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Gene Dmel\PGRP-SA

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\PGRP-SA	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA	Annotation symbol	CG11709
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0030310
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	1 publicly available
Also Known As	seml
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	10C6-10C6	Sequence location	X:11,455,676..11,456,812 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\PGRP-SA (CG11709, FBgn0030310). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: protein binding; muramyl dipeptide binding; peptidoglycan binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: defense response to Gram-positive bacterium; positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria; response to peptidoglycan. 19 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain; Peptidoglycan recognition protein; Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria; Peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP-S. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult fat body, larval trachea, virgin spermatheca. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, inseminated spermatheca, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628884_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of PGRP-SA. Gene sequence location is X:11455676..11456812.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 10C6-10C6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG32666EP1452 and P{EP}Ptp10DEP1172
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\PGRP-SA for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.49 Gene model reviewed during 5.50
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) PGRP-SA-RA FBtr0073509  NM_132499   1018   203 PGRP-SA-RB FBtr0340296     726   203
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein PGRP-SA-PA   FBpp0073358   22.3   203   7.11     NP_572727   AAF48056 PGRP-SA-PB   FBpp0309257   22.3   203   7.11
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain (IPR002502) Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria (IPR006619) Peptidoglycan recognition protein (IPR015510) Peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP-S (IPR017331)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF48056   AF207540 AAG23734   AF207541 AAG23735   AJ556551 CAD89116   AJ556552 CAD89117   AJ556553 CAD89118   AJ556554 CAD89119   AJ556555 CAD89120   AJ556556 CAD89121   AJ556557 CAD89122   AJ556558 CAD89123   AJ556559 CAD89124   AJ556560 CAD89125   AJ556561 CAD89126   AY075293 AAL68160   BG634577   CO155741   CO156196   CO183249   CO338784   EC261704   EC262104   EC262965
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VYX7
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Michel et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult fat body, larval trachea, virgin spermatheca. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, inseminated spermatheca, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body    1459.4 Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body  (1459.4) Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea  (739.575) Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body  (684.4) Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (654) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body  (1459.4) Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body    1459.4 Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body    1459.4 Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body  (1459.4) Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea  739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body  684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body  1459.4 Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    6.975 Larval Midgut    61.7 Larval Hindgut    335.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    139.1 Larval Fat Body    1459.4 Larval Salivary Gland    56.3 Larval Trachea    739.575 Larval Carcass    266.475 Adult Head    165.9 Adult Eye    155.575 Adult Brain    18.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.1 Adult Crop    77.6 Adult Midgut    11.9 Adult Hindgut    86.6 Adult Malpighian Tubules    226.8 Adult Fat Body    684.4 Adult Salivary Gland    42.1 Adult Heart    374.7 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    654 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3 Adult Ovary    4.5 Adult Testis    27.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    31.9 Adult Carcass    346.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    165.9   NA  Eye    155.575   NA  Brain    18.1   6.975  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    no informative data   NA  Crop    77.6   61.7  Midgut    no informative data   335.7  Hindgut    86.6   139.1  Malpighian Tubules    226.8   1459.4  Fat Body    684.4   56.3  Salivary Gland    no informative data   NA  Heart    374.7   739.575  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    654   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    475.3   NA  Ovary    4.5   NA  Testis    27.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   266.475  Carcass    346.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female  (55) head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male  (46) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (98) fat body, white prepupae  (44) fat body, pupae P8  (72) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult  (27) carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult  (47) ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female  (55) head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male  (46) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering  (98) fat body, white prepupae  (44) fat body, pupae P8  (72) carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult  27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult  (47) ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    5 central nervous system, larvae L3    4 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    13 head, virgin 4-day female    15 head, virgin 20-day female    55 head, mated 1-day female    12 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    25 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    24 head, mated 20-day male    46 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    7 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    12 digestive system, 1-day adult    14 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    12 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    98 fat body, white prepupae    44 fat body, pupae P8    72 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    14 carcass, 1-day adult    27 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    47 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    22 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    17 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during late larval stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (32) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (32) larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr  (28) white prepupae 24hr  (32) pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2  32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr  28 white prepupae 24hr  32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    0 embryo 10-12hr    0 embryo 12-14hr    0 embryo 14-16hr    0 embryo 16-18hr    0 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    2 larva L2    4 larva L3 12hr old    11 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    32 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    32 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    19 white prepupae new    22 white prepupae 12hr    28 white prepupae 24hr    32 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    6 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    10 adult male 05day    10 adult male 30day    20 adult female 01day    11 adult female 05day    3 adult female 30day    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H    136 embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1    187 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    108 wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    471 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    177 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    259 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    121 tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (37) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (97) embryonic 1182-4H  (136) embryonic GM2  (80) embryonic Kc167  (91) embryonic S1  (187) embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  (108) wing disc CME-W2  (50) wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9  (93) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (51) wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32  (68) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (471) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (177) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (259) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (121) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (64) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H  (136) embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1  (187) embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  (108) wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (471) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (177) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (259) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (121) tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H    136 embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1    187 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    108 wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    471 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    177 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    259 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    121 tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H    136 embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1    187 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    108 wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    471 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    177 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    259 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    121 tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (37) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (97) embryonic 1182-4H  (136) embryonic GM2  (80) embryonic Kc167  (91) embryonic S1  (187) embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  (108) wing disc CME-W2  (50) wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9  (93) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (51) wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32  (68) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (471) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (177) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (259) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (121) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (64) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H  136 embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1  (187) embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  108 wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (471) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (177) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (259) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  121 tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    37 Schneider line 2 Sg4    97 embryonic 1182-4H    136 embryonic GM2    80 embryonic Kc167    91 embryonic S1    187 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    108 wing disc CME-W2    50 wing disc ML-DmD8    11 wing disc ML-DmD9    93 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    51 wing disc ML-DmD21    13 wing disc ML-DmD32    68 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    6 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    471 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    177 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    4 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    259 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    121 tumorous blood cells mbn2    64 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    1 ovary OSS    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult  (28) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (39) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (42) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (57) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (79) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (50) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (81) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (61) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult  28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (39) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (42) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (57) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (79) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (50) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (81) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (61) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    9 cold shock, 4-day adult    5 heat shock, 4-day adult    28 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    39 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    42 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    22 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    7 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    57 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    79 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    50 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    18 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    81 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    61 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_04
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0030310 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11709-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 PGRP-SAGD1169 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective PGRP-SAseml PGRP-SAunspecified immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 PGRP-SAdsRNA.Scer\UAS immune response defective | adult stage PGRP-SAseml Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of PGRP-SA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PGRP-SAseml loss of function allele 0 Yes PGRP-SAunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 17 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of PGRP-SA Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PGRP-SAGD1169 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PGRP-SAC11A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAC48A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAcCa in vitro construct 0 Yes PGRP-SAD70A.F71A.N72A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-SAI154A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAMtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-SAS158A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAS158C in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAS75A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 -- PGRP-SAT156A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAV44A.T45A.I154A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAV44A.T45A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAY100A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes PGRP-SAY64A.H65A in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)HA85 (Michel et al., 2001)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)N105 (Michel et al., 2001)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1169} NA P{UAS-PGRP-SA.dsRNA} NA P{UAS-PGRP-SA.N} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 19 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
muramyl dipeptide binding inferred from direct assay (Wang et al., 2006) peptidoglycan binding inferred from direct assay (Mellroth et al., 2005, Werner et al., 2000, Park et al., 2007) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with GNBP1 (Wang et al., 2006)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response to Gram-positive bacterium inferred from genetic interaction with GNBP1 (Gobert et al., 2003) positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria inferred from mutant phenotype (Michel et al., 2001, Park et al., 2007) response to peptidoglycan inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2006)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from direct assay (Michel et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 16 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR015510 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) pattern recognition receptor activity traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003) peptidoglycan binding non-traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) peptidoglycan receptor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O76537 (Werner et al., 2000) non-traceable author statement (Werner, 1999.11.19, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006619 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) defense response to Gram-positive bacterium traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Brennan and Anderson, 2004) detection of bacterium non-traceable author statement (Werner, 1999.11.19) immune response inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O76537 (Werner et al., 2000) traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) peptidoglycan catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR015510 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-positive bacteria traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) regulation of Toll signaling pathway traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003) Toll signaling pathway traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
extracellular region inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Werner et al., 2000, Steiner, 2004) integral to plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
PGRP-SA - CG5746 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-SA - Imp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-SA - SmD3 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-SA - mRpL20 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-SA - mRpL50 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-SA - mRpL52 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions PGRP-SA allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0030310 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0030310 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32099
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (94) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6PK2VB Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6C2HKS Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6T4BRW Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6VX0NG Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6VMT94
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6PK2VB)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\PGRP-SA     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\PGRP-SA Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM13088 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG18426 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\PGRP-SA Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF22064 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA11152 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL26887 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK25449 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ15950 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI16473 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH17605 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6C2HKS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009474 Y Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\PGRPS1 Y Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ007162 Y
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6T4BRW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\PGRP-LC Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Pgrp-s2 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB47804 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\PGRP-S3 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016162 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016161 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG018589 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016159 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016164 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016156 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016157 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007725 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016163 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG000015 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17636 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17637 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10739 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18862 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13585 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15367 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP25125 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15380 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO23127 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22729 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO23128 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18932 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18752 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18751 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19536 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18243 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18471 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22370 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23955 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26258 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26259 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27216 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27215 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB17278 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB22743 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB23590 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10240 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24386 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23762 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA012866 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA008038 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA007987 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA000673 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM581030 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\GLEAN_15689 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC002790 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC013620 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC010611 Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6VX0NG)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW024175 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW004389 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW024689 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022212 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6VMT94)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007946gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003882gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_000222gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023247gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pglyrp2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pglyrp6 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp3 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000079563 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp4 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp4 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000012291 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000042606 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\LOC687320 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP4 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP1 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PGLYRP2     Hsap\PGLYRP3     Hsap\PGLYRP4     Hsap\PGLYRP1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\PGRP-SA Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM13088 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG18426 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\PGRP-SA Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF22064 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA11152 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL26887 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK25449 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ15950 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI16473 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH17605
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 1 )
VDRC	v5594 w1118; P{GD1169}v5594
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR26B05 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 9 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	AT30827
Other clones	DPiM_AT30827
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	525532 527239 575653 EC25296 EN06648 EN07538 EN17610
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0030310 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32099
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Wang et al., 2008)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: PGRP-SA CG11709 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for identity of: PGRP-SA seml (Royet et al., 2002)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: PGRP-SA BcDNA:AT30827 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for identity of PGRP-SA CG11709 was sequence comparison (date:001020). (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of PGRP-SA BcDNA:AT30827 was TrEMBL update (date:020807). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	PGRP-SA functions upstream of spe, sphinx2, sphinx1, spheroide, grass, and spirit in the spz-Tl pathway. (Kambris et al., 2006) PGRP-SA binds to specific peptidoglycans and shows elicitor specificity for bacteria with a peptidoglycan strucuture contain a Lys in the third position of the crosslinking tetrapeptide. (Mellroth et al., 2005) PGRP-SA and GNBP1 act in a common pathway, upstream of spz, in raising an immune response to Gram-positive bacteria. (Gobert et al., 2003) Identified as a gene with significant level of mRNA cycling as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated from adult heads harvested over six time points over the course of a day. Shows alteration in expression in a Clk mutant background. (McDonald and Rosbash, 2001) PGRP-SA has a role in activating Tl in Gram-positive bacterial infection. (Michel et al., 2001)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_132499 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_572727 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF48056 AAG23734 AAG23735 AAL68160 AF207540 AF207541 AJ556551 AJ556552 AJ556553 AJ556554 AJ556555 AJ556556 AJ556557 AJ556558 AJ556559 AJ556560 AJ556561 AY075293 BG634577 CAD89116 CAD89117 CAD89118 CAD89119 CAD89120 CAD89121 CAD89122 CAD89123 CAD89124 CAD89125 CAD89126 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32099 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VYX7
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain (IPR002502) Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria (IPR006619) Peptidoglycan recognition protein (IPR015510) Peptidoglycan recognition protein, PGRP-S (IPR017331)
Linkouts
	DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0030310 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0030310 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0030310 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0030310 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG11709-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0030310 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32099 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32099 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0030310
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:AT30827   CG11709 (Irving et al., 2001, McDonald and Rosbash, 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Tsai et al., 2008) Dm PGRP-SA (Waterhouse et al., 2007) PGRP-SA (Kambris et al., 2006, Gottar et al., 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Pal et al., 2007, Akira et al., 2006, Gobert et al., 2003, Kambris et al., 2006, Bou Aoun et al., 2011, Fullaondo et al., 2011, Quintin et al., 2007, Jang et al., 2006, Pelte et al., 2006, Wang and Ligoxygakis, 2008, Christophides et al., 2002, Filipe et al., 2005, Nehme et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2008, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Davis et al., 2008, Park et al., 2007, Lee and Edery, 2008, Sathyanarayanan et al., 2008, Gilchrist et al., 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Straub et al., 2008, Roxstrom-Lindquist et al., 2004, Wang et al., 2008, Buchon et al., 2009, Cronin et al., 2009, Muse et al., 2007, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009, Schmidt et al., 2011, Geuking et al., 2009, Leulier et al., 2003, Bischoff et al., 2004, Wagner et al., 2008, El Chamy et al., 2008, Beckstead et al., 2007, Aymeric et al., 2010, Reiser et al., 2004, Gerbasi et al., 2011, Wang et al., 2011, Johansson et al., 2005, Tsai et al., 2008, Leone et al., 2008, Jiggins and Hurst, 2003, Pham et al., 2007, Bischoff et al., 2006, Marcu et al., 2011, Atilano et al., 2011, Doroszuk et al., 2012) SA (Obbard et al., 2009) seml (Garver et al., 2006, Gobert et al., 2003, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Gottar et al., 2002, Royet et al., 2002, Ligoxygakis, 2002, Kaisho and Akira, 2001, Michel et al., 2001, Tang et al., 2008) SEMMELWEIS (Govind and Nehm, 2004)
Name Synonym	Peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (Marcu et al., 2011) peptidoglycan recognition protein SA (Wang et al., 2006) Peptidoglycan recognition protein-SA (Hill-Burns and Clark, 2009) Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-SA precursor (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) PG Recognition Protein-SA (Atilano et al., 2011) Protein semmelweis (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) semmelweis (Hoffmann, 2003, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004, Ligoxygakis, 2002, Kaisho and Akira, 2001, Michel et al., 2001) semmelweiss (Royet et al., 2002)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0061434 FBgn0064989
References ( 108 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 108 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 70 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Review  ( 13 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 8 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Letter  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 10 )
	Doroszuk et al., 2012, BMC Genomics 13: 167 Transcriptome analysis of a long-lived natural Drosophila variant: a prominent role of stress- and reproduction-genes in lifespan extension. [FBrf0219259] Rancès et al., 2012, PLoS Pathog. 8(2): e1002548 The relative importance of innate immune priming in wolbachia-mediated dengue interference. [FBrf0217657] Atilano et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(12): e1002421 Wall Teichoic Acids of Staphylococcus aureus Limit Recognition by the Drosophila Peptidoglycan Recognition Protein-SA to Promote Pathogenicity. [FBrf0216844] Bou Aoun et al., 2011, J. Innate Immun. 3(1): 52--64 Analysis of thioester-containing proteins during the innate immune response of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212631] Fullaondo et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(14): 2960--2972 Spn1 Regulates the GNBP3-Dependent Toll Signaling Pathway in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0214037] Gerbasi et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(8): 3204--3209 Blanks, a nuclear siRNA/dsRNA-binding complex component, is required for Drosophila spermiogenesis. [FBrf0213185] Marcu et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(1): e15361 Innate Immune Responses of Drosophila melanogaster Are Altered by Spaceflight. [FBrf0212851] Nehme et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(3): e14743 Relative Roles of the Cellular and Humoral Responses in the Drosophila Host Defense against Three Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections. [FBrf0213216] Schmidt et al., 2011, Self Nonself 2(3): 125--141 Cleavage of PGRP-LC receptor in the Drosophila IMD pathway in response to live bacterial infection in S2 cells. [FBrf0218028] Wang et al., 2011, Infect. Immun. 79(2): 606--616 Host and Pathogen Glycosaminoglycan-Binding Proteins Modulate Antimicrobial Peptide Responses in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212806] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...