• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\AkhR

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\AkhR	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Adipokinetic hormone receptor	Annotation symbol	CG11325
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0025595
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	6 publicly available
Also Known As	akhr, GRHR, DGRHR
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	27A1-27A1	Sequence location	2L:6,711,286..6,716,186 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\GRHR (CG11325, FBgn0025595). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: adipokinetic hormone binding; peptide receptor activity; adipokinetic hormone receptor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: triglyceride homeostasis; lipid homeostasis; G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway; lipid catabolic process; carbohydrate homeostasis. 17 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: adult fat body; lipid droplet. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like; GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. Gene sequence location is 2L:6711286..6716186.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 27A1-27A1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Sec61αEP2180 and P{lacW}Ate1k10809
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 27A2-27B2     (Hauser, 1998.7.7)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\AkhR for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45 DGC clone GH21228 appears problematic: incomplete CDS
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) AkhR-RA FBtr0079308  NM_058039   2031   443 AkhR-RB FBtr0079309  NM_164705   2781   443 AkhR-RC FBtr0079310  NM_205917   2022   455 AkhR-RD FBtr0332331  NM_001273220   2587   443
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein AkhR-PA   FBpp0078938   50.2   443   9.56     NP_477387   AAF52426 AkhR-PB   FBpp0078939   50.2   443   9.56     NP_723206   AAN10595 AkhR-PC   FBpp0089220   51.4   455   9.38     NP_995639   AAS64647 AkhR-PD   FBpp0304609   50.2   443   9.56     NP_001260149   AGB92685
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like (IPR000276) GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM (IPR017452)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014134 AAF52426   AE014134 AAN10595   AE014134 AAS64647   AC003052   AC092397   AF077299 AAC61523   AF522194 AAN10047   AE014134 AGB92685   AI388507   AI389490   AI389920   AW940820   AY060325 AAL25364   BG633063   BG633132   BT031198   CA804981   CL844453   CO183250   CO189249   CO194252   CO194832   CO271602   CO303159   CZ467911   CZ467912   CZ468916   DD177540   EC052237   EC052349   EC054852   EC055233   EC071618   EC088503   EC206337   EC217728
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q7KTL9 Q9VM96 Q95T55 Q71EB3 O77152
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 16 -- 17   embryonic/larval fat body   (Grönke et al., 2007) third instar larval stage   embryonic/larval fat body   (Grönke et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from direct assay (Staubli et al., 2002)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult heart, larval/adult fat body, adult spermathecae, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    0 central nervous system, larvae L3    0 central nervous system, pupae P8    0 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    6 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    7 head, mated 20-day female    10 head, mated 1-day male    6 head, mated 4-day male    7 head, mated 20-day male    9 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    1 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    11 fat body, white prepupae    6 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    4 carcass, 20-day adult    5 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    1 embryo 12-14hr    1 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    2 embryo 22-24hr    3 larva L1    4 larva L2    10 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    17 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    19 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    16 white prepupae 12hr    2 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    15 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    5 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    1 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    4 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_10
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0025595 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11325-RB;CG11325-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable AkhRc03956 AkhREY11371 AkhRnull viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 AkhRGD586 Sterility Allele fertile AkhRc03956 AkhREY11371 Other Phenotypes Allele stress response defective AkhR1 AkhREY11371 AkhRnull Phenotype manifest in Allele adult fat body AkhRnull embryonic/larval midgut | third instar larval stage AkhR1 lipid droplet AkhR1 AkhR2 lipid droplet (with AkhR1) AkhR2 lipid droplet (with AkhR2) AkhR1
Classical Alleles ( 11 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of AkhR Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AkhRc03956 piggyBac transposase 2 -- AkhRc02386 piggyBac transposase 1 -- AkhREY11371 P-element activity 1 Yes AkhR1 P-element activity 0 Yes AkhR2 P-element activity 0 Yes AkhRA1332 0 Yes AkhRG6244 0 Yes AkhRnull Delta2-3 0 Yes AkhRrev Delta2-3 0 Yes AkhRrevA P-element activity 0 Yes AkhRrevB P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of AkhR Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion AkhRGD586 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes AkhRJF03256 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes AkhRKK101966 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes AkhRNIG.11325R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes AkhRScer\UAS.cBa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes AkhRScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel7027 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{?EP}AkhR1 NA P{?EP}AkhR2 NA P{?EPgy2}AkhRnull NA P{?EPgy2}AkhRrev NA PBac{PB}AkhRc02386 NA PBac{PB}AkhRc03956 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}AkhRG6244 NA P{EPgy2}AkhREY11371 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B0583B0583 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B1267B1267 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}CG11188A1332 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
adipokinetic hormone binding inferred from physical interaction with Akh (Staubli et al., 2002) adipokinetic hormone receptor activity inferred from direct assay (Staubli et al., 2002, Park et al., 2002)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
carbohydrate homeostasis inferred from mutant phenotype (Bharucha et al., 2008) G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway inferred from direct assay (Staubli et al., 2002, Park et al., 2002) lipid catabolic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Grönke et al., 2007) lipid homeostasis inferred from mutant phenotype (Grönke et al., 2007) triglyceride homeostasis inferred from mutant phenotype (Bharucha et al., 2008)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from direct assay (Staubli et al., 2002)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Brody and Cravchik, 2000) G-protein coupled receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Radford et al., 2002) neuropeptide receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Hewes and Taghert, 2001) non-traceable author statement (Park, 2002.6.19)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Hewes and Taghert, 2001, Brody and Cravchik, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Park, 2002.6.19)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Hewes and Taghert, 2001, Brody and Cravchik, 2000, Park, 2002.6.19) integral to plasma membrane inferred by curator from GO:0097003|GO:0007186 (Park et al., 2002) inferred from sequence model (Park et al., 2002)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions AkhR allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60095 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0025595 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33942
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (49) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6WH95S Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG666VVM Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6GTJ8H Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6Q2BX8 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6PP99P
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6WH95S)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\AkhR     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD22549 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM13935 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG23593 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE18412 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14951 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA10920 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL25969 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK24218 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ15464 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI17543 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH11026 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG666VVM)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011325   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\GPRGNR1
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6GTJ8H)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB53230   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG013042   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH11007   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP20037   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21382   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO21381   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL22898   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH20761   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB19285   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24420   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI002471   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA002767   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM370810   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\akhr
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6Q2BX8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_40643   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW017422   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW008018   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW019342   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW011612   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW013251   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW001755   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW000658   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW019339
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6PP99P)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\gnrr-1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\gnrhr1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_001537gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\gnrhr4   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000079894   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000041866   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\gnrhr2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\gnrhr2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\gnrhr   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\GNRHR   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CGNRH-R   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\ENSG00000211451
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\ENSG00000211451
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD22549 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM13935 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG23593 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE18412 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF14951 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA10920 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL25969 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24218 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ15464 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI17543 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH11026
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )
Bloomington	29577 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03256}attP2 20304 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}AkhREY11371 11320 w1118; PBac{PB}CG15443c03956 PBac{PB}AkhRc03956
Harvard	- PBac{PB}AkhRc02386 - PBac{PB}AkhRc03956
VDRC	v9546 w1118; P{GD586}v9546/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR22N03 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 14 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH21228
Other clones	GH19447
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH20680
Other clones	EC25301 EC37701 EC39290 EC052237 EC052349 EC054852 EC055233 EK043623 EK104015 EK240323 ESG0116a.B21_B06
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0025595 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33942
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: GRHR CG11325 (Wortman, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: GRHR BEST:GH19447 (Rana, 2004.7.8)
Additional comments
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_058039 NM_164705 NM_205917 NM_001273220 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_477387 NP_723206 NP_995639 NP_001260149 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC61523 AAF52426 AAL25364 AAN10047 AAN10595 AAS64647 AC003052 AC092397 AF077299 AF522194 AGB92685 AI388507 AI389490 AI389920 AW940820 AY060325 BG633063 BG633132 CL844453 CZ467911 CZ467912 CZ468916 DD177540 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 33942 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • O77152 Q7KTL9 Q9VM96 Q71EB3 Q95T55
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • G protein-coupled receptor, rhodopsin-like (IPR000276) GPCR, rhodopsin-like, 7TM (IPR017452)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 60095 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0025595 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0025595 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0025595 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11325-RB;CG11325-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0025595 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 33942 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /genebrief/grhr_akhr.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 33942 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0025595
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	akhr (Righi et al., 2010, Pospisilik et al., 2010) AKHR (Musselman et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Grönke et al., 2007, Iijima et al., 2009, Beller et al., 2010, Beller et al., 2010, Sieber and Thummel, 2009, Palm et al., 2012) Akhr (Bharucha et al., 2008) AkhR   BEST:GH19447   CG11325 (Bryson-Richardson et al., 2004, Park et al., 2002, Grieder et al., 2007, Grönke et al., 2007, Mohammad et al., 2009, Fujikawa et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) DAKHR (Cazzamali et al., 2003) DAKHR-1 (Staubli et al., 2002) DGRHR (Hauser, 1998.7.7, Hauser et al., 1998, ) GnRHR (Staubli et al., 2002) GRHR (Izutsu et al., 2012, Jungreis, 2011.11.18, Fujikawa et al., 2009, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) GRHR/CG11325 (Hewes and Taghert, 2001.7.31) unnamed (Sondergaard et al., 1999)
Name Synonym	adipokinetic hormone receptor (Bharucha et al., 2008, Beller et al., 2010) Adipokinetic hormone receptor   Adipokinetic Hormone Receptor (Palm et al., 2012) AKH receptor (Staubli et al., 2002, Veenstra et al., 2008) Drm-AKH receptor-1 (Staubli et al., 2002) gonadotrophin-releasing hormone receptor (Zou et al., 2000) gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Hauser, 1998.7.7) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone receptor (Felix et al., 2012, Staubli et al., 2002) hormone receptor (Zou et al., 2000)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0043817
References ( 56 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 56 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 27 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 12 ) Abstract  ( 2 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 3 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Caers et al., 2012, Gen. Comp. Endocrinol. 177(3): 332--337 Structure-activity studies of Drosophila adipokinetic hormone (AKH) by a cellular expression system of dipteran AKH receptors. [FBrf0218624] Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769 Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Felix et al., 2012, Genetics 191(3): 989--1002 Age-Specific Variation in Immune Response in Drosophila melanogaster Has a Genetic Basis. [FBrf0218944] Izutsu et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e33288 Genome features of "dark-fly", a Drosophila line reared long-term in a dark environment. [FBrf0217825] Palm et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(7): e1002828 Lipoproteins in Drosophila melanogaster-Assembly, Function, and Influence on Tissue Lipid Composition. [FBrf0219024] Musselman et al., 2011, Dis. Model Mech. 4(6): 842--849 A high-sugar diet produces obesity and insulin resistance in wild-type Drosophila. [FBrf0216626] Wang et al., 2011, Cell 145(4): 596--606 A hormone-dependent module regulating energy balance. [FBrf0213699] Show all research papers ...