FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\MP1
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\MP1
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Melanization Protease 1
Annotation Symbol
CG1102
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0027930
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
Melanization Protease 1 (MP1) encodes a serine protease which plays an essential role in the melanization immune response, by acting downstream of Sp7 to activate PPO1. It may function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1-activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins: Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77Ba in the trachea. [Date last reviewed: 2020-01-16] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

BEST:GH02921

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.1
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:4307908..4309835
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from high throughput direct assay
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from mutant phenotype
involved_in response to fungus
inferred from high throughput expression pattern
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000667087
involved_in proteolysis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001254, InterPro:IPR018114
inferred from sequence model
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in extracellular space
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000667087
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the peptidase S1 family. CLIP subfamily. (A0A126GUP6)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Melanization Protease 1 (MP1) encodes a serine protease which plays an essential role in the melanization immune response, by acting downstream of Sp7 to activate PPO1. It may function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1-activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins: Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77Ba in the trachea. [Date last reviewed: 2020-01-16]
Pathway (FlyBase)
EXTRACELLULAR SPATZLE ACTIVATING PATHWAY CORE COMPONENTS -
In Drosophila, activation of the Toll pathway is controlled by the generation of a cleaved, active, Toll-binding form of spatzle ligand. Proteolytic activation of spatzle ligand lies downstream of several zymogen activation cascades that are initiated by different cues. In dorsal-ventral patterning, localized activation of spz results in ventral nuclear accumulation of dl. During viral and fungal and gram positive bacterial immune challenge, zymogen cascades are activated by extracellular pattern recognition receptors or virulence factor-mediated cleavage of the zymogen persephone (psh). (Adapted from FBrf0091014 and FBrf0223077).
Gene Group (FlyBase)
S1A SERINE PROTEASES - TRYPSIN-LIKE -
Trypsin-like serine proteases of the S1A family are endopeptidases that cleave amide substrates following Arginine or Lysine at the P1 position. (Adapted from FBrf0239469).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Serine protease which plays an essential role in the melanization immune response by acting downstream of sp7 to activate prophenoloxidase (PPO1) (PubMed:16861233). May function in diverse Hayan-dependent PPO1-activating cascades that are negatively controlled by different serpin proteins; Spn27A in the hemolymph and Spn77BA in the trachea (PubMed:16861233, PubMed:18854145). Regulation of melanization and PPO1 activation appears to be largely independent of the Toll signaling pathway (PubMed:16861233).
(UniProt, A0A126GUP6)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\MP1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
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end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
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end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A126GUP6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.43

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.54

Gene model reviewed during 6.07

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0078903
1468
390
FBtr0300936
1495
399
FBtr0445313
1498
400
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0078543
43.7
390
6.68
FBpp0290158
44.6
399
6.88
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Domain

The clip domain consists of 35-55 residues which are 'knitted' together usually by 3 conserved disulfide bonds forming a clip-like compact structure.

(UniProt, A0A126GUP6)
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\MP1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.06

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\MP1 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of MP1
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of MP1
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (112)
2 of 14
Yes
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Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (107)
2 of 14
Yes
No
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Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (119)
2 of 14
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Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (67)
2 of 13
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Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (92)
3 of 14
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Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (17)
3 of 14
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2 of 14
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No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (302)
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
5 of 12
Yes
No
5 of 12
Yes
No
5 of 12
Yes
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
4 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
Yes
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
3 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
2 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
Yes
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:MP1. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (245)
8 of 13
8 of 13
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3 of 13
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1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    Interaction Browsers

    Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    External Links
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-47.1
    Cytogenetic map
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    82A3-82A3
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0273302733 and P{EP}EP974
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (4)
    Genomic Clones (23)
    cDNA Clones (40)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Cell Line Information
            Publicly Available Cell Lines
             
              Other Stable Cell Lines
               
                Other Comments

                MP1 is required to activate melanisation in response to both bacterial and fungal infection.

                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: MP1 CG1102

                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 47 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                References (60)