FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\santa-maria
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\santa-maria
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
scavenger receptor acting in neural tissue and majority of rhodopsin is absent
Annotation Symbol
CG12789
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0025697
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
15 publicly available
Gene Summary
scavenger receptor acting in neural tissue and majority of rhodopsin is absent (santa-maria) encodes a class B scavenger receptor that contributes to the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A. It is involved in phototransduction and thermotaxis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

santa maria, BEST:CK01577

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
28A1-28A1
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-27
RefSeq locus
NT_033779 REGION:7445355..7451244
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables scavenger receptor activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000230217
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in carotenoid metabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2007)
involved_in phototransduction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2007)
involved_in rhodopsin biosynthetic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2007)
involved_in thermotaxis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shen et al., 2011)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000230217
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
located_in membrane
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002159
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
scavenger receptor acting in neural tissue and majority of rhodopsin is absent (santa-maria) encodes a class B scavenger receptor that contributes to the conversion of carotenoids to vitamin A. It is involved in phototransduction and thermotaxis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CLASS B SCAVENGER RECEPTORS -
Class B scavenger receptors are transmembrane proteins that belong to the CD36 family. These receptors contain two transmembrane domains, an extracellular loop with multiple glycosylation sites and two short intracellular tails. They are implicated in lipoprotein scavenging, fatty acid transport, innate immune signalling, cell adhesion, lysosomal protein sorting and gustatory fat detection. (Adapted from FBrf0232659.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\santa-maria for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VM10)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
santa-maria-RA
FBtr0079464
NM_164752
2302
563
santa-maria-RC
FBtr0346571
NM_135277
5563
563
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
santa-maria-PA
FBpp0079088
62.9
563
5.35
Q9VM10
NP_723277
AAF52518
santa-maria-PC
FBpp0312169
62.9
563
5.35
Q9VM10
NP_609121
AAN10632
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

563 aa isoforms: santa-maria-PA, santa-maria-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\santa-maria using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.32

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{santa-maria-GAL4.W}
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
retina
(Wang et al., 2007)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\santa-maria in JBrowse
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of santa-maria
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of santa-maria
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Hsap\SCARB1
8 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\SCARB2
6 of 14
No
No
2  
Hsap\CD36
4 of 14
No
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Scarb1
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Scarb2
6 of 14
No
No
Rnor\RGD1565355
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Cd36
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\LOC120093085
2 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Mmus\Scarb1
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Scarb2
6 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Cd36
3 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (6)
Xtro\scarb1
8 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\cd36l
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\cd36
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\scarb2
3 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC100489067
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\synj2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\scarb1
7 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\scarb2a
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\scarb2b
5 of 14
No
No
Drer\cd36
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\scarb2c
3 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (6)
Cele\scav-3
10 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\scav-2
9 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-1
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-4
6 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\scav-5
6 of 14
No
No
Cele\scav-6
6 of 14
No
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (14)
Agam\SCRB17
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\SCRBQ2
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB3
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRBQ3
5 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP004845
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP012849
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB6
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB9
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB16
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRBQ1
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB1
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB5
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB7
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\SCRB10
3 of 12
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:santa-maria. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)
crq
10 of 13
pes
10 of 13
CG31741
9 of 13
dsb
9 of 13
emp
9 of 13
ninaD
9 of 13
bez
8 of 13
CG7227
8 of 13
CG40006
7 of 13
CG10345
6 of 13
Snmp2
6 of 13
CG2736
5 of 13
Snmp1
5 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    santa-maria1
    model of  sensorineural hearing loss
    CEA
    (Senthilan et al., 2012)
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SCARB1; scavenger receptor class B member 1
    8 of 14
    601040
       
      SCARB2; scavenger receptor class B member 2
      6 of 14
      602257
       
      CD36; CD36 molecule (CD36 blood group)
      4 of 14
      173510
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      santa-maria
      suppressible
      drpr
      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      NimC4|santa-maria
      suppressible
      drpr
      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      santa-maria
      enhanceable
      drpr
      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      santa-maria
      suppressible
      NimC4
      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      drpr|NimC4
      enhanceable
      santa-maria
      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      pinta
      enhanceable
      santa-maria
      (Katana et al., 2019)
      Ras85D
      suppressible
      santa-maria
      (Hauling et al., 2014)
      Ras85D
      enhanceable
      santa-maria
      (Hauling et al., 2014)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2L
      Recombination map
      2-27
      Cytogenetic map
      28A1-28A1
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      28A1-28A1
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}cuc10607 and P{EP}EP2419EP2419&P{EP}EP575
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      2-27

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      2-24.3

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (15)
      Genomic Clones (16)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (21)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Hilu-Dadia et al., 2025)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          santa-maria acts as a modifier of Ras85D-induced tissue abnormalities and this affects the survival of mutant larvae.

          (Hauling et al., 2014)

          The santa-maria protein functions in neurons and glia.

          (Wang et al., 2007)

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          (Kiger et al., 2003)

          Identification: cDNA screen for secreted and transmembrane proteins expressed during embryogenesis.

          (Kopczynski et al., 1998)
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: BEST:CK01577 CG12789

          (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: CG12789 santa-maria

          (Wang et al., 2007)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 39 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (73)