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Gene Dmel\fend

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\fend	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	forked end	Annotation symbol	CG12664
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0030090
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	12 publicly available
Also Known As	LD14
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	8C11-8C13	Sequence location	X:9,016,006..9,029,073 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene forked end is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\fend (CG12664, FBgn0030090). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: motor neuron axon guidance. 16 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: mesothoracic tergum. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval fat body, adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625249_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of fend. Gene sequence location is X:9016006..9029073.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 8C11-8C13   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG10962EP1565&P{EP}EP1030 and P{EP}EP1450&P{EP}EP1356
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 8D-8D     (Blanca-Postigo, 1999.12.1)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\fend for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	5' UTR contains an ORF described as a putative conserved uORF (FBrf0204849); potential peptide 41aa in length. Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) fend-RB FBtr0071349  NM_132300   3566   321 fend-RC FBtr0333304  NM_001272443   5074   321
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein fend-PB   FBpp0071284   34.6   321   8.65     NP_572528   AAF46447 fend-PC   FBpp0305496   34.6   321   8.65     NP_001259372   AGB95215
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201500   AA202513   AA438557   AA438559   AA439722   AA567358   AA698605   AE014298 AAF46447   AB065095 BAB83666   AF209858   AE014298 AGB95215   AI456117   AI514888   AI518815   AY119175 AAM51035   BG639006   BI240588   BI241275   BI573192   BI573193   BI579351   BI613771   BI628134   BI628414   BI640294   BQ103248   BQ103256   BT030985   CO190166   CO263626   CO264416   CO265749   CO278224   CO283535   CO288721   CO306920   CO308091   CO313279   CO322772   CO325278   CO341777   CZ481110   EC063427   EC065176   EC069082   EC069985   EC074558   EC194683   EC201448   EC201468   EC203711   EC208253   EC213157   EC221749   EC229912   EC233128   EC244231   EC258673   EV575110   EV575207   EV575552   EV577509   GH824019   GH831931   GH835604   GH928908
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9GNL3
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8MS00
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 4   organism   • yolk (Umemiya et al., 2002) embryonic stage 13 -- 15   embryonic epidermis | lateral & segment boundary & segmentally repeated   (Umemiya et al., 2002) Comment:posterior to segment boundary of lateral epidermis embryonic stage 13 -- 17   embryonic heart cardioblast   (Umemiya et al., 2002) embryonic stage 14 -- 15   cell | subset of presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | segmentally repeated   (Umemiya et al., 2002) embryonic stage 16 -- 17   cell | subset of embryonic/larval central nervous system | segmentally repeated   (Umemiya et al., 2002) abdominal lateral pentascolopidial chordotonal organ lch5   (Umemiya et al., 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Maternally-expressed fend transcript is localized to the yolk. Zygotic fend transcript is expressed in presumptive neurogenic regions. Starting at embryonic stage 14, fend is dynamically expressed in subsets of cells in the central nervous system; these include a segmentally repeated medial cluster at the ventral plane of the ventral nerve cord, and a lateral cluster at a more dorsal plane. fend transcript is also expressed in the peripheral nervous system, including lateral chordotonal organ lch5 at late embryonic stages. At stage 13-15, fend transcipt is expressed in the lateral epidermis immediately posterior to the segmental border. fend transcript is also expressed in heart precursor cells from embryonic stages 13-17. (Umemiya et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system, larval fat body, adult ovary. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    175.025 Larval Midgut    2.8 Larval Hindgut    6.2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    35.3 Larval Fat Body    101 Larval Salivary Gland    4.3 Larval Trachea    41.25 Larval Carcass    12.95 Adult Head    62.4 Adult Eye    61.55 Adult Brain    426.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5 Adult Crop    5.1 Adult Midgut    1.9 Adult Hindgut    5.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    15.5 Adult Fat Body    30.7 Adult Salivary Gland    10.4 Adult Heart    63.875 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    27 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    29.2 Adult Ovary    177.7 Adult Testis    14.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    19.9 Adult Carcass    27.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    62.4   NA  Eye    61.55   NA  Brain    426.1   175.025  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    482.5   NA  Crop    5.1   2.8  Midgut    1.9   6.2  Hindgut    5.3   35.3  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   101  Fat Body    no informative data   4.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    63.875   41.25  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    177.7   NA  Testis    no informative data   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   no informative data  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    10 central nervous system, pupae P8    20 head, virgin 1-day female    4 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    2 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    4 head, mated 20-day female    3 head, mated 1-day male    7 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    1 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    1 digestive system, 20-day adult    1 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    8 fat body, white prepupae    8 fat body, pupae P8    1 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    2 carcass, 1-day adult    2 carcass, 4-day adult    3 carcass, 20-day adult    2 ovary, virgin 4-day female    22 ovary, mated 4-day female    24 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    23 embryo 02-04hr    21 embryo 04-06hr    13 embryo 06-08hr    12 embryo 08-10hr    16 embryo 10-12hr    16 embryo 12-14hr    15 embryo 14-16hr    13 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    6 embryo 20-22hr    9 embryo 22-24hr    10 larva L1    3 larva L2    1 larva L3 12hr old    1 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    3 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    4 pupae 3d postWPP    3 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    2 adult male 05day    2 adult male 30day    2 adult female 01day    6 adult female 05day    12 adult female 30day    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    6 Schneider line 2 Sg4    1 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    2 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    1 wing disc CME-W2    2 wing disc ML-DmD8    19 wing disc ML-DmD9    2 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    1 wing disc ML-DmD32    17 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    1 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    20 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    25 ovary OSC    9 ovary OSS    11 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    5 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    17 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    10 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    2 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    14 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_01 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_05
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD05628 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0030090 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12664-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 fendGD3289 lethal | recessive fendPG162 viable fendB23 Sterility Allele fertile fendB23 Other Phenotypes Allele body color defective, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 fendGD3289 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage fendB23 neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B fendGS1092 fendScer\UAS.cUa neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4l(3)H94-H94 fendScer\UAS.cUa visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 fendGD3289 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | ectopic fendB23 embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4how-24B fendScer\UAS.cUa embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4l(3)H94-H94 fendScer\UAS.cUa intersegmental nerve | larval stage fendB23 intersegmental nerve | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B fendScer\UAS.cUa mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 fendGD3289 motor neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B fendGS1092 fendScer\UAS.cUa
Classical Alleles ( 12 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of fend Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fendCB-5848-3 1 -- fende03336 piggyBac transposase 1 -- fendEY02774 1 -- fendGS5151 1 -- fendKG01702 1 -- fendNP4124 1 -- fendNP5045 1 -- fendB23 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes fendB29 PM hybrid dysgenesis 0 Yes fendGG01203 0 -- fendGS1092 0 Yes fendPG162 Delta2-3 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of fend Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion fendGD3289 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 5 Yes fendKK106882 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fendNIG.12664R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes fendScer\UAS.cUa 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{KK106882} NA P{NIG.12664R} NA P{UAS-fend.U} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{RS3}fendCB-5848-3 NA P{SUPor-P}fendKG01702 NA PBac{RB}fende03336 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}fendNP4124 No P{GawB}fendNP5045 No P{GawB}fendPG162 No insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}fendEY02774 NA P{GSV1}fendGS1092 NA P{GSV2}fendGS5151 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}fendGG01203 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 2 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
motor neuron axon guidance inferred from mutant phenotype (Umemiya et al., 2002)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Umemiya, 2001.7.6)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
fend - CG17494 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - CG4169 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - Ns1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - Nup44A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - bor anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - mts anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - nop5 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) fend - tws anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions fend allele Gene References unspecified Nsf2 (Laviolette et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58298 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0030090 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0030090 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31843
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (14) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6HT9CK Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6W0XP5 Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6HT9CK)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\fend     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD16084     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD24562     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM13679 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG19002 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE17415 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF19195 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA11746 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL12906 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK10088 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH12458 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6W0XP5)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002932   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP013158   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ018809
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM13679 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG19002 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE17415 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF19195 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA11746 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL12906 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK10088 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ14712 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI15055 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH12458
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 12 )
Bloomington	15595 y1 w67c23 P{EPgy2}fendEY02774 13473 y1 P{SUPor-P}fendKG01702; ry506
Harvard	- PBac{RB}fende03336
Kyoto	123851 w1118 P{RS3}fendCB-5848-3 113397 w* P{GawB}fendNP4124 / FM7c 113556 w* P{GawB}fendNP5045 / FM7c 200738 w* P{GSV2}fendGS5151/Binsinscy
VDRC	v9456 w1118 P{GD3289}v9456 v45167 w1118; P{GD3289}v45167 v45168 w1118; P{GD3289}v45168 v45169 w1118; P{GD3289}v45169 v45170 w1118; P{GD3289}v45170/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR04L24 BACR39L04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 59 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD05628 RH56795
Other clones	DPiM_LD05628
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	HL01046 HL05321 LD02203 LD04724 LD12358 LD12362 LD14360 LD35216 LD35966 RE37464 RE38306 RE73371 RH43008 RH56452 SD23114
Other clones	17251 29523 33004 62936 67361 76568 76854 81908 106233 153269 214449.9 CK01.12D.A10 CK01.33D.D12 CK01.58A.A10 CK01.80C.B2 CK01.106C.D9 Dmel_dig_010895_0595_1736 Dmel_dig_013486_0689_3369 Dmel_dig_014149_0638_2744 Dmel_dig_016974_0663_3561 EK046833 EK069226 EK089113 EK129353 EK139121 EK143541 EK163617 EK188842 EK196019 EK232055 EK252805 EK256623 EP13132 LD41327 RH08913 RP003275284 RP003380653 RP003426737 RP003469797 UUGC0651 UUGC0659
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0030090 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31843
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: fend ld14 (Umemiya et al., 2002) Source for identity of: ld14 CG12664 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: ld14 BcDNA:RH56795 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of ld14 BcDNA:RH56795 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of ld14 CG12664 was sequence comparison (date:010104). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_132300 NM_001272443 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_572528 NP_001259372 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA202513 AAF46447 AAG43498 AAM51035 AB065095 AF209858 AGB95215 AY119175 BAB83666 BI628414 CZ481110 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 31843 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9GNL3 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8MS00
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD05628
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 58298 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0030090 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0030090 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0030090 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0030090 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG12664-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0030090 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 31843 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 31843 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0030090
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:RH56795   CG12664 (Bourbon et al., 2002, Laviolette et al., 2005, Huang et al., 2007, Hayden and Bosco, 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) Dromel_CG12664_FBtr0071349_ld14_mORF (Hayden and Bosco, 2008) fend (Umemiya, 2001.7.6, Umemiya et al., 2002) LD14 (Blanca-Postigo, 1999.12.1) ld14 (Laviolette et al., 2005, Reiter et al., 2007, Hayden and Bosco, 2008, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21)
Name Synonym	forked end (Umemiya, 2001.7.6, Umemiya et al., 2002) Forked end (Hayden and Bosco, 2008) ld14
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0062929
References ( 24 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 24 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 6 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 1 )
Recent research papers (0)
	All research papers listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show research papers ...