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Gene Dmel\Lk

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Lk	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Leucokinin	Annotation symbol	CG13480
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0028418
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Also Known As	leucokinin, DLK, pp
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	70E2-70E2	Sequence location	3L:14,553,239..14,553,864 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Leucokinin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Lk (CG13480, FBgn0028418). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. It is reported to have molecular function: hormone activity; neuropeptide hormone activity; diuretic hormone activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: body fluid secretion. 4 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625059_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Leucokinin. Gene sequence location is 3L:14553239..14553864.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 70E2-70E2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Mpcp00564 and P{PZ}l(3)rO220rO220
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 70E1-70F4     (Terhzaz, 1999.10.5)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Lk for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Lk-RA FBtr0075722  NM_080154   626   160
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Lk-PA   FBpp0075465   18.3   160   8.63     NP_524893   AAF49731
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF49731   AC006496   AF192342 AAF20066   BG632387   BT023388   CO184020   EL869732   EL874079   EL874206
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P81829
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   ventral midline   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference third instar larval stage   neurosecretory neuron | subset of embryonic/larval protocerebrum | lateral & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) embryonic/larval corpus cardiacum | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) prothoracic gland | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) neurosecretory neuron | subset of embryonic/larval brain | dorso-lateral & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) neurosecretory neuron | subset of embryonic/larval subesophageal ganglion | restricted & ventral   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal neuromere | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) ventral nerve cord | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) larval lateral horn LHKL leucokinin neuron   (Herrero et al., 2003) larval leucokinin SELK neuron of the subesophageal ganglion   (Herrero et al., 2003) larval leucokinin ABLK neuron of the abdominal ganglion   (Herrero et al., 2003) adult stage   neurosecretory neuron | subset of adult protocerebrum | posterior & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) neurosecretory neuron | subset of lateral horn | posterior & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) superior lateral protocerebrum | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult protocerebrum | medial & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult mushroom body | medial & restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal neuromere | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) thoracico-abdominal ganglion | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult maxillary nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult frontal nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) subesophageal ganglion | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal segment 1 nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal segment 2 nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal segment 3 nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal segment 4 nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) abdominal segment 5 nerve | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) taste bristle | restricted & subset of wing   (de Haro et al., 2010) taste bristle | restricted & subset of femur   (de Haro et al., 2010) taste bristle | restricted & subset of tarsal segment   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult corpus cardiacum | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult midgut | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) chemosensory sensory organ | subset of adult pharynx | restricted   (de Haro et al., 2010) labellum sensillum | restricted & subset   (de Haro et al., 2010) adult lateral horn LHKL leucokinin neuron   (Herrero et al., 2003) adult leucokinin SELK neuron of the subesophageal ganglion   (Herrero et al., 2003) adult leucokinin ABLK neuron of the abdominal ganglion   (Herrero et al., 2003) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Lk is expressed in three to four neurons in the lateral protocerebrum of larval brains, named as the ALK neurons. Lk is expressed in a second group of neurons called the LHLK cells located on the lateral horn in adults and an equivalent position in larvae. Lk is expressed in the SELK neurons, which are present in group sof two or three pairs in the subesophageal ganglion. Seven pairs of abdominal neurons, called the LK cells, express Lk. (de Haro et al., 2010)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1537.5 Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1537.5) Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1537.5) Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1537.5 Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1537.5 Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1537.5) Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1537.5 Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    393.375 Larval Midgut    2.7 Larval Hindgut    7.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.8 Larval Fat Body    8.7 Larval Salivary Gland    4.9 Larval Trachea    2.95 Larval Carcass    4.475 Adult Head    54.7 Adult Eye    3.85 Adult Brain    165.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1537.5 Adult Crop    8.8 Adult Midgut    18.3 Adult Hindgut    8.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    6.9 Adult Fat Body    15.7 Adult Salivary Gland    13 Adult Heart    3.025 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    15.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3 Adult Ovary    6 Adult Testis    1.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    11 Adult Carcass    43.8 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    3.85   NA  Brain    165.7   393.375  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1537.5   NA  Crop    8.8   2.7  Midgut    no informative data   7.8  Hindgut    8.1   4.8  Malpighian Tubules    6.9   8.7  Fat Body    no informative data   4.9  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    3.025   2.95  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    5.3   NA  Ovary    6   NA  Testis    1.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   4.475  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    3 central nervous system, larvae L3    25 central nervous system, pupae P8    7 head, virgin 1-day female    2 head, virgin 4-day female    3 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    8 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day male    2 head, mated 4-day male    4 head, mated 20-day male    5 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    0 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    3 carcass, 1-day adult    5 carcass, 4-day adult    7 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 18-24 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the larval period, at stages throughout the pupal period, in stages of adults of both sexes. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    1 embryo 04-06hr    3 embryo 06-08hr    3 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    4 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    3 embryo 16-18hr    4 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    8 larva L1    11 larva L2    5 larva L3 12hr old    3 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    5 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    5 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    6 white prepupae new    6 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    6 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    12 adult male 30day    18 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    4 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    1 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    2 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_20 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • IP01853 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0028418 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG13480-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 LkGD6103 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Lk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion LkC275 1 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Lk Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion LkGD6103 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes LkJF01816 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes LkNIG.13480R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel6123 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data GAL4 construct P{Lk-GAL4.2.2} No UAS construct P{NIG.13480R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{3HPy+}LkC275 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
body fluid secretion inferred from direct assay (Terhzaz et al., 1999)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 5 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
diuretic hormone activity non-traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001) traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Baggerman et al., 2002) hormone activity non-traceable author statement (Hewes and Taghert, 2001) neuropeptide hormone activity non-traceable author statement (FlyBase, 1992-, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1999.12.15)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
calcium-mediated signaling non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1999.12.15) neuropeptide signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001) traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Baggerman et al., 2002)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Lk allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0028418
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (12) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6ZS9PQ Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6ZS9PQ)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\Lk     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD12616 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM24543 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG13722 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE20017 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF25194 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA12316 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL20987 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK10593 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11685 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI13818 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16805 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD12616 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM24543 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG13722 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE20017 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF25194 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA12316 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL20987 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK10593 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11685 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI13818 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16805
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	25798 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01816}attP2 16324 y1 w1118; PBac{3HPy+}LkC275
VDRC	v14091 w1118; P{GD6103}v14091
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR07K20 BACR14E19 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 6 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	IP01853
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH07663
Other clones	EC26925 IP01855 IP14139 IP14239
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0028418 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 47746
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Leucokinin CG13480 (Whitfield, 2000.5.17)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The Leucokinin peptide raises both fluid secretion rates and intracellular Ca2+ concentration in Malpighian tubules in vitro. (Terhzaz et al., 1999)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_080154 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524893 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF20066 AAF49731 AC006496 AF192342 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 47746 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P81829
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • IP01853
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0028418 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0028418 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0028418 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG13480-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0028418 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 47746 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0028418
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 18 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG13480 (Hewes and Taghert, 2001, Yew et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Cammarato et al., 2011) DLK (O'Donnell and Spring, 2000, Baggerman et al., 2002, Pollock et al., 2000, Terhzaz et al., 1999) Drm-KIN (vanden Broeck, 2001) leucokinin (Santos et al., 2007) Leucokinin (Herrero et al., 2003, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Veenstra et al., 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) Leuk (Al-Anzi et al., 2010) leukokinin (Melcher and Pankratz, 2005) LK (Hewes et al., 2003, Herrero et al., 2007, Hewes et al., 2006, Park et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2005, Johnson et al., 2008, Hector et al., 2009, Cognigni et al., 2011) Lk (Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Terhzaz et al., 2010) lk (de Haro et al., 2010, López-Arias et al., 2011) pp (Radford et al., 2002, Radford et al., 2002, Terhzaz et al., 1999)
Name Synonym	drosokinin (O'Donnell et al., 2003, Kim et al., 2006) Drosokinin (Radford et al., 2002, Terhzaz et al., 2010, Bowser and Tobe, 2006) kinin (Kim et al., 2006) Leucokinin (Herrero et al., 2003, Yew et al., 2009, Gauthier and Hewes, 2006, Wegener and Gorbashov, 2008, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, de Haro et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011, Terhzaz et al., 2010) leucokinin (Yang et al., 2000, Terhzaz, 1999.10.5, Santos et al., 2007, Park et al., 2008, Johnson et al., 2005, Veenstra, 2009, Johnson et al., 2008, Hector et al., 2009, López-Arias et al., 2011) Leucokinin-1 (Landgraf et al., 2003) Leukokinin (Herrero et al., 2007) leukokinin neuropeptide (Al-Anzi et al., 2010) myokinin-like (Vanden Broeck, 2001)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0036429
References ( 60 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 60 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 38 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Fontana and Crews, 2012, Dev. Biol. 372(1): 131--142 Transcriptome analysis of Drosophila CNS midline cells reveals diverse peptidergic properties and a role for castor in neuronal differentiation. [FBrf0219766] Cognigni et al., 2011, Cell Metab. 13(1): 92--104 Enteric neurons and systemic signals couple nutritional and reproductive status with intestinal homeostasis. [FBrf0212594] López-Arias et al., 2011, Peptides 32(3): 545--552 Blockade of the release of the neuropeptide leucokinin to determine its possible functions in fly behavior: Chemoreception assays. [FBrf0213007] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...