FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\ATPsynδ
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ATPsynδ
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
ATP synthase, δ subunit
Annotation Symbol
CG2968
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0028342
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
5 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(1)G0230, lethal (1) G0230, l (1) G0230

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
9B4-9B4
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-31
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:10212970..10217393
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
contributes_to proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q12165
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000352454
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001469
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in proton motive force-driven ATP synthesis
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001469, InterPro:IPR020546
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with SGD:S000002162
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000352454
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Alonso et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q12165
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
part_of proton-transporting ATP synthase complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q12165
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
non-traceable author statement
(Porcelli et al., 2007)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
proton-transporting ATP synthase activity, rotational mechanism
RHEA 57722:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V - CENTRAL STALK -
Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane. It consists of two structural domains: the F[[1]] sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F[[0]] sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. The F[[1]] sector is composed of three copies each of subunits alpha and beta, which form the catalytic core that synthesizes ATP, and one each of subunits gamma, delta and epsilon, which constitute the central stalk. (Adapted from PMID:21874297.)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) across the inner mitochondrial membrane generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. It is an F-type ATPase and consists of two structural domains: the F1 sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F0 sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons pass from the inter membrane space to the matrix through F0, which transfers the energy created by the proton-motive force to F1 where ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using a rotational mechanism. (Adapted from PMID:23356252 and PMID:21874297).
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX V -
Mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V) synthesizes ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the energy provided by the proton electrochemical gradient (proton-motive force) across the inner mitochondrial membrane generated by electron transport complexes of the respiratory chain. It is an F-type ATPase and consists of two structural domains: the F1 sector, a soluble portion situated in the mitochondrial matrix, and the F0 sector, which spans the inner mitochondrial membrane. Protons pass from the inter membrane space to the matrix through F0, which transfers the energy created by the proton-motive force to F1 where ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using a rotational mechanism. (Adapted from PMID:23356252 and PMID:21874297).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ATPsynδ for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W2X6)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Antisense UTR: 3' UTR overlaps CG2962 on opposite strand.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ATPsynδ-RA
FBtr0071438
NM_132382
666
157
ATPsynδ-RB
FBtr0332896
NM_001272468
978
157
ATPsynδ-RC
FBtr0343981
NM_001298145
3817
157
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ATPsynδ-PA
FBpp0071373
16.7
157
5.78
Q9W2X6
NP_572610
AAF46561
ATPsynδ-PB
FBpp0305117
16.7
157
5.78
Q9W2X6
NP_001259397
AGB95240
ATPsynδ-PC
FBpp0310433
16.7
157
5.78
Q9W2X6
NP_001285074
AHN59544
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

157 aa isoforms: ATPsynδ-PA, ATPsynδ-PB, ATPsynδ-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ATPsynδ using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.54

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in mitochondrion
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Alonso et al., 2005)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ATPsynδ in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ATPsynδ
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ATPsynδ
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene duplicated in
Dp(1;3)DC221
(Popodi et al., 2010-, Venken et al., 2010)
Inferred from location ( 10 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\ATP5F1D
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
 
4  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Atp5f1d
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Atp5d
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\atp5f1d
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\atp5f1d
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\F58F12.1
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007841
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT5G47030
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\atpE
3 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\ATP16
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\atp16
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (1)
Ecol\atpC
8 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ATPsynδ. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
ATP5F1D; ATP synthase F1 subunit delta
14 of 14
603150
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
ATPsynδ
Hsap\ATP5F1D
(Oláhová et al., 2018)
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
ATPsynδ - ATPsynB
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynCF6
experimental knowledge based, blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynD
experimental knowledge based, blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynE
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynF
experimental knowledge based, blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynG
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynO
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynβ
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - ATPsynγ
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - Adh
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - CG9662
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - Cpr78E
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting
(Rahman et al., 2014)
ATPsynδ - Cs1
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - GstS1
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - Jwa
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - Ost48
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - Tm2
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - blw
blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - porin
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ATPsynδ - sun
experimental knowledge based, blue native page, peptide massfingerprinting
(Rahman et al., 2014, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Other Interaction Browsers
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
X
Recombination map
1-31
Cytogenetic map
9B4-9B4
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
9B4-9B4
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}nejEP1149&P{EP}nejEP1179 and P{EP}α-Man-IEP1628&P{EP}α-Man-IEP1307
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
9B1-9B8
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
(Peter et al., 2002, Schäfer et al., 1999.8.12)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

1-31

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-32.5

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (5)
Genomic Clones (23)
cDNA Clones (37)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of

        Source for merge of: l(1)G0230 CG2968

        (Peter et al., 2002)

        Source for merge of: l(1)G0230 anon-WO03040301.109 anon-WO03040301.110

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Additional comments

        Source for merge of l(1)G0230 anon-WO03040301.109 anon-WO03040301.110 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

        (FlyBase, 1996-)
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: ATPsynδ l(1)G0230

        (Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (14)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
        References (60)