FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\mbo
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\mbo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
members only
Annotation Symbol
CG6819
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0026207
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
members only (mbo) encodes a nucleoporin involved in immune response transduction by mediating the nuclear translocation of the product of Mad. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-27] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Nup88, l(3)05043, DNup88, l(3)S146507

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
87C5-87C5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-52
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:12676487..12679052
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables chromatin binding
inferred from direct assay
(Capelson et al., 2010)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9TVM2,UniProtKB:Q9W1X4
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W1A4
(Minakhina et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9TVM2
(Roth et al., 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9W1X4
(Roth et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables structural constituent of nuclear pore
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037700
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in antimicrobial humoral response
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Uv et al., 2000)
involved_in negative regulation of protein export from nucleus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Roth et al., 2003)
involved_in protein import into nucleus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Uv et al., 2000)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in mRNA export from nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000327285
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in nucleocytoplasmic transport
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037700
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in protein import into nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000327285
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in ribosomal large subunit export from nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037700
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000327285
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in ribosomal small subunit export from nucleus
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR037700
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000327285
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Capelson et al., 2010)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Capelson et al., 2010)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Uv et al., 2000)
located_in nuclear lumen
inferred from direct assay
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006)
part_of nuclear pore
inferred from direct assay
(Roth et al., 2003)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Capelson et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of nuclear pore
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q99567
(Uv et al., 2000)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000327285
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
members only (mbo) encodes a nucleoporin involved in immune response transduction by mediating the nuclear translocation of the product of Mad. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-27]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
NUCLEAR PORE COMPLEX -
The Nuclear Pore Complex (NPC) is a large protein complex embedded in the nuclear membrane that facilitates nucleocytoplasmic traffic. The NPC is composed of approximately 30 different proteins: the nucleoporins. The NPC displays 8-fold symmetry and each nucleoporin is present in multiple copies. From the central ring that forms the pore, filaments protrude into the cytoplasm (cytoplasmic filaments) and the nucleoplasm (nuclear basket). Many nucleoporins contain FG repeats which are thought to act as a diffusion barrier and docking sight for transport receptors (karyopherins). Export and import is controlled by the interaction of the karyopherins with localization and export sequences. (Adapted from FBrf0220062 and PMID:21495847).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Essential component of nuclear pore complex (PubMed:10921908, PubMed:14638854, PubMed:17032737). Required for the anchoring of Nup214 and emb on the nuclear envelope and thereby attenuates nuclear export signal (NES)-mediated nuclear export (PubMed:14638854). Together with Nup214, required for the nuclear import of the Rel family transcription factors dorsal (dl) and Dorsal-related immunity factor (Dif) and the activation of an immune response (PubMed:10921908, PubMed:17032737).
(UniProt, Q9GYU8)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
1
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\mbo for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9GYU8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.41

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
mbo-RA
FBtr0082668
NM_079606
2566
702
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
mbo-PA
FBpp0082137
78.7
702
5.75
Q9GYU8
NP_524330
AAF54849
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the nuclear pore complex (PubMed:14638854, PubMed:17032737). Interacts with Nup214 and emb to attenuate emb-mediated protein export (PubMed:14638854, PubMed:17032737). Interacts with tamo for nuclear import of target proteins including dl, msl-1, Ran and Ran-like (PubMed:12653959).

(UniProt, Q9GYU8)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\mbo using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

1.90

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in chromatin
inferred from direct assay
(Capelson et al., 2010)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Capelson et al., 2010)
located_in nuclear envelope
inferred from direct assay
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Uv et al., 2000)
located_in nuclear lumen
inferred from direct assay
(Xylourgidis et al., 2006)
part_of nuclear pore
inferred from direct assay
(Roth et al., 2003)
located_in nucleoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Capelson et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\mbo in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of mbo
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of mbo
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\NUP88
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Nup88
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Nup88
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\nup88
10 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\samd7
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\nup88
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001179
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\MOS7
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\NUP82
2 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\nup82
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:mbo. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    NUP88; nucleoporin 88
    model of  fetal akinesia deformation sequence syndrome 4
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    NUP88; nucleoporin 88
    13 of 14
    602552
     
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    emb
    suppressible
    mbo
    (Roth et al., 2003)
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Component of the nuclear pore complex (PubMed:14638854, PubMed:17032737). Interacts with Nup214 and emb to attenuate emb-mediated protein export (PubMed:14638854, PubMed:17032737). Interacts with tamo for nuclear import of target proteins including dl, msl-1, Ran and Ran-like (PubMed:12653959).
    (UniProt, Q9GYU8 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-52
    Cytogenetic map
    87C5-87C5
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    87C5-87C5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Vha55j2E9 and P{PZ}CtBP03463
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    87C6-87C8
    (Uv, 2000.7.18, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
    87C-87C
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Deak, 1999.12.22, Szeged Stock Center, 1998-, Deak et al., 1997)
    87C6-87C8
    (determined by in situ hybridisation)
    (Spradling et al., 1999)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-52

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-50.0

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (8)
    Genomic Clones (11)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (174)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments

        Area matching Drosophila EST AA202767. This EST forms a 715bp contig with ESTs AA201231 and AA392823. Sequence similarity to Rat NUP84 gene.

        (Davies, 2001.3.15)

        mbo has a suggested role in signal transduction.

        (Uv et al., 2000)

        mbo is required for the selective nuclear import of dl protein upon an immune response.

        (Uv and Samakovlis, 1999)

        Lethal complementation group identified by insertion of a P{lacW} element in the 86E-87F region.

        (Deak et al., 1997)
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: l(3)05043 l(3)S146507

        (Deak, 1999.12.22)

        Source for merge of: mbo CG6819

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of: mbo anon-WO0118547.263

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Additional comments

        Source for merge of mbo CG6819 was sequence comparison ( date:000829 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)

        Source for merge of mbo anon-WO0118547.263 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
        Reported As
        Symbol Synonym
        1465/07
        (Deak et al., 1997)
        1465/7
        (Deak et al., 1997)
        CG6819
        (Hosono et al., 2015, Andlauer et al., 2014, Müller et al., 2010, Mason and Goldfarb, 2009, Perkins et al., 2009, Sabri et al., 2007)
        DNup88
        (Roth et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002, Uv, 2000.7.18)
        Dnup 88
        (Sabri et al., 2003)
        Dnup88
        (Xylourgidis et al., 2001, Uv et al., 2000)
        MBO
        (Raices and D'Angelo, 2012)
        Mbo
        (McQuarrie et al., 2023, Minakhina et al., 2003)
        NUP88
        (Raices and D'Angelo, 2012)
        Nup88
        (Merigliano et al., 2025, Duarte et al., 2024, Richards et al., 2022, Sadasivan et al., 2022, Andlauer et al., 2014, Capelson et al., 2010, Neumann et al., 2010, Sabri et al., 2007, Xylourgidis et al., 2006, Onischenko et al., 2004, Minakhina et al., 2003, Uv et al., 2000)
        anon-WO0118547.263
        dNup88
        (Roth et al., 2003)
        l(3)05043
        (Deak, 1999.12.22, Spradling et al., 1999, Davies et al., 1996, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project, 1993.6.1)
        l(3)S146507
        (Szeged Stock Center, 1998-)
        mbo
        (Klimkowski Arango and Morgante, 2025, Duarte et al., 2024, Evans et al., 2021, Parkhitko et al., 2021, Hampoelz et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kavi et al., 2015, Andlauer et al., 2014, Chandran et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Belozerov et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Friedman et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Doheny et al., 2008, McElroy et al., 2008, Muse et al., 2007, Roth et al., 2003, Bhattacharya and Steward, 2002)
        nup88
        (Klumpe et al., 2025, Hampoelz et al., 2019, Mason and Goldfarb, 2009)
        Name Synonyms
        Members only
        (Andlauer et al., 2014)
        members only
        (Chandran et al., 2014, Mason and Goldfarb, 2009, Jiang and Crews, 2006, Roth et al., 2003, Uv and Samakovlis, 1999)
        Secondary FlyBase IDs
        • FBgn0010853
        • FBgn0023005
        • FBgn0038075
        • FBgn0062136
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (91)