General Information Symbol Dmel\ trioSpecies D. melanogaster Name trio Annotation symbol CG18214 Feature type protein_coding_gene FlyBase ID FBgn0024277 Gene Model Status Current Stock availability 26 publicly
available Also Known As DTrio Genomic Location Chromosome (arm) 3L Recombination map 3- Cytogenetic map 61E1-61E2 Sequence location 3L:995,982..1,034,875 [-]
Genomic Maps
Summary Information Automatically generated summary
See sections below for more information The gene
trio is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol
Dmel\trio (CG18214, FBgn0024277). It is a protein_coding_gene from
Drosophila melanogaster . There is experimental evidence that it has the
molecular function : Rho guanyl-nucleotide exchange factor activity. There is experimental evidence for 13 unique
biological process terms, many of which group under: single-organism developmental process; cellular component organization or biogenesis; biological regulation; system development; regulation of developmental process; neuron differentiation; response to organic substance; GO:0048676; post-embryonic organ morphogenesis; cell fate commitment.
86 alleles are reported . The
phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; organ system; peripheral nervous system; adult segment; external compound sense organ; multicellular structure; eo support cell; FBbt:00003689; FBbt:00003692; embryonic/larval neuron; non-connected developing system. It has
6 annotated transcripts and
6 annotated polypeptides .
Protein features are: CRAL-TRIO domain; Dbl homology (DH) domain; Guanine-nucleotide dissociation stimulator, CDC24, conserved site; Pleckstrin homology domain; Pleckstrin homology-like domain; Spectrin repeat; Spectrin/alpha-actinin; Src homology-3 domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1635047_s_at completely aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 5 of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of trio. Gene sequence location is
3L:995982..1034875 .
User Contributed Data External Summaries
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Description
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It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other
FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled
vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).
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FB2013_03
Controlled Vocabulary Terms
FB2013_02
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Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
61F8-61F8
(determined by in situ hybridisation) 61E (determined by in situ hybridisation)
61E-61E
(determined by in situ hybridisation) 61F8 (determined by in situ hybridisation) 61F1--2 (determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location Left of (cM) Right of (cM) Notes Gene Model & Products Comments on Gene
Model Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
DGC clone GH01987 appears problematic: incomplete CDS. DGC does not match predicted CDS
Transcript Data Annotated Transcripts Additional Transcript Data
& Comments Reported size (kB) Comments External Data Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data Annotated
Polypeptides Additional Polypeptide
Data & Comments Reported size (kDa) Comments External Data Linkouts Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot UniProtKB/TrEMBL Mapped Features Mapped Features have been reorganized, please
see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can
be found on GBrowse or related reports. External Data Linkouts Crossreferences Expression Data Transcript ExpressionComment: maternal contribution
Comment: maternally supplied
Comment: stronger expression 0-12 hr AEL
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for Subcellular Localization CV Term Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
trio protein is distributed in a patched pattern in the axons and cell bodies. The patches are in many cases associated with clusters of vesicles in the axoplasm. In the lamina,
trio protein is found in the dendritic terminals that contact or intrude into the photoreceptor cells.
trio protein is localized at or near the plasma membrane.
Marker for Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component) inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
1639.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
(1639.6)
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
(984.2)
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
(1639.6)
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
1639.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
Very high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
1639.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
(1639.6)
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
(984.2)
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
1639.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
539.15
Larval Midgut
33.1
Larval Hindgut
14.9
Larval Malpighian Tubules
13.6
Larval Fat Body
1.5
Larval Salivary Gland
49.4
Larval Trachea
11.525
Larval Carcass
22.8
Adult Head
292.5
Adult Eye
274.25
Adult Brain
1639.6
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
Adult Crop
25
Adult Midgut
28
Adult Hindgut
19
Adult Malpighian Tubules
18.6
Adult Fat Body
1.8
Adult Salivary Gland
7.4
Adult Heart
6.025
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
Adult Ovary
2.4
Adult Testis
1.9
Adult Male Accessory Gland
2.7
Adult Carcass
23.7
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass
FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level
Tissue
Adult Expression Level
NA
Head
292.5
NA
Eye
274.25
NA
Brain
1639.6
539.15
Central Nervous System
NA
NA
Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
984.2
NA
Crop
no informative data
33.1
Midgut
28
no informative data
Hindgut
no informative data
no informative data
Malpighian Tubules
no informative data
1.5
Fat Body
1.8
49.4
Salivary Gland
7.4
NA
Heart
6.025
no informative data
Trachea
NA
NA
VirginFemale Spermatheca
9.6
NA
InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
6.1
NA
Ovary
2.4
NA
Testis
1.9
NA
Male Accessory Gland
2.7
no informative data
Carcass
no informative data
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
(32)
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
(39)
head, mated 4-day male
(36)
head, mated 20-day male
(32)
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
(39)
head, mated 4-day male
(36)
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
18
central nervous system, larvae L3
26
central nervous system, pupae P8
32
head, virgin 1-day female
25
head, virgin 4-day female
22
head, virgin 20-day female
16
head, mated 1-day female
20
head, mated 4-day female
19
head, mated 20-day female
15
head, mated 1-day male
39
head, mated 4-day male
36
head, mated 20-day male
32
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
3
salivary gland, white prepupae
19
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
12
digestive system, 1-day adult
9
digestive system, 4-day adult
10
digestive system, 20-day adult
11
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
1
fat body, white prepupae
5
fat body, pupae P8
8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
16
carcass, 1-day adult
7
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
6
ovary, virgin 4-day female
14
ovary, mated 4-day female
13
testis, mated 4-day male
3
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
2
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
(27)
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
(29)
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
(28)
embryo 22-24hr
(28)
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
21
embryo 02-04hr
27
embryo 04-06hr
24
embryo 06-08hr
25
embryo 08-10hr
26
embryo 10-12hr
23
embryo 12-14hr
29
embryo 14-16hr
25
embryo 16-18hr
22
embryo 18-20hr
17
embryo 20-22hr
28
embryo 22-24hr
28
larva L1
14
larva L2
12
larva L3 12hr old
7
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
6
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
12
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
16
white prepupae new
20
white prepupae 12hr
26
white prepupae 24hr
24
pupae 2d postWPP
17
pupae 3d postWPP
11
pupae 4d postWPP
17
adult male 01day
14
adult male 05day
13
adult male 30day
12
adult female 01day
13
adult female 05day
15
adult female 30day
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
(46)
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
(50)
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
(35)
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
(32)
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
(48)
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
(29)
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
(29)
tumorous blood cells mbn2
(81)
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
(28)
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
(46)
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
(50)
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
(35)
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
(48)
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
(81)
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
46
Schneider line 2 Sg4
17
embryonic 1182-4H
22
embryonic GM2
50
embryonic Kc167
23
embryonic S1
19
embryonic S3
17
leg disc CME L1
17
wing disc CME-W2
35
wing disc ML-DmD8
22
wing disc ML-DmD9
32
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
48
wing disc ML-DmD21
16
wing disc ML-DmD32
15
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
29
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
20
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
17
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
17
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
20
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
29
tumorous blood cells mbn2
81
ovary fGS/OSS
26
ovary OSC
28
ovary OSS
16
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
7
cold shock, 4-day adult
7
heat shock, 4-day adult
9
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
6
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
8
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
16
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
10
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
15
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
6
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
4
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
6
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
6
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
12
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
14
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
4
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
External Data & Images
Linkouts
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
- Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Alleles & Phenotypes Summary of Allele Phenotypes embryonic central nervous system & axon
embryonic peripheral nervous system & axon
photoreceptor cell & axon
photoreceptor cell & axon (with
trio1 )
photoreceptor cell & axon (with
trio8 )
photoreceptor cell & axon | somatic clone
photoreceptor cell R7 & axon | somatic clone
Classical Alleles ( 56 ) For All Classical Alleles Show Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs
( 30 ) For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic
Constructs Show Aneuploid Aberrations Not disrupted in Disrupted in Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs UAS construct
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
NA
characterization construct
Insertions insertion of mobile activating element
insertion of enhancer trap
insertion of enhancer trap binary system
Gene Ontology: Function, Process
& Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms ) Terms Based on
Experimental Evidence ( 15 terms ) Molecular Function inferred from direct assay AND inferred from sequence or structural similarity with
human TRIO Biological Process inferred from direct assay
inferred from expression pattern
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
Abl AND inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
Lar AND inferred from genetic interaction with
Rac1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
Liprin-α inferred from genetic interaction with
Abl AND inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
Lar AND inferred from genetic interaction with
Rac1 AND inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from genetic interaction with
LIMK1 inferred from genetic interaction with
Mad inferred from direct assay
Cellular Component inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or
Assertions ( 5 terms ) Molecular Function non-traceable author statement
Biological Process traceable author statement
Cellular Component Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions Interacts with Please look at the allele data
for full details of the genetic interactions
External Data Linkouts
- A database of protein and genetic interactions
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (61)
- based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
OrthoDB orthology group searches
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
Insect inclusive ortholog search
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
Orthologs in Drosophila Species
(EOG66DMN1 )
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Y
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans
(EOG60CHQW )
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects
(EOG6JQ2SC )
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB45812
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG019874
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG007849
Atta cephalotes
Leafcutter ant
Acep\ACEP11575
Atta cephalotes
Leafcutter ant
Acep\ACEP11570
Camponotus floridanus
Florida carpenter ant
Cflo\CFLO17463
Camponotus floridanus
Florida carpenter ant
Cflo\CFLO17464
Harpegnathos saltator
Jerdons jumping ant
Hsal\HSAL17587
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH22499
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
Red harvester ant
Pbar\PB21554
Solenopsis invicta
Red fire ant
Sinv\SINV23087
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods
(EOG69ZW42 )
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa
(EOG60911Z )
Caenorhabditis elegans
Nematode
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Human Orthologs (3)AAA Orthologs (11)
based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Stocks & Reagents Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 26 )Bloomington Harvard VDRC Genomic Clones ( 2 )Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 91 )Please Note This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see
GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones Other clones cDNA Clones, End Sequenced
(ESTs) BDGP DGC clones Other clones RNAi & Array Information Linkouts
- Results from RNAi screens.
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Antibody Information
Other Information Discoverer Etymology Identification Relationship to Other Genes Source for database identity of Source for database merge of Source for merge of: trio BEST:LD36950
Source for merge of: Trio CG9208
Source for merge of: trio CG18214
Source for merge of: trio l(3)S036810 l(3)S095914
Source for merge of: Trio l(3)S036810 M89
Additional comments Source for merge of Trio CG9208 was sequence comparison (date:000525).
Other Comments dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.
trio is essential in order for neurites to faithfully extend on the correct pathways. It may also play a postdevelopmental role in neurite terminals.
Mutants deficient in
trio activity display defects in both central and peripheral axon pathways reminiscent of phenotypes observed in embryos deficient in small GTPase function.
trio and
Abl co-operate in regulating axon outgrowth in the embryonic central nervous system.
trio is required for normal photoreceptor axon guidance.
Isolated on the basis of sequence similarity to human Trio.
Haploinsufficiency dependent upon an Abl mutant background (HDA).
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
- A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Linkouts
- A database of protein and genetic interactions
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
- Results from RNAi screens.
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
- Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
- Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
- A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
- Data generated by the modENCODE project.
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
( 22 )Reported As Symbol Synonym CG18214
(
Manning, 2001.3.20 ,
Rogers et al., 2003 ,
Greenberg and Hatini, 2011 ,
Perkins et al., 2009 ,
Berger et al., 2008 ,
Ni et al., 2010.12.1 )
Trio
(
Hu, 2005 ,
Rogers et al., 2003 ,
Boutros et al., 2002 ,
Baas and Luo, 2001 ,
Chiba, 2001 ,
Duchek et al., 2001 ,
Awasaki, 1999.12.1 ,
Lin and Greenberg, 2000 ,
Li, 1999.11 ,
Dietzl et al., 2000 ,
Liebl, 1999.12.15 ,
Newsome, 1999.12.12 ,
Bateman et al., 1998 ,
Bakal et al., 2007 ,
Lv et al., 2009 ,
Liebl and Featherstone, 2008 ,
Le Gall et al., 2008 ,
van Impel et al., 2009 ,
Bates et al., 2010 ,
Shcherbata et al., 2007 ,
Takaesu et al., 2012 ,
Song and Giniger, 2011 ,
Rodal et al., 2011 ,
Awasaki et al., 2006 ,
Knight et al., 2010 ,
Awasaki et al., 2011 )
trio
(
Liebl et al., 2007 ,
Furuhashi et al., 2006 ,
Kobayashi et al., 2006 ,
Ball et al., 2010 ,
Saito et al., 2002 ,
Malartre et al., 2010 ,
Malartre and Bermudo, 2008 ,
Bakal et al., 2007 ,
Joly et al., 2007 ,
Wang and Lin, 2007 ,
Greenberg and Hatini, 2011 ,
Goossens et al., 2011 ,
Schuldiner et al., 2008 ,
Williams et al., 2008 ,
Ng, 2008 ,
Conder et al., 2007 ,
Font-Burgada et al., 2008 ,
Pawson et al., 2008 ,
Krejcí et al., 2009 ,
Magalhaes et al., 2007 ,
Song et al., 2010 ,
Astigarraga et al., 2010 ,
Lee and Thomas, 2011 ,
Wasbrough et al., 2010 ,
Kuzina et al., 2011 ,
Slack et al., 2006 ,
Kertesz et al., 2007 ,
Kulkarni et al., 2006 ,
Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21 )
Name Synonym Secondary FlyBase
IDs FBgn0015758 FBgn0028051 FBgn0028162 FBgn0035180 FBgn0035182 FBgn0046252 References ( 132 )Generate a list of List References by type
Recent research papers ( 8 )
Shivalkar and Giniger, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e33737Control of Dendritic Morphogenesis by Trio in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217879] Takaesu et al., 2012, Development 139(18): 3392--3401Drosophila CORL is required for Smad2-mediated activation of Ecdysone Receptor expression in the mushroom body. [FBrf0219224] Goossens et al., 2011, Development 138(8): 1595--1605The Drosophila L1CAM homolog Neuroglian signals through distinct pathways to control different aspects of mushroom body axon development. [FBrf0213316] Greenberg and Hatini, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 5--17Systematic expression and loss-of-function analysis defines spatially restricted requirements for Drosophila RhoGEFs and RhoGAPs in leg morphogenesis. [FBrf0212976] Kuzina et al., 2011, Development 138(9): 1839--1849How Notch establishes longitudinal axon connections between successive segments of the Drosophila CNS. [FBrf0213493] Lee and Thomas, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 116--128Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β(Heavy)-spectrin. [FBrf0213021] Rodal et al., 2011, J. Cell Biol. 193(1): 201--217A presynaptic endosomal trafficking pathway controls synaptic growth signaling. [FBrf0213353] Song and Giniger, 2011, Dev. Dyn. 240(2): 324--332Noncanonical notch function in motor axon guidance is mediated by Rac GTPase and the GEF1 domain of trio. [FBrf0212819]
Recent reviews (0)
All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011