FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\trbl

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\trbl

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

tribbles

Annotation Symbol

CG5408

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0028978

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

25 publicly available

Gene Summary

tribbles (trbl) encodes the founding member of the Trib family of kinase-like proteins. It contributes to cell growth, cell migration and metabolism. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

trb

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

77C1-77C1

Sequence location

3L:20,396,288..20,401,609 [-]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:20396288..20401609

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein kinase inhibitor activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Das et al., 2014)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ATP binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

enables mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001121144

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

NOT enables protein kinase activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:16228

(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (11 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (10 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in glucose homeostasis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Das et al., 2014)

involved_in negative regulation of developmental growth

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Gerlach et al., 2019)

involved_in negative regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pi3K92E; FB:FBgn0015279

(Das et al., 2014)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Pten; FB:FBgn0026379

(Das et al., 2014)

involved_in negative regulation of lipid storage

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Das et al., 2014)

involved_in negative regulation of mitotic nuclear division

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:stg; FB:FBgn0003525

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

involved_in negative regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/protein kinase B signal transduction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Das et al., 2014)

involved_in positive regulation of cell size

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Das et al., 2014)

involved_in positive regulation of ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from direct assay

(Rorth et al., 2000)

involved_in regulation of cell cycle

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Mata et al., 2000)

involved_in ventral furrow formation

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:stg; FB:FBgn0003525

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001121144

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Das et al., 2014)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Das et al., 2014, Masoner et al., 2013)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001121144

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOKINASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. CAMK Ser/Thr protein kinase family. Tribbles subfamily. (Q9V3Z1)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

tribbles (trbl) encodes the founding member of the Trib family of kinase-like proteins. It contributes to cell growth, cell migration and metabolism. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of the Insulin-like Receptor signaling pathway suppress Insulin-like receptor (InR) activation or the activity of intracellular effectors. (Adapted from FBrf0232297, FBrf0230017 and FBrf0229989).

Gene Group (FlyBase)

UNCLASSIFIED PSEUDOKINASES -: This group comprises pseudokinases that do not classify under other groups in FlyBase.

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Adapter protein that negatively regulates different signaling pathways to coordinate cell differentiation, proliferation, migration and growth (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:10850494, PubMed:10949024, PubMed:23305818, PubMed:25329475). Functions by binding to key regulatory proteins and either blocks their activity or regulates their turnover by the proteasome (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:10850494, PubMed:10949024, PubMed:23305818, PubMed:25329475). In various developing tissues functions as a cell cycle regulator that mediates cell proliferation according to the requirements of the developmental program (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:10850494, PubMed:15581871). Acts by inducing the proteasomal degradation of the CD25 mitotic activators stg and twe at critical stages of development to delay entry into mitosis and thus mediate cell proliferation (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:10850494, PubMed:15581871, PubMed:23290551, PubMed:29025897). During gastrulation, negatively regulates stg to delay mitosis in the ventral region of the embryonic mesoderm thus allowing invagination to be completed before cell division takes place (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:10850494). Delaying stg-dependent mitosis during bristle development and in migrating germline pole cells also arrests their cell divisions, whereas in cystocytes it promotes their cell divisions (PubMed:10837248, PubMed:10850493, PubMed:15581871). Involved in the regulation of the mid-blastula transition; promotes the destruction of twe resulting in the cell cycle arrest in G2 of cycle 14 which delays mitosis and thus reduces cell proliferation allowing cell fate specification and morphogenesis to take place (PubMed:23290551). In germline cells, blocks border cell migration during oogenesis by binding to slbo/C/EBP and promoting its ubiquitination and degradation by the proteasome (PubMed:10949024, PubMed:23305818, PubMed:29025897). May function in a negative feedback loop with slbo to coordinate proper border cell migration (PubMed:23305818). During tissue growth negatively regulates insulin signaling by binding to Akt1 and blocking its phosphorylation-dependent activation (PubMed:25329475, PubMed:29025897). However it may also function downstream in the insulin signaling pathway, acting with Akt1 to direct foxo degradation (PubMed:25329475). Essential for the proper formation of operant place and aversive olfactory memories (PubMed:18430923, PubMed:28669782).

(UniProt, Q9V3Z1)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

serine/threonine kinase-like domain protein - regulates cell cycle - Tribbles pseudokinase is necessary for proper memory formation

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\trbl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9V3Z1)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

trbl-RA

FBtr0078235

NM_079933

2372

484

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

trbl-PA

FBpp0077893

54.1

484

5.13

Q9V3Z1

NP_524672

AAF51590

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with slbo (PubMed:10949024). Interacts with Akt1 (PubMed:25329475, PubMed:29025897).

(UniProt, Q9V3Z1)

Domain

The protein kinase domain is predicted to be catalytically inactive.

(UniProt, Q9V3Z1)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9V3Z1

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\trbl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

trbl_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.39

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | segmentally repeated

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 5

organism | ventral

(Mata et al., 2000)

embryonic stage 5 -- 6

mesectoderm | subset

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | intense | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral ectoderm

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 12

midline primordium | subset

(Kearney et al., 2004)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic optic lobe primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

midline primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

pars intercerebralis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

stomatogastric nervous system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

(Mata et al., 2000)

Additional Descriptive Data

Expression pattern inferred from unspecified enhancer trap line.

(Kearney et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S2 -- S10

follicle cell | restricted

(Masoner et al., 2013)

nurse cell

(Masoner et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

trbl is expressed with high levels in the main body follicle cells, and at low levels in the centripetaly migrating follicle cells and the border follicle cells.

(Masoner et al., 2013)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytosol

inferred from direct assay

(Das et al., 2014)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Das et al., 2014, Masoner et al., 2013)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{GawB}trbl^NP2097

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S10

follicle cell | subset

(Masoner et al., 2013)

centripetal follicle cell | faint

(Masoner et al., 2013)

border follicle cell | faint

(Masoner et al., 2013)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\trbl in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\trbl

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\trbl

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0028978

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43999/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0028978

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0028978

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0028978

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5408

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0028978

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\trbl

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 26 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 27 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of trbl

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of trbl

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)Exel6136

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Df(3L)rdgC-co2

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000, Mata et al., 2000, Seher, 2000.3.3)

Df(3L)ri-79c

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000, Mata et al., 2000, Seher, 2000.3.3)

Inferred from location ( 9 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal (with trbl^D3)

trbl^D13

lethal (with trbl^D13)

trbl^D3

lethal | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

trbl^{DNLK.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

partially lethal (with trbl^D3)

trbl^EP1119

partially lethal (with trbl^D13)

trbl^EP1119

partially lethal (with trbl^EP1119)

partially lethal | recessive

trbl^EP1119

partially lethal - majority die

partially lethal - majority die (with Df(3L)rdgC-co2)

partially lethal - majority die (with trbl^D3)

trbl^EP3519

partially lethal - majority die (with trbl^D13)

trbl^EP3519

partially lethal - majority die (with trbl^EP3519)

partially lethal - majority live

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

trbl^GD11640

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

trbl^GD11640

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

trbl^GD11640

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

trbl^GD11640

Sterility

Allele

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.mat.αTub67C}

female semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}, Scer\GAL4^VP16.otu, Scer\GAL4^nanos.PG

trbl^GL00275

female sterile

trbl^unspecified

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell migration | oogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6

abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

abnormal developmental rate | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

abnormal DNA repair | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ci.PU

trbl^UAS.cGa

abnormal memory

trbl^3-54

abnormal mitotic cell cycle

trbl^EP3519

abnormal mitotic cell cycle | recessive

trbl^EP1119

abnormal size | adult stage | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

abnormal size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

abnormal size | oogenesis

trbl^EP1119

decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

trbl^UAS.cMa

decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

trbl^UASp.cMa

decreased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

decreased cell size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

decreased occurrence of cell division

trbl^UAS.cMb

decreased occurrence of cell division | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

trbl^UAS.cMa

increased cell death | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^e16A

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

trbl^UAS.cMa

increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

increased cell size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

trbl^GD11640

increased occurrence of cell division | embryonic stage

trbl^EP3519

increased occurrence of cell division | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

trbl^UAS.cGa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^e16A

visible, with Scer\GAL4^e22c

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

trbl^UAS.cGa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

trbl^EP3519

visible, with Scer\GAL4^sd-SG29.1

trbl^UAS.cGa

wild-type

trbl^+tMa

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.12

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.15

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^hs.2sev

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^Kr.PM

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^prd.RG1

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^sd-SG29.1

trbl^EP3519

wild-type, with Scer\GAL4^twi.PG

trbl^EP3519

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^slbo.2.6

crossvein, with Scer\GAL4^e22c

cyst cell of ovary

trbl^EP1119

cyst cell of ovary (with Df(3L)rdgC-co2)

trbl^EP1119

cyst cell of ovary (with Df(3L)ri-79c)

trbl^EP1119

cyst cell of ovary | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

egg chamber, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

embryo | gastrula stage

trbl^EP1119

embryonic/larval fat body, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

trbl^{DNLK.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

embryonic/larval fat body | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

external sensory organ precursor cell I, with Scer\GAL4^neur-P72

trbl^UAS.cMb

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

trbl^UAS.cGa

fat body, with Scer\GAL4^ppl.PP

fat cell | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

germline cyst, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

trbl^EPg35131

interommatidial bristle, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

trbl^UAS.cGa

larva, with Scer\GAL4^r4

larval central brain, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

trbl^HMS04999

larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4^wor.PA

trbl^HMS04999

lipid droplet | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

macrochaeta

trbl^BG00964

macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^neur-P72

trbl^UAS.cMb

macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

trbl^EP3519

mesoderm anlage

trbl^EP1119

mitotic cell cycle

trbl^EP3519

mitotic domain 1

trbl^EP1119

mitotic domain 2

trbl^EP1119

mitotic domain 3

trbl^EP1119

mitotic domain 10

trbl^EP3519

nucleus | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^r4

nurse cell | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

trbl^UASp.cMa

oocyte

trbl^EP1119

oocyte (with Df(3L)rdgC-co2)

trbl^EP1119

oocyte (with Df(3L)ri-79c)

trbl^EP1119

oocyte | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

trbl^UASp.cMa

oocyte nucleus

trbl^EP1119

ovary, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

trbl^UASp.cMa

ovary (with trbl^D13)

trbl^EP3519

ovary (with trbl^EP3519)

trbl^D13

spermatogonial cyst, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

trbl^UASp.cMa

spermatogonium, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^neur-P72

trbl^UAS.cMb

tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

trbl^EP3519

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^neur-P72

trbl^UAS.cMb

trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4^sca-537.4

trbl^EP3519

ventral furrow

trbl^EP3519

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

trbl^UAS.Tag:FLAG

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

trbl^UAS.cGa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^e16A

wing blade posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

trbl^UAS.cMa

wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

wing disc anterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^ci.PU

trbl^UAS.cGa

wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^e22c

wing disc posterior compartment, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

trbl^UAS.cMa

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^e16A

wing hair, with Scer\GAL4^en-e16E

wing margin, with Scer\GAL4^sd-SG29.1

trbl^UAS.cGa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (23)

Hsap\TRIB2

13 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TRIB1

11 of 14

Yes

Hsap\TRIB3

10 of 14

Yes

Hsap\STK40

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)

Rnor\Trib1

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Trib2

11 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Trib3

10 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Stk40

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Rnor\Nuak1

1 of 14

Rnor\Prkaa2

1 of 14

Rnor\Tssk5

1 of 14

Yes

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (17)

Mmus\Trib2

13 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Trib1

11 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Trib3

9 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Stk40

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

Mmus\Nuak1

1 of 14

Mmus\Prkaa2

1 of 14

Mmus\Tssk5

1 of 14

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (16)

Xtro\trib1

9 of 13

Yes

Xtro\trib2

7 of 13

Yes

Xtro\stk40

2 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Yes

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (25)

Drer\trib3

11 of 14

Yes

Drer\trib1

10 of 14

Yes

Drer\trib2

10 of 14

Yes

Drer\stk40

3 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Yes

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

1 of 14

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)

Cele\aak-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\aak-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\air-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\mak-2

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\nipi-3

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\par-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\pig-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\sad-1

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\unc-82

1 of 14

Yes

Cele\ZK524.4

1 of 14

Yes

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (13)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010036

4 of 12

Yes

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010037

4 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Yes

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

1 of 12

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (26)

Atha\AT5G21222

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK4

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK5

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK9

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK12

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK13

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK15

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK16

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK17

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK20

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK23

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CIPK26

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CPK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CPK19

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\CPK31

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\GRIK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\KIN10

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\KIN11

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\PEPKR1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\PPCK1

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SIP3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SIP4

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SnRK1.3

1 of 13

Yes

Atha\SOS2

1 of 13

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)

Scer\GIN4

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\HSL1

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\KCC4

1 of 13

Yes

Scer\SNF1

1 of 13

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)

Spom\cdr1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\kin1

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ppk9

1 of 12

Yes

Spom\ssp2

1 of 12

Yes

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:trbl. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

SAK

1 of 13

sff

1 of 13

Sik3

1 of 13

Snrk

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

trbl^KK108667

model of glucose metabolism disease

CEA

(Popovic et al., 2023)

trbl^{R141Q.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

model of glucose metabolism disease

CEA

(Popovic et al., 2023, Fischer et al., 2017)

trbl^UAS.Tag:HA

model of glucose metabolism disease

CEA

(Popovic et al., 2023)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

trbl^UAS.cMa

ameliorates cancer

modeled by BacA\p35^UAS.cHa, Bub3^GD9924

(Muzzopappa et al., 2017)

modeled by Ras85D^V12.UAS, dlg1^GD4689

(Muzzopappa et al., 2017)

trbl^VDRC.cUa

ameliorates obesity

modeled by gbb^UAS.cKa

(Hong et al., 2016)

ameliorates diabetes mellitus

modeled by gbb^UAS.cKa

(Hong et al., 2016)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

TRIB2; tribbles pseudokinase 2

13 of 14

609462

TRIB1; tribbles pseudokinase 1

11 of 14

609461

TRIB3; tribbles pseudokinase 3

10 of 14

607898

STK40; serine/threonine kinase 40

3 of 14

609437

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:

Off

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

Select Layout:

Force Directed

Circle

Concentric

Legend:

Protein

RNA

Selected Interactor(s)

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-RNA

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

trbl - mir-ban

fluorescence technology

(Gerlach et al., 2019)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

trbl

two hybrid

(Masoner et al., 2013)

trbl - Akt

two hybrid, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, pull down, autoradiography

(Fischer et al., 2017, Das et al., 2014)

trbl - CG12708

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

trbl - slbo

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, two hybrid

(Fischer et al., 2017, Masoner et al., 2013, Rorth et al., 2000)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Show/hide secondary interactors
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

Other Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Das et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Insco et al., 2009)

trbl

enhanceable

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

trbl

enhanceable

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

trbl

suppressible

(Fichelson and Gho, 2004)

suppressible

(Das et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Mata et al., 2000)

trbl

enhanceable

stg

(Gawlinski et al., 2007)

trbl

enhanceable

Wee1

(Price et al., 2002)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Das et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Rollmann et al., 2006)

Bub3

suppressible

trbl

(Muzzopappa et al., 2017)

chb

enhanceable

trbl

(Lowery et al., 2010)

foxo

enhanceable

trbl

(Das et al., 2014)

enhanceable

trbl

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

suppressible

trbl

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

enhanceable

trbl

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

pbl

suppressible

trbl

(Gregory et al., 2007)

suppressible

(Das et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Muzzopappa et al., 2017)

slbo

suppressible

trbl

(Masoner et al., 2013, Rorth et al., 2000)

stg

suppressible

trbl

(Mata et al., 2000)

upd1

suppressible

trbl

(Mukherjee et al., 2006)

Wee1

enhanceable

trbl

(Price et al., 2002)

Wee1|Myt1

suppressible

trbl

(Price et al., 2002)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with slbo (PubMed:10949024). Interacts with Akt1 (PubMed:25329475, PubMed:29025897).

(UniProt, Q9V3Z1 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68764

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0028978

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43999

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43999

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Insulin-like Receptor Signaling Pathway

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V3Z1

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

77C1-77C1

Sequence location

3L:20,396,288..20,401,609 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

77C1-77C1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}eRF1⁰⁰¹⁰³ and P{EP}trbl^EP3519

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

77C1-77C2

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)

77C-77C

(Seher, 1999.11.15)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-43.6

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (25)

Genomic Clones (12)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (183)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

RH69304

Other clones

DPiM_RH69304

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0028978

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0028978

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Ito and Igaki, 2021, Masoner et al., 2013)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

trbl is required for turnover of slbo during border follicle cell migration.

(Masoner et al., 2013)

When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, an increase in the proportion of G1 phase cells, a whole range of mitotic abnormalities and spindle abnormalities are seen.

(Bettencourt-Dias et al., 2004)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

This locus may be part of a mechanism that inhibits mitosis in the ventral furrow region as long as the morphogenetic movement takes place.

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

In eggs that are deficient for this locus, the ventral cells divide even before the cells of the mitotic domain one, which are the first cells to go into the (first) zygotically controlled mitosis in wild-type eggs.

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

trbl is required for the ventral inhibition of mitosis that acts during gastrulation to counteract stg specifically in the cells that invaginate to form the mesoderm.

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

In embryos lacking trbl function, cells in the ventral domain are the first to enter mitosis, such that their pattern of stg RNA expression and the mitotic pattern match each other.

(Großhans and Wieschaus, 2000)

trbl specifically regulates stg protein turnover.

(Mata et al., 2000)

Mutations in trbl cause premature division in the embryonic mesoderm anlage and gastrulation defects.

(Mata et al., 2000)

trbl is involved in directing the timing of mitosis in the mesoderm.

(Seher and Leptin, 2000)

In trbl mutant embryos the mesoderm becomes the first domain to divide, now following stg instructions just like every other domain does. The consequence of this premature division is a strong gastrulation phenotype. The trbl phenotype is caused solely by untimely mitosis.

(Seher and Leptin, 2000)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: trbl CG5408

(Leptin, 2000.5.4, FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of trbl CG5408 was sequence comparison ( date:000516 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

The gene is named "tribbles" after the multiplying "tribbles" in "Star Trek".

(Greaves, 2000)

The gene tribbles is named after the fictional small round organisms that proliferate uncontrollably when they contact water.

(Seher and Leptin, 2000)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG5408

(Kumar et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2013, Lowery et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Norga et al., 2003, Brody et al., 2002, Leptin, 2000.5.4, Morrison et al., 2000)

Trbl

(Floc'hlay et al., 2023, Akhmanova et al., 2022, Noguchi et al., 2022, Dobens et al., 2021, Ito and Igaki, 2021, Nayak and Mishra, 2021, Sun et al., 2020, Das and Dobens, 2015, Das et al., 2014, Dobens and Dobens, 2013)

trb

(Hong et al., 2016, Insco et al., 2009, Insco et al., 2009)

trbl

(Cachoux et al., 2023, Ding et al., 2022, Karam et al., 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Pegoraro et al., 2022, Ostalé et al., 2021, López-Gay et al., 2020, Sun et al., 2020, Williams-Simon et al., 2020, Zhao et al., 2020, Gerlach et al., 2019, Otsuki and Brand, 2018, Fischer et al., 2017, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, LaFerriere and Zars, 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kockel et al., 2016, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Guirao et al., 2015, Ciglar et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Harbison et al., 2013, Masoner et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Axelsson et al., 2011, Lowery et al., 2010, Burgio et al., 2008, LaFerriere et al., 2008, Buszczak et al., 2007, Gawlinski et al., 2007, Quinones-Coello, 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Seher et al., 2007, Choksi et al., 2006, Mukherjee et al., 2006, Rollmann et al., 2006, Liebl and Featherstone, 2005)

tribbles

(Ferree et al., 2022, Martin, 2020)

Name Synonyms

Tribble

(Ding et al., 2020)

Tribbles

(Liu et al., 2021, Lim and Thiery, 2012)

Tribbless

(Noguchi et al., 2022)

tribble

(Gou et al., 2020)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0036983

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

43999

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9V3Z1

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9V3Z1

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9V3Z1

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0028978

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

43999/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0028978

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0028978

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0028978

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG5408

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

43999

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

68764

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0028978

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0028978

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0028978

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

trbl_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0028978

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0028978

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG5408

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0028978

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0028978

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC033074

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43999

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

43999

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9V3Z1

References (165)

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

-0.39

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