FB2022_03, released June 9, 2022

Gene: Dmel\Mkk4

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Mkk4
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
MAP kinase kinase 4
Annotation Symbol
CG9738
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0024326
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
9 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (2.7.12.2)
Gene Summary
MAP kinase kinase 4 (Mkk4) encodes a mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) involved in the Jun kinase (JNK) pathway. It is directly activated by the MAPKKK encoded by Tak1. Mkk4 product roles include activation of intracellular JNK signalling upon the TNF family ligand encoded by egr and regulation of axon stability. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dMKK4, D-MKK4, JNKK2, SEK1/MKK4

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
85A5-85A5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-48
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:8646172..8650796
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (11 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR017441
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables JUN kinase kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001220507
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables MAP kinase kinase activity
traceable author statement
(Martin-Blanco, 2000)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684494
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in JNK cascade
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hep; FB:FBgn0010303
(Geuking et al., 2009)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:egr; FB:FBgn0033483
(Geuking et al., 2009)
inferred from direct assay
(Han et al., 1998)
involved_in neuron development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Rallis et al., 2010)
acts_upstream_of positive regulation of cell death
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:egr; FB:FBgn0033483
(Geuking et al., 2009)
involved_in regulation of adult chitin-containing cuticle pigmentation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Ask1; FB:FBgn0014006
(Sekine et al., 2011)
involved_in tumor necrosis factor-mediated signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:egr; FB:FBgn0033483
(Geuking et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in MAPK cascade
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684494
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR008271
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Rallis et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC)
Experimental Evidence
-
Predictions / Assertions
ATP + L-seryl/L-threonyl/L-tyrosyl-[protein] = ADP + O-phospho-L- seryl/O-phospho-L-threonyl/O-phospho-L-tyrosyl-[protein] (2.7.12.2)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
MAP kinase kinase 4 (Mkk4) encodes a mitogen activated protein kinase kinase (MAPKK) involved in the Jun kinase (JNK) pathway. It is directly activated by the MAPKKK encoded by Tak1. Mkk4 product roles include activation of intracellular JNK signalling upon the TNF family ligand encoded by egr and regulation of axon stability. [Date last reviewed: 2018-09-20]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
STE7 MAP KINASE KINASES -
STE7 MAP kinase kinases (MAPKKs) belong to the STE7 subfamily and are serine/threonine kinases that phosphorylate MAP kinases in MAPK signalling cascades. MAPKKs are activated by MAP kinase kinase kinases (MAPKKKs). (Adapted from FBrf0225276.)
Pathway (FlyBase)
TNFα-Eiger Signaling Pathway Core Components -
The Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) signaling pathway is activated by Eiger (egr) binding to a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. The signal is primarily transduced via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, leading to cell death. (Adapted from FBrf0225608.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Mkk4 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry O61444)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Mkk4-RA
FBtr0081892
NM_058005
2698
424
Mkk4-RB
FBtr0300443
NM_001170080
2525
424
Mkk4-RC
FBtr0334320
NM_001275446
4110
424
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2.515 (longest cDNA)

(Han et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Mkk4-PA
FBpp0081378
47.5
424
7.47
O61444
NP_477353
AAF54258
Mkk4-PB
FBpp0289672
47.5
424
7.47
O61444
NP_001163551
ACZ94848
Mkk4-PC
FBpp0306434
47.5
424
7.47
O61444
NP_001262375
AGB95757
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

424 aa isoforms: Mkk4-PA, Mkk4-PB, Mkk4-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

424 (aa)

(Han et al., 1998)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Mkk4 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:
 low
high 
Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:
 low
high 
as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
organism | ubiquitous
(Han et al., 1998)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Han et al., 1998)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Mkk4 transcripts are detected throughout embryonic development by in situ hybridization. There is a high level of maternal deposition. Later, expression is observed in most tissues with elevated levels in the ventral nerve cord.

(Han et al., 1998)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult mushroom body
• axon
(Rallis et al., 2010)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

Mkk4 protein is detected in mushroom body axons (particularly in α'β' and αβ axons) and cell bodies.

(Rallis et al., 2010)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Rallis et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Mkk4 in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 23 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Mkk4
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Mkk4
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (9)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\MAP2K4
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\MAP2K6
3 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\MAP2K1
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K2
2 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K3
2 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\LOC100996792
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\MAP2K5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MAP2K7
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\STK39
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (7)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Map2k4
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Map2k6
3 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k1
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k2
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k3
2 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Map2k7
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Map2k4
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\LOC108348082
2 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Map2k3
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k6
2 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Map2k7
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Stk39
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\map2k4
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\map2k6
3 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k1
2 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\map2k7
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\oxsr1
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\map2k4a
13 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\map2k4b
11 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\map2k6
3 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k2a
2 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k5
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\map2k7
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\stk39
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (9)
Cele\mkk-4
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\sek-6
11 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\sek-3
5 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\sek-1
4 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-5
3 of 15
No
No
Cele\mek-2
2 of 15
No
No
Cele\jkk-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\mek-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\sek-4
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (10)
Atha\MEK1
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK2
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK3
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK4
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK5
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK6
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK7
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK8
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\MKK9
3 of 9
Yes
No
Atha\MKK10
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\PBS2
5 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\MKK1
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\MKK2
1 of 15
No
No
Scer\STE7
1 of 15
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\wis1
7 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\byr1
1 of 12
No
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (15)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
lic
6 of 10
Dsor1
4 of 10
hep
2 of 10
Mekk1
2 of 10
fray
1 of 10
GckIII
1 of 10
hpo
1 of 10
hppy
1 of 10
mbt
1 of 10
msn
1 of 10
Pak3
1 of 10
Pak
1 of 10
Slik
1 of 10
Stlk
1 of 10
Tao
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    MAP2K4; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 4
    15 of 15
    601335
        MAP2K6; mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase 6
        3 of 15
        601254
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Mkk4
            suppressible
            hep
            (Rallis et al., 2010)
            Mkk4
            enhanceable
            hep
            (Rallis et al., 2010)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Ask1
            suppressible
            Mkk4
            (Sekine et al., 2011)
            egr
            suppressible
            Mkk4
            (Geuking et al., 2009)
            hep
            enhanceable
            Mkk4
            (Rallis et al., 2010)
            hep
            suppressible
            Mkk4
            (Geuking et al., 2009)
            MAPk-Ak2
            suppressible
            Mkk4
            (Seisenbacher et al., 2011)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            TNFα-Eiger Signaling Pathway Core Components -
            The Tumor Necrosis Factor α (TNFα) signaling pathway is activated by Eiger (egr) binding to a member of the TNF receptor superfamily. The signal is primarily transduced via the Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) cascade, leading to cell death. (Adapted from FBrf0225608.)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            External Data
            Linkouts
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-48
            Cytogenetic map
            85A5-85A5
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            85A5-85A5
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP833 and P{lacW}l(3)L4740L4740
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            85A2-85A7
            (Han, 1997.11.21)
            85A2-85A7
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Han, 1998.4.1, Han et al., 1998)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            3-48

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            3-45.4

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (9)
            Genomic Clones (19)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (123)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             

            polyclonal

            (Rallis et al., 2010)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
            Other Information
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database identify of

            Source for identity of: Mkk4 CG9738

            (Zhao, 1999.11)
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Mkk4 JNKK2

            (Martinez Arias, 2000.4.12)
            Additional comments
            Other Comments

            When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, chromosome abnormalities and chromosome alignment defects are seen.

            (Bettencourt-Dias et al., 2004)

            dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

            (Kiger et al., 2003)

            By using a drug SB203580 that specifically binds and inhibits p38 activity (lic and Mkk4), we demonstrated that Drosophila p38 is surprisingly involved in down-regulation of Drosophila immune response.

            (Han et al., 1998)

            Mkk4 is an activator of bsk kinase but not Mpk2 and p38b kinases.

            (Han et al., 1998)
            Origin and Etymology
            Discoverer
            Etymology
            Identification
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 57 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
            SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
            Cell Signaling Technology - Commercial vendor for primary antibodies and antibody conjugates.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            142758_at
            (Kristensen et al., 2005)
            CG9738
            (Metwally et al., 2019, Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Sepp et al., 2008, Morrison et al., 2000)
            CT27508
            (Morrison et al., 2000)
            D-MKK4
            (Ryabinina et al., 2006, Martin-Blanco, 2000, Han et al., 1998, Han et al., 1998)
            DMKK4
            (Ip and Davis, 1998)
            JNKK2
            (Martinez Arias, 2000.4.12, Kim, 1998.4.22)
            MAPKK4
            (Guichard et al., 2006)
            MKK4
            (Harnish et al., 2021, Galenza and Foley, 2019, Lee et al., 2019, Ma et al., 2016, Das et al., 2013, Macdonald et al., 2013, Ríos-Barrera and Riesgo-Escovar, 2013, Serysheva et al., 2013, Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012, Seisenbacher et al., 2011, Suganuma et al., 2010, Mlodzik, 2002, Sokol and Cooley, 2001, Martinez Arias, 2000.4.12, Weber et al., 2000, Han, 1997.11.21, Han, 1997.11.21)
            Mkk4
            (Havula et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Buhlman et al., 2021, Gan et al., 2021, Klemm et al., 2021, La Marca and Richardson, 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Meltzer et al., 2019, Metwally et al., 2019, Sun et al., 2019, Romey-Glüsing et al., 2018, Schimizzi et al., 2016, Dent et al., 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Faisal et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Wong et al., 2014, Carter, 2013, Das et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Yin et al., 2013, Felix et al., 2012, Igboin et al., 2012, Marchal et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Neisch et al., 2010, Rallis et al., 2010, Geuking et al., 2009, Sepp et al., 2008, Syrzycka et al., 2007, Gesellchen et al., 2005)
            Mpk4
            P-MKK4
            (Hebbar et al., 2015)
            SEK1/MKK4
            (Bjorklund et al., 2006, Morrison et al., 2000)
            dMKK4
            (Mishra et al., 2021, Biteau et al., 2011, Bond and Foley, 2009, Zhuang et al., 2006, Sathyanarayana et al., 2003)
            dMkk4
            (Sekine et al., 2011)
            mkk4
            (Fabian et al., 2021, Hsu et al., 2021, Rallis et al., 2013, Tresch and Markowetz, 2008, Boutros et al., 2002)
            Name Synonyms
            Drosophila MAP kinase kinase 4
            (Han et al., 1998)
            JNK kinase 2
            (Kim, 1998.4.22)
            MAP kinase kinase 4
            (Felix et al., 2012, Han et al., 1998, Han, 1997.11.21)
            MAPK kinase 4
            (Vandenabeele and Bertrand, 2012)
            Map kinase kinase 4
            (Neisch et al., 2010)
            map kinase kinase 4
            (Faisal et al., 2014)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0024950
            • FBgn0040310
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            References (123)