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Gene Dmel\spd-2

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\spd-2	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	spindle defective 2	Annotation symbol	CG17286
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0027500
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Also Known As	DSPD-2, D-SPD2, spd2, DSpd2, Cep192
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	73A10-73A11	Sequence location	3L:16,584,307..16,588,114 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene spindle defective 2 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\spd-2 (CG17286, FBgn0027500). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: centrosome organization; astral microtubule organization; sperm aster formation; mitotic spindle organization. 6 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: onion stage spermatid; primary spermatocyte; spermatid; centrosome; spermatocyte; aster; spermatozoon. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult testis. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631543_at aligns to a genomic region shared by exons of 2 FlyBase-annotated genes; hence it is impossible to interpret the expression pattern and levels of tra expression signal. See the GBrowse view of tra to determine the overlapping gene(s). Gene sequence location is 3L:16584307..16588114.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 73A10-73A11   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j10E8j10E8&P{PZ}l(3)1053210532 and P{PZ}Baldspot02281
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 73B-73B     (McKeown et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\spd-2 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Low-frequency RNA-seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) spd-2-RA FBtr0075363  NM_140649   3686   1146
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	2.9, 1.9 (northern blot) (McKeown et al., 1987)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein spd-2-PA   FBpp0075122   124.5   1146   6.14     NP_648906   AAF49440
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA820804   AE014296 AAF49440   AF145687 AAD38662   AI259609   AI455523   AI455990   AI514971   AI515362   AI518879   AI520475   AI530873   AI531020   AI541712   BF496151   BF506065   BG639209   BI355338   BT010262   CO295600   CO301103   CO313796   CO320540   CO327615   CO340405   EC064057   EC064067   EC067233   EC072331   EC086254   EC087833   EC088752   EC200009   EC201839   EC258086   EC259268   EV588722   EV588927   EV597573
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VV79
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage     • centrosome (Dix and Raff, 2007) larval stage   embryonic/larval brain   • centrosome (Dix and Raff, 2007) Comment:during mitosis adult stage | male   primary spermatocyte   • centriole (Dix and Raff, 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
centriole inferred from direct assay (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007) centrosome inferred from direct assay (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007) pericentriolar material inferred from direct assay (Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult testis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary  (902.5) Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary  (902.5) Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    213.7 Larval Midgut    25.6 Larval Hindgut    26.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    15 Larval Fat Body    41.2 Larval Salivary Gland    26.1 Larval Trachea    70.65 Larval Carcass    46.1 Adult Head    9 Adult Eye    5.575 Adult Brain    3.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7 Adult Crop    10 Adult Midgut    25.4 Adult Hindgut    15.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.9 Adult Fat Body    9.9 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    3.325 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    12 Adult Ovary    902.5 Adult Testis    178.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.2 Adult Carcass    29.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    9   NA  Eye    5.575   NA  Brain    3.4   213.7  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    5.7   NA  Crop    no informative data   no informative data  Midgut    no informative data   no informative data  Hindgut    no informative data   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   no informative data  Fat Body    9.9   26.1  Salivary Gland    4.2   NA  Heart    3.325   70.65  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    902.5   NA  Testis    178.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   46.1  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (86) ovary, mated 4-day female  (68) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (86) ovary, mated 4-day female  (68) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    14 central nervous system, larvae L3    8 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    0 head, virgin 4-day female    0 head, virgin 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    0 head, mated 20-day female    0 head, mated 1-day male    0 head, mated 4-day male    0 head, mated 20-day male    1 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    1 digestive system, 1-day adult    1 digestive system, 4-day adult    3 digestive system, 20-day adult    2 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    2 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    1 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    3 ovary, virgin 4-day female    86 ovary, mated 4-day female    68 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    122 embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (122) embryo 02-04hr  (31) embryo 04-06hr  (48) embryo 06-08hr  (44) embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day  26 adult female 05day  (61) adult female 30day  (67) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (122) embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    122 embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    122 embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (122) embryo 02-04hr  31 embryo 04-06hr  (48) embryo 06-08hr  (44) embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day  26 adult female 05day  (61) adult female 30day  (67) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  122 embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    122 embryo 02-04hr    31 embryo 04-06hr    48 embryo 06-08hr    44 embryo 08-10hr    22 embryo 10-12hr    8 embryo 12-14hr    4 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    2 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    2 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    4 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    6 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    5 white prepupae new    5 white prepupae 12hr    11 white prepupae 24hr    9 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    4 adult male 01day    4 adult male 05day    7 adult male 30day    5 adult female 01day    26 adult female 05day    61 adult female 30day    67 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4  (34) embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (31) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS  (34) ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4  (34) embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS  (34) ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    24 Schneider line 2 Sg4    34 embryonic 1182-4H    19 embryonic GM2    15 embryonic Kc167    14 embryonic S1    18 embryonic S3    13 leg disc CME L1    25 wing disc CME-W2    13 wing disc ML-DmD8    13 wing disc ML-DmD9    16 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    9 wing disc ML-DmD21    15 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    31 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    17 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    17 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    13 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    23 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    6 ovary fGS/OSS    34 ovary OSC    17 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (60) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (51) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (60) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (37) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (35) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    11 cold shock, 4-day adult    7 heat shock, 4-day adult    20 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    51 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    13 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    60 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    37 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    35 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_06 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD24702 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0027500 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17286-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | embryonic stage | non-rescuable maternal effect | recessive spd-2G20143 lethal | maternal effect spd-2G20143 lethal | maternal effect (with Df(3L)st-j7) spd-2G20143 viable spd-2G20143 spd-2z3-3316 spd-2z3-5711 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 spd-2GD14889 Sterility Allele female sterile | recessive spd-2z3-3316 spd-2z3-5711 male sterile spd-2G20143 male sterile (with Df(3L)st-j7) spd-2G20143 male sterile | recessive spd-2z3-3316 spd-2z3-5711 Other Phenotypes Allele uncoordinated spd-2z3-3316 spd-2z3-5711 Phenotype manifest in Allele aster spd-2z3-5711 spd-2z3-3316 aster (with Df(3L)st-j7) spd-2z3-5711 centriole | ectopic spd-2G20143 centrosome (with Df(3L)st-j7) spd-2z3-5711 onion stage spermatid spd-2G20143 primary spermatocyte (with Df(3L)st-j7) spd-2z3-5711 spermatid spd-2z3-5711 spd-2z3-3316 spermatocyte spd-2z3-5711 spd-2z3-3316 spd-2G20143 spermatozoon spd-2z3-5711 spd-2z3-3316
Classical Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of spd-2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion spd-2G20143 0 Yes spd-2z3-3316 0 Yes spd-2z3-5711 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of spd-2 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion spd-2GD14889 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes spd-2KK110116 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes spd-2Ubi.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)st-g24 (Giansanti et al., 2008) Df(3L)st-j7 (Giansanti et al., 2008)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)st7P (Giansanti et al., 2008)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD17766} NA P{KK110116} NA characterization construct P{Ubi-spd-2-GFP} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}spd-2G20143 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
astral microtubule organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Giansanti et al., 2008) centrosome organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Müller et al., 2010, Dobbelaere et al., 2008) mitotic spindle organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Goshima et al., 2007) sperm aster formation inferred from mutant phenotype (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
centriole inferred from direct assay (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007) centrosome inferred from direct assay (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007) pericentriolar material inferred from direct assay (Dobbelaere et al., 2008)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
spd-2 - Atx2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions spd-2 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65152 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0027500 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0027500 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39850
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (32) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG61RQDC Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6WM52Q Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6BZKXF Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG69W0W6 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG61RQDC)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\spd-2     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12457     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM24385     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15868     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22207     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10517     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA14442     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL17978     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK21193     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ12459     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI16715     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16460
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6WM52Q)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009238   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP004825   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ008536
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6BZKXF)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB45229   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG009229   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH14606   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP19096   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18418   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13374   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH16624   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15265   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV13951   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11293   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV11285   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI002797   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM415060   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC030648
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG69W0W6)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\JGI_V11_272103   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Pbrm1   Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\ndhF
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
VDRC	v101882 P{KK110116}VIE-260B v36623 w1118; P{GD14889}v36623/TM3 v36624 w1118; P{GD14889}v36624/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR08H06 BACR11G05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 35 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD24702 RE28434
Other clones	DPiM_LD24702
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT08433 AT09869 GM30433 LD35295 LD35787 LD40649 LD46620 LP03063 SD01622 SD01874 SD06751
Other clones	29275 54683 65827 77528 77646 82263 103714 144895 180882 214243.61 214443.56 Dmel_neb_011348_0204_0367 Dmel_neb_013661_0844_2438 Dmel_neb_013676_0107_3309 EK180056 EK210919 EK234106 EK286033 EP07711 EP10560 LD47151
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0027500 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39850
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Dix and Raff, 2007, Rodrigues-Martins et al., 2007, Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: spd-2 CG17286 (Goshima et al., 2007)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments	CR18217 appears to be a chimeric gene, with the 5' part of the gene derived from spd-2 and the 3' part of the gene derived from CG4098. (Rogers and Hartl, 2012) "CG18217" is a putative chimeric gene derived from the "spd-2" and "CG4098" genes (where coding sequences of the two parental genes contribute to the coding sequence of the chimeric gene). (Rogers et al., 2009)
Other Comments
	spd-2 is required for efficient recruitment of pericentriolar material. (Dobbelaere et al., 2008) spd-2 is required for pericentriolar material recruitment and astral microtubule nucleation in both neuroblasts and spermatocytes. (Giansanti et al., 2008) spd-2 is essential for proper pericentriolar material recruitment to the sperm centriole, and hence for microtubule nucleation and pronuclear fusion. (Dix and Raff, 2007) RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes decreased γ-tubulin staining at the spindle pole when assayed in S2 cells. This phenotype can be observed when the screen is performed with or without Cdc27 dsRNA. (Goshima et al., 2007) Transcription unit defined during molecular analysis of tra gene region. (McKeown et al., 1987)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_140649 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_648906 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA820804 AAD38662 AAF49440 AF145687 AI455523 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 39850 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VV79
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD24702
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65152 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0027500 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0027500 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0027500 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0027500 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG17286-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0027500 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39850 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /genebrief/spd-2.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39850 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0027500
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 22 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	anon-73Ba   BcDNA:LD24702 (Giot et al., 2003, ) Cep192 (Przewloka et al., 2011) CEP192 (Carvalho-Santos et al., 2010) CG17286 (Rogers and Hartl, 2012, Goshima et al., 2007, Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007, Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CG17286-PA (Rogers et al., 2009) D-SPD2 (Riparbelli and Callaini, 2011) DSPD-2 (Martins et al., 2010, Rodrigues-Martins et al., 2007, Riparbelli et al., 2012) DSpd-2 (Giansanti et al., 2008, Dix and Raff, 2007, Dix and Raff, 2007, Wainman et al., 2009, Conduit et al., 2010) D-Spd2 (Dobbelaere et al., 2008, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2010) Dspd-2 (Bucciarelli et al., 2009) DSpd2 (Bucciarelli et al., 2009) dSpd2 (Przewloka et al., 2011) Dspd2 (Reschen et al., 2012) Spd-2 (Goshima et al., 2007, Goshima et al., 2007, Dix and Raff, 2007, Mottier-Pavie and Megraw, 2009, Yuan et al., 2012, Delgehyr et al., 2012) spd-2 (Habermann et al., 2012, Korenjak et al., 2012) SPD-2 (Rodrigues-Martins et al., 2007, Giansanti et al., 2008, Anderson et al., 2009) spd2 (Rogers et al., 2009) Spd2 (Riparbelli and Callaini, 2010) SPD2 (Carvalho-Santos et al., 2010) unnamed (Belote et al., 1989, McKeown et al., 1987)
Name Synonym	CG17286   spindle defective 2
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0014928
References ( 42 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 42 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 29 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 11 )
	Delgehyr et al., 2012, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109(15): 5729--5734 Drosophila Mgr, a Prefoldin subunit cooperating with von Hippel Lindau to regulate tubulin stability. [FBrf0218047] Fu and Glover, 2012, Open Biol. 2(8): 120104 Structured illumination of the interface between centriole and peri-centriolar material. [FBrf0219444] Habermann et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(17): 3554--3569 Functional Analysis of Centrosomal Kinase Substrates in Drosophila melanogaster Reveals a New Function of the Nuclear Envelope Component Otefin in Cell Cycle Progression. [FBrf0219185] Korenjak et al., 2012, Mol. Cell. Biol. 32(21): 4375--4387 RBF Binding to both Canonical E2F Targets and Noncanonical Targets Depends on Functional dE2F/dDP Complexes. [FBrf0219643] Krauchunas et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 370(1): 125--134 Protein phosphorylation changes reveal new candidates in the regulation of egg activation and early embryogenesis in D. melanogaster. [FBrf0219342] Reschen et al., 2012, Biol. Open 1(5): 422--429 Dgp71WD is required for the assembly of the acentrosomal Meiosis I spindle, and is not a general targeting factor for the γ-TuRC. [FBrf0220171] Riparbelli et al., 2012, Dev. Cell 23(2): 425--432 Assembly and persistence of primary cilia in dividing Drosophila spermatocytes. [FBrf0219210] Rogers and Hartl, 2012, Mol. Biol. Evol. 29(2): 517--529 Chimeric Genes as a Source of Rapid Evolution in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217452] Yuan et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 361(1): 57--67 Regulation of cyclin A localization downstream of Par-1 function is critical for the centrosome orientation checkpoint in Drosophila male germline stem cells. [FBrf0216861] Przewloka et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(5): 399--405 CENP-C Is a Structural Platform for Kinetochore Assembly. [FBrf0213151] Riparbelli and Callaini, 2011, Dev. Biol. 349(2): 427--439 Male gametogenesis without centrioles. [FBrf0212739] Show all research papers ...