214511.30 281425 523079 524189 524286 542782 bs18a07 CK01.1C.E5 CK01.2B.F7 CK01.78C.E12 CK01.90C.A10 CK01.124B.D1 Dmel_dig_008929_0672_0704 EK007016 EK061052 EK071035 EK094513 EK107222 EK142523 EK146423 EK154140 EK167060 EK195622 EK210928 EK212756 EK219453 EK237101 EK247503 EK267859 EK290634 EK292606 EK294433 EK306422 EN03355 EN04930 EN05116 EN11322 EP01652 EP12634 EP18116 IP08929 IP15242 IP15342 IP15442 IP15542 LD23489 LD28463 LD34378 LP08317 SD17222
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0024277 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43974
Antibody Information
	monoclonal, polyclonal (Awasaki et al., 2000) polyclonal (Newsome et al., 2000)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: trio BEST:LD36950 (Rana, 2004.7.8) Source for merge of: Trio CG9208 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: trio CG18214 (Manning, 2001.3.20) Source for merge of: trio l(3)S036810 l(3)S095914 (Newsome et al., 2000) Source for merge of: Trio l(3)S036810 M89 (Liebl et al., 2000)
Additional comments	Source for merge of Trio CG9208 was sequence comparison (date:000525). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation. (Rogers et al., 2003) trio is essential in order for neurites to faithfully extend on the correct pathways. It may also play a postdevelopmental role in neurite terminals. (Awasaki et al., 2000) Mutants deficient in trio activity display defects in both central and peripheral axon pathways reminiscent of phenotypes observed in embryos deficient in small GTPase function. (Bateman et al., 2000) trio and Abl co-operate in regulating axon outgrowth in the embryonic central nervous system. (Liebl et al., 2000) trio is required for normal photoreceptor axon guidance. (Newsome et al., 2000) Isolated on the basis of sequence similarity to human Trio. (Bateman et al., 1998) Haploinsufficiency dependent upon an Abl mutant background (HDA). (Hill et al., 1995)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_143703 NM_167847 NM_167848 NM_167849 NM_167850 NM_206228 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_651960 NP_728560 NP_728561 NP_728562 NP_728563 NP_995950 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA540364 AA949903 AA979666 AAF25952 AAF32293 AAF47435 AAF47436 AAL48186 AAN11455 AAN11456 AAN11457 AAN71132 AAS64926 AB035419 AF215635 AF216663 AI062696 AI456813 AI514879 AI542365 AW940073 AW944565 AY070715 BAA96093 BG638526 BG638733 BH900896 BT001377 CL610238 CZ467182 CZ471224 CZ485699 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 43974 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q7KVD1 Q7KY09 Q7YZA0 Q8IH76 Q8IRI4 Q8IRI5 Q8T987 Q9W0L0
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Spectrin/alpha-actinin (IPR018159) Dbl homology (DH) domain (IPR000219) CRAL-TRIO domain (IPR001251) Src homology-3 domain (IPR001452) Pleckstrin homology domain (IPR001849) Spectrin repeat (IPR002017) Pleckstrin homology-like domain (IPR011993) Guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulator, CDC24, conserved site (IPR001331)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 68751 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0024277 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0024277 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0024277 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG18214-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0024277 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 43974 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/trio1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 43974 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0024277
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	0368/10 (Deak et al., 1997) 0959/14 (Deak et al., 1997) 1372/03 (Deak et al., 1997) 1386/06 (Deak et al., 1997) BEST:LD36950   CG9208 (Saito et al., 2002) CG18214 (Manning, 2001.3.20, Rogers et al., 2003, Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Perkins et al., 2009, Berger et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1) DTrio (Stoker, 2001, den Hertog, 1999) l(3)6D104 (Wei et al., 2003) l(3)036810 (Giniger, 2003.7.28) l(3)S036810 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, ) l(3)S095914 (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, ) l(3)S137203 (Bateman et al., 2000) l(3)S138606 (Bateman et al., 2000) l(3)S1372/3 (Bateman et al., 2000) l(3)S1386/06 (Bateman et al., 2000) l(3)trio (Wei et al., 2003) M89 (Hill et al., 1995, ) Trio (Hu, 2005, Rogers et al., 2003, Boutros et al., 2002, Baas and Luo, 2001, Chiba, 2001, Duchek et al., 2001, Awasaki, 1999.12.1, Lin and Greenberg, 2000, Li, 1999.11, Dietzl et al., 2000, Liebl, 1999.12.15, Newsome, 1999.12.12, Bateman et al., 1998, Bakal et al., 2007, Lv et al., 2009, Liebl and Featherstone, 2008, Le Gall et al., 2008, van Impel et al., 2009, Bates et al., 2010, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Takaesu et al., 2012, Song and Giniger, 2011, Rodal et al., 2011, Awasaki et al., 2006, Knight et al., 2010, Awasaki et al., 2011) trio (Liebl et al., 2007, Furuhashi et al., 2006, Kobayashi et al., 2006, Ball et al., 2010, Saito et al., 2002, Malartre et al., 2010, Malartre and Bermudo, 2008, Bakal et al., 2007, Joly et al., 2007, Wang and Lin, 2007, Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Goossens et al., 2011, Schuldiner et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2008, Ng, 2008, Conder et al., 2007, Font-Burgada et al., 2008, Pawson et al., 2008, Krejcí et al., 2009, Magalhaes et al., 2007, Song et al., 2010, Astigarraga et al., 2010, Lee and Thomas, 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Kuzina et al., 2011, Slack et al., 2006, Kertesz et al., 2007, Kulkarni et al., 2006, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) TRIO (Martini and Davis, 2005, Slack et al., 2010, Knight et al., 2010) UNC-73/Trio (Reif and Cyster, 2002)
Name Synonym	trio (Berger et al., 2008) Trio (Rogers et al., 2003)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0015758 FBgn0028051 FBgn0028162 FBgn0035180 FBgn0035182 FBgn0046252
References ( 132 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 132 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 64 ) Supplementary material  ( 12 ) Review  ( 22 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 14 ) Abstract  ( 10 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 8 )
	Shivalkar and Giniger, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e33737 Control of Dendritic Morphogenesis by Trio in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217879] Takaesu et al., 2012, Development 139(18): 3392--3401 Drosophila CORL is required for Smad2-mediated activation of Ecdysone Receptor expression in the mushroom body. [FBrf0219224] Goossens et al., 2011, Development 138(8): 1595--1605 The Drosophila L1CAM homolog Neuroglian signals through distinct pathways to control different aspects of mushroom body axon development. [FBrf0213316] Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 5--17 Systematic expression and loss-of-function analysis defines spatially restricted requirements for Drosophila RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs in leg morphogenesis. [FBrf0212976] Kuzina et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1839--1849 How Notch establishes longitudinal axon connections between successive segments of the Drosophila CNS. [FBrf0213493] Lee and Thomas, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 116--128 Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β(Heavy)-spectrin. [FBrf0213021] Rodal et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 193(1): 201--217 A presynaptic endosomal trafficking pathway controls synaptic growth signaling. [FBrf0213353] Song and Giniger, 2011, Dev. Dyn. 240(2): 324--332 Noncanonical notch function in motor axon guidance is mediated by Rac GTPase and the GEF1 domain of trio. [FBrf0212819] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...