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Gene Dmel\bgm

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\bgm	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	bubblegum	Annotation symbol	CG4501
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0027348
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	BG:DS01514.2
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	34F1-34F1	Sequence location	2L:14,013,747..14,019,328 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene bubblegum is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\bgm (CG4501, FBgn0027348). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: long-chain fatty acid metabolic process. 12 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: optic lobe; mesothoracic tergum; lamina. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: AMP-dependent synthetase/ligase. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult midgut, adult heart, adult fat body, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, adult salivary gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1634048_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of bgm. Gene sequence location is 2L:14013747..14019328.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Reis et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(11): e1001206 Sequence features BKN21946 HFA01356 HFA03495
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 34F1-34F1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Sosk05224&P{lacW}RpII33k05605 and P{lacW}l(2)34Fak00811&P{PZ}wb09437
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 34F1-34F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ashburner et al., 1999) 34F1-34F2   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 34F1-34F2     (Min and Benzer, 1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\bgm for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.42
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) bgm-RA FBtr0080590  NM_079959   2500   666
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein bgm-PA   FBpp0080167   73.6   666   8.38     NP_524698   AAF53368
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • AMP-dependent synthetase/ligase (IPR000873)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA202657   AA391612   AA696773   AA698803   AA803692   AE014134 AAF53368   AI062220   AI062891   AI064646   AI135054   AI404572   AI405790   AI405993   AI456040   AI456368   AI518984   AI519921   AI945524   AQ025909   AY118315 AAM48344   BH023729   BI164241   BI164397   BI165049   BI166056   BI170342   BI170795   BI212692   BI216808   BI234077   BI234492   BI236949   BI241759   BI369894   BI370222   BI374952   BI482856   BI633277   BT044224   CK136110   CK445208   CK657733   CL610130   CO178137   CO287256   CO328884   CZ471647   CZ471684   CZ476540   CZ482905   EC083719   EC195754   EC218539   EV578020   EV599373   GH942875   GH947783   GH954721   GH960169   GH960935   GH965073   GH966084   GH966101   GH967885   GH975415   GH978509   GH980756   GH984017
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9V3S9
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0027348    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0027348 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0027348 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr    15822 embryo 22-24hr    13150 larva L1    10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (7669) embryo 02-04hr  (449) embryo 04-06hr  (1481) embryo 06-08hr  (928) embryo 08-10hr  (1336) embryo 10-12hr  (1888) embryo 12-14hr  (1224) embryo 14-16hr  (1114) embryo 16-18hr  (726) embryo 18-20hr  (3137) embryo 20-22hr  (15822) embryo 22-24hr  (13150) larva L1  (10583) larva L2  (8782) larva L3 12hr old  (5730) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3628) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1016) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (536) white prepupae new  (211) white prepupae 12hr  (463) white prepupae 24hr  (301) pupae 2d postWPP  (386) pupae 3d postWPP  (634) pupae 4d postWPP  (448) adult male 01day  (3167) adult male 05day  (2300) adult male 30day  (1796) adult female 01day  (5803) adult female 05day  (6413) adult female 30day  (6549) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (7669) embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr  1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr  (1888) embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr  (3137) embryo 20-22hr  (15822) embryo 22-24hr  (13150) larva L1  (10583) larva L2  (8782) larva L3 12hr old  (5730) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3628) larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day  (3167) adult male 05day  (2300) adult male 30day  (1796) adult female 01day  (5803) adult female 05day  (6413) adult female 30day  (6549) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr  (15822) embryo 22-24hr  (13150) larva L1  10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr    15822 embryo 22-24hr    13150 larva L1    10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0027348 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr    15822 embryo 22-24hr    13150 larva L1    10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (7669) embryo 02-04hr  (449) embryo 04-06hr  (1481) embryo 06-08hr  (928) embryo 08-10hr  (1336) embryo 10-12hr  (1888) embryo 12-14hr  (1224) embryo 14-16hr  (1114) embryo 16-18hr  (726) embryo 18-20hr  (3137) embryo 20-22hr  (15822) embryo 22-24hr  (13150) larva L1  (10583) larva L2  (8782) larva L3 12hr old  (5730) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3628) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1016) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (536) white prepupae new  (211) white prepupae 12hr  (463) white prepupae 24hr  (301) pupae 2d postWPP  (386) pupae 3d postWPP  (634) pupae 4d postWPP  (448) adult male 01day  (3167) adult male 05day  (2300) adult male 30day  (1796) adult female 01day  (5803) adult female 05day  (6413) adult female 30day  (6549) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (7669) embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr  1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr  1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr  (3137) embryo 20-22hr  (15822) embryo 22-24hr  (13150) larva L1  (10583) larva L2  (8782) larva L3 12hr old  (5730) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3628) larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day  (3167) adult male 05day  2300 adult male 30day  1796 adult female 01day  (5803) adult female 05day  (6413) adult female 30day  (6549) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr  15822 embryo 22-24hr  13150 larva L1  10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    7669 embryo 02-04hr    449 embryo 04-06hr    1481 embryo 06-08hr    928 embryo 08-10hr    1336 embryo 10-12hr    1888 embryo 12-14hr    1224 embryo 14-16hr    1114 embryo 16-18hr    726 embryo 18-20hr    3137 embryo 20-22hr    15822 embryo 22-24hr    13150 larva L1    10583 larva L2    8782 larva L3 12hr old    5730 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3628 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1016 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    536 white prepupae new    211 white prepupae 12hr    463 white prepupae 24hr    301 pupae 2d postWPP    386 pupae 3d postWPP    634 pupae 4d postWPP    448 adult male 01day    3167 adult male 05day    2300 adult male 30day    1796 adult female 01day    5803 adult female 05day    6413 adult female 30day    6549 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0027348    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0027348 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult midgut, adult heart, adult fat body, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, larval fat body, adult salivary gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0027348 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut    1468.1 Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body    1377.2 Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1625.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1551.7 Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut  (1468.1) Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head  (709.1) Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut  (782.8) Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body  (1377.2) Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart  (959.05) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1625.1) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1551.7) Adult Ovary  (701.7) Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (548.2) Adult Carcass  (932.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut  (1468.1) Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body  (1377.2) Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1625.1) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1551.7) Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut    1468.1 Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body    1377.2 Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1625.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1551.7 Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0027348 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut    1468.1 Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body    1377.2 Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1625.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1551.7 Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut  (1468.1) Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head  709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut  782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body  (1377.2) Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart  (959.05) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (1625.1) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (1551.7) Adult Ovary  701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland  548.2 Adult Carcass  (932.1) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut  1468.1 Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body  1377.2 Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  1625.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  1551.7 Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    15.325 Larval Midgut    1468.1 Larval Hindgut    156.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    158.9 Larval Salivary Gland    40.6 Larval Trachea    41.6 Larval Carcass    83.775 Adult Head    709.1 Adult Eye    335.55 Adult Brain    49.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3 Adult Crop    339 Adult Midgut    782.8 Adult Hindgut    404.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    124.3 Adult Fat Body    1377.2 Adult Salivary Gland    193.3 Adult Heart    959.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1625.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1551.7 Adult Ovary    701.7 Adult Testis    37.2 Adult Male Accessory Gland    548.2 Adult Carcass    932.1 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    709.1   NA  Eye    335.55   NA  Brain    49.9   15.325  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    58.3   NA  Crop    339   1468.1  Midgut    782.8   156.2  Hindgut    404.3   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    124.3   158.9  Fat Body    1377.2   40.6  Salivary Gland    193.3   NA  Heart    959.05   41.6  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    1625.1   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    1551.7   NA  Ovary    701.7   NA  Testis    37.2   NA  Male Accessory Gland    548.2   83.775  Carcass    932.1 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_20
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0027348 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4501-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for bgm Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 bgmGD11331 semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 bgmGD11331 viable bgmEY03176 Sterility Allele fertile bgmEY03176 Other Phenotypes Allele aging defective | recessive bgm1 visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 bgmGD11331 visual behavior defective | recessive bgm1 Phenotype manifest in Allele lamina bgm1 mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 bgmGD11331 optic lobe bgm1 photoreceptor cell & axon bgm1 retina & cell body bgm1
Classical Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of bgm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion bgm1 P-element activity 1 Yes bgmBG01356 P-element activity 1 -- bgmd00529 P-element activity 1 -- bgmd09065 P-element activity 1 -- bgmDG20403 1 -- bgmEY03176 P-element activity 1 -- bgmf00439 piggyBac transposase 1 -- bgmk09909 P-element activity 1 -- bgmd00592 P-element activity 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of bgm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion bgmGD11331 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes bgmJF03054 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes bgmKK101145 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel8032 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)b84h50 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD11331} NA P{KK101145} NA P{TRiP.JF03054} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{GT1}bgmBG01356 NA P{wHy}bgmDG20403 NA PBac{WH}bgmf00439 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}bgmEY03176 NA P{XP}bgmd00529 NA P{XP}bgmd00592 NA P{XP}bgmd09065 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}bgm1 No P{lacW}bgmk09909 No P{lacW}l(2)SH1380SH1380 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 2 unique terms )
	There is no information supporting a cellular component term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2008-03-20)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Min and Benzer, 1999)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
long-chain fatty acid metabolic process inferred from mutant phenotype (assigned by UniProtKB) (Min and Benzer, 1999)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
long-chain fatty acid-CoA ligase activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Ashburner et al., 1999) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI:NP_599216 (FlyBase, 1992-)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions bgm allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0027348 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44117
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF14276 Dere\GG23906 Dgri\GH11132 Dmoj\GI12714 Dper\GL21255 Dpse\GA18225 Dsec\GM15457 Dsim\GD23948 Dvir\GJ18165 Dwil\GK15027 Dyak\GE19019
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA18225
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL005740-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP008596-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_624225.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945956.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 228268 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 254146 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA003709-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000043854 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSCAFP00000027617 Canis familiaris (dog) CMG147C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) CPIJ010493 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000001415 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 161718 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0190808 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 187637 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000083765 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000015215 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000010091 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000002679 Gallus gallus (chicken) 90723 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000252669 Homo sapiens (human) 234625 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 38583 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000001733 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000024921 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000034822 Mus musculus (house mouse) 231022 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001606071.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009979 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000001543 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) 29591 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PHUM004763-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000007595 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 48825 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 132768 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) ENSPTRP00000017616 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000016104 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 49993 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_967873.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000002072 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000043041 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3689.m00002 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000021525 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB16057 NV14968 LH21980 FBgn0236386 FBgn0217032 FBgn0205330 FBgn0195312 FBgn0170375 JGI_V11_187637 JGI_V11_314088 FBgn0078232 FBgn0158848 FBgn0135471 FBgn0118613 FBgn0116045 FBgn0091303 CPIJ010493 BGIBMGA003709 ACYPI005746 GB12567 AGAP008596 AAEL005740 PHUM039170 GLEAN_04625
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	28120 w*; P{lacW}bgm1/CyO 12755 w1118; P{GT1}bgmBG01356 21732 y1 w67c23; P{wHy}bgmDG20403 19994 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}bgmEY03176 28639 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03054}attP2/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- P{XP}bgmd00529 - P{XP}bgmd09065 - PBac{WH}bgmf00439
Kyoto	102726 y1 w67c23 ; P{lacW}bgmk09909 / CyO
VDRC	v105635 P{KK101145}VIE-260B v34853 w1118; P{GD11331}v34853 v34854 w1118; P{GD11331}v34854
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR09N24 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 57 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM14009
Other clones	FI05443
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH01357 GH02258 GH02862 GH12669 GH24329 GH25919 GH26167 GM08372 HL05723 LD02830 LD10778 LD35862 LD36347 LD39768 LP14350 LP24257 RE03872 RE04063 RE04853 RE06076 RE11750 RE12380 RE17823 RE24080 RE29713 RE30196 RE33083 RE38931 RE56231 RE56667 RE62649 RE65634
Other clones	28462 bs13g12 CK01.69B.D4 CK01.69B.D6 Dmel_dig_006504_0599_0896 Dmel_neb_005243_0862_3737 EK055446 EK065336 EK291608 RP004109348 RP004203278 RP004205096 RP004237824 RP004256209 RP004258093 RP004343047 RP004461615 RP004483463 RP004485040 RP004495688 RP004539282 RP004548036 SD27327
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0027348 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44117
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	The appellation bubblegum refers to the bubbly appearance of the lamina in the mutant. bgm mutant flies provide a potential model system for studying mechanisms of neurodegenerative disease and screening drugs for treatment of ALD. (Min and Benzer, 1999)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: BG:DS01514.2 CG4501 (Kodira, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079959 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524698 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA202657 AA391612 AA696773 AA698803 AA803692 AAF53368 AAM48344 AE003408 AI062220 AI062891 AI064646 AI404572 AI518984 AI945524 AQ025909 AY118315 BH023729 CL610130 CZ471647 CZ471684 CZ476540 CZ482905 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 44117 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9V3S9
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • AMP-dependent synthetase/ligase (IPR000873)
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0027348 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0027348 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0027348 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4501-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0027348 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 44117 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL005740-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP008596-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_624225.2 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945956.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) 228268 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) 254146 Branchiostoma floridae (lancelet) BGIBMGA003709-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000043854 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSCAFP00000027617 Canis familiaris (dog) CMG147C Cyanidioschyzon merolae (red alga) CPIJ010493 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000001415 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) 161718 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) DDB0190808 Dictyostelium discoideum (amoeba) 187637 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000083765 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000015215 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000010091 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000002679 Gallus gallus (chicken) 90723 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000252669 Homo sapiens (human) 234625 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 38583 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000001733 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000024921 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000034822 Mus musculus (house mouse) 231022 Nematostella vectensis (starlet anemone) XP_001606071.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000009979 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000001543 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) 29591 Ostreococcus tauri (green alga) PHUM004763-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000007595 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 48825 Phytophthora ramorum (sudden oak death pathogen) 132768 Phytophthora sojae (root rot pathogen) ENSPTRP00000017616 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000016104 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) 49993 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_967873.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000002072 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000043041 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) 3689.m00002 Tetrahymena thermophila (ciliate protozoa) ENSXETP00000021525 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 44117 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0027348 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB16057 NV14968 LH21980 FBgn0236386 FBgn0217032 FBgn0205330 FBgn0195312 FBgn0170375 JGI_V11_187637 JGI_V11_314088 FBgn0078232 FBgn0158848 FBgn0135471 FBgn0118613 FBgn0116045 FBgn0091303 CPIJ010493 BGIBMGA003709 ACYPI005746 GB12567 AGAP008596 AAEL005740 PHUM039170 GLEAN_04625
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	2a9hom (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12) BG:DS0514.2 (Ashburner et al., 1999) BG:DS01514.2 (Ashburner et al., 1999.10.12, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999, Ashburner et al., 1999, ) bgm (Bhutkar et al., 2008, Sivatchenko and Letsou, 2006, Moorman et al., 2006, Sivatchenko and Letsou, 2007, Sivatchenko and Letsou, 2008, FlyBase Curators, 2008, Bushati et al., 2008, Ren et al., 2011, Ellis and Carney, 2010, Reis et al., 2010) CG4501 (Bhutkar et al., 2008, Klebes et al., 2005, Oba et al., 2004, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Ellis and Carney, 2010) unnamed (Spradling et al., 1999)
Name Synonym	bubblegum (Min and Benzer, 1999, Barinaga, 1999, Sivatchenko and Letsou, 2006, Morozova et al., 2006, Ellis and Carney, 2010, Pospisilik et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0027881 FBgn0028908
References ( 48 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 48 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 16 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 3 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 7 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) News article  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 4 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Ren et al., 2011, Hum. Mol. Genet. 20(17): 3424--3436 A Drosophila model of the neurodegenerative disease SCA17 reveals a role of RBP-J/Su(H) in modulating the pathological outcome. [FBrf0214639] Ellis and Carney, 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 558 Mating alters gene expression patterns in Drosophila melanogaster male heads. [FBrf0212156] Pospisilik et al., 2010, Cell 140(1): 148--160 Drosophila genome-wide obesity screen reveals hedgehog as a determinant of brown versus white adipose cell fate. [FBrf0212676] Reis et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(11): e1001206 A buoyancy-based screen of Drosophila larvae for fat-storage mutants reveals a role for sir2 in coupling fat storage to nutrient availability. [FBrf0212335] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...