FB2022_03, released June 9, 2022

Gene: Dmel\Tao

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Tao
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Tao
Annotation Symbol
CG14217
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0031030
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
10 publicly available
Gene Summary
Tao (Tao) encodes a Ser/Thr kinase belonging to the Mst/Ste20 family. It is implicated in the Hippo and PAR-1 pathways. It contributes to restriction of tissue growth during development, regulation of microtubule dynamics, neuronal polarity, neural development, ethanol-stimulated behavioral response, and apoptosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

Tao-1, TAO1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
18D1-18D3
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-63
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:19569721..19579800
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (32 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A8DYY6
(assigned by UniProt )
(Chung et al., 2016)
enables protein kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Chung et al., 2016)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Li et al., 2018, Poon et al., 2018, Boggiano et al., 2011)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sato et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables ATP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000719, InterPro:IPR002290, InterPro:IPR017441
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
enables protein serine/threonine kinase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (19 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (15 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in apoptotic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sato et al., 2007)
involved_in central complex development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(King et al., 2011)
involved_in intestinal stem cell homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Huang et al., 2014)
involved_in mushroom body development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(King et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of BMP signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Politano et al., 2019)
involved_in negative regulation of organ growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Poon et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of synaptic assembly at neuromuscular junction
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Politano et al., 2019)
involved_in ovarian follicle cell development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gomez et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of endocytosis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Gomez et al., 2012)
involved_in positive regulation of hippo signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Fletcher et al., 2018, Huang et al., 2014)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:wts; FB:FBgn0011739
(Boggiano et al., 2011, Poon et al., 2011)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:yki; FB:FBgn0034970
(Huang et al., 2014, Boggiano et al., 2011, Poon et al., 2011)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:sav; FB:FBgn0053193
(Poon et al., 2011)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hpo; FB:FBgn0261456
(Poon et al., 2011)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sopko et al., 2014)
involved_in response to cocaine
inferred from mutant phenotype
(King et al., 2011)
involved_in response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(King et al., 2011)
involved_in response to nicotine
inferred from mutant phenotype
(King et al., 2011)
involved_in tissue homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Huang et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in intracellular signal transduction
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in MAPK cascade
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000685430
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in neuron projection morphogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000685430
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in protein phosphorylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of MAPK cascade
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001969365
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (9 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in basal part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Gomez et al., 2012)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Chung et al., 2016)
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Liu et al., 2010)
located_in perikaryon
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Wendler et al., 2010)
located_in spindle
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Liu et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000684825
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. STE Ser/Thr protein kinase family. STE20 subfamily. (Q0KHQ5)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Tao (Tao) encodes a Ser/Thr kinase belonging to the Mst/Ste20 family. It is implicated in the Hippo and PAR-1 pathways. It contributes to restriction of tissue growth during development, regulation of microtubule dynamics, neuronal polarity, neural development, ethanol-stimulated behavioral response, and apoptosis. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
GERMINAL CENTER KINASES -
Germinal center kinases (GCKs) are serine/threonine kinases characterised by an N-terminal STE20 kinase domain. They have diverse roles in signaling pathways; some are MAPK kinase kinase kinases, activating MAPK kinase kinases. (Adapted from FBrf0225276 and FBrf0228279).
Pathway (FlyBase)
Positive Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -
Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Serine/threonine-protein kinase which regulates the Hippo/SWH (Sav/Wts/Hpo) signaling pathway, a signaling pathway that plays a pivotal role in organ size control and tumor suppression by restricting proliferation and promoting apoptosis. The core of this pathway is composed of a kinase cascade wherein Hippo (hpo), in complex with its regulatory protein Salvador (sav), phosphorylates and activates Warts (wts) in complex with its regulatory protein Mats, which in turn phosphorylates and inactivates the Yorkie (yki) oncoprotein (PubMed:22075147, PubMed:22075148). In imaginal cells, phosphorylates and activates hpo and leads to repression of yki (PubMed:22075147, PubMed:22075148). In the midgut, negatively regulates the proliferation of intestinal stem cells through the Hippo/SWH pathway (PubMed:25160975). Independent of the hippo/SWH pathway, regulates epithelial morphogenesis in follicle cells by promoting the endocytosis of Fas2 and reducing lateral adhesion between epithelial cells which, in turn, permits shrinking of the lateral membrane and initiates morphogenesis of the squamous epithelium (PubMed:23266957). Required for the development of both the mushroom body and the ellipsoid body in the brain and may act as a negative regulator of the par-1 kinase (PubMed:21248138). Negatively regulates the JNK pathway which increases sensitivity to ethanol exposure (PubMed:23227189). Plays a role in the control of cell shape by negatively regulating the growth of microtubule plus-ends as they contact the actin-rich cell cortex (PubMed:20647372). Required for the induction of apoptosis in pole cells by promoting expression of skl which enhances activity of the apoptosis activator hid (PubMed:17449640).
(UniProt, Q0KHQ5)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Sterile 20 family kinase - a component of the Hippo pathway - restricts cell proliferation in imaginal discs - controls of epithelial morphogenesis by promoting Fasciclin 2 endocytosis - negative regulator of microtubule plus-end growth - regulation of apoptosis in pole cells

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
9
Number of Unique Polypeptides
6

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Tao for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q0KHQ5)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Gene model reviewed during 5.40

Gene model includes transcripts encoding non-overlapping portions of the full CDS.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 6.02

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Tao-RA
FBtr0074774
NM_134475
2099
492
Tao-RB
FBtr0074773
NM_167667
2238
469
Tao-RD
FBtr0074772
NM_167665
3685
1039
Tao-RE
FBtr0074771
NM_167666
4035
1039
Tao-RF
FBtr0303999
NM_001201743
5483
1039
Tao-RG
FBtr0304000
NM_001201744
2621
492
Tao-RH
FBtr0309237
NM_001258827
2720
611
Tao-RI
FBtr0336691
NM_001272779
4230
1038
Tao-RJ
FBtr0336692
NM_001272780
2744
615
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Tao-PA
FBpp0074543
59.4
492
9.40
Q8T093
NP_608319
AAN09505
Tao-PB
FBpp0074542
56.7
469
9.70
Q8IQW6
NP_728269
AAN09506
Tao-PD
FBpp0074541
118.3
1039
8.58
Q0KHQ5
NP_728267
AAN09504
Tao-PE
FBpp0074540
118.3
1039
8.58
Q0KHQ5
NP_728268
AAF48973
Tao-PF
FBpp0292968
118.3
1039
8.58
Q0KHQ5
NP_001188672
ADV37754
Tao-PG
FBpp0292969
59.4
492
9.40
Q8T093
NP_001188673
ADV37755
Tao-PH
FBpp0301176
65.9
611
7.57
M9NE33
NP_001245756
AFH07468
Tao-PI
FBpp0307672
118.2
1038
8.50
M9PHK2
NP_001259708
AGB95548
Tao-PJ
FBpp0307673
66.6
615
7.91
M9PI11
NP_001259709
AGB95549
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1039 aa isoforms: Tao-PD, Tao-PE, Tao-PF
492 aa isoforms: Tao-PA, Tao-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Schip1; the interaction enhances Tao kinase activity.

(UniProt, Q0KHQ5)
Post Translational Modification

Autophosphorylated.

(UniProt, Q0KHQ5)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Tao using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:
 low
high 
Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:
 low
high 
as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
pole plasm
(Sato et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
pole plasm

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 1 -- 5
pole plasm
(Zhu et al., 2005, Zhu et al., 2005)
embryonic stage 1 -- 12
primordial germ cell
(Sato et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: apically cleared

(Fisher et al., 2012)
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
pole plasm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
primordial germ cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
germline cell
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

Tao mRNA is maternally transcribed and detected in pole cells immediately after formation. The 2.5 kb transcript (which lacks a kinase domain) is degraded immediately after pole cell formation but the 4.8 kb transcript remains detectable until stage 12.

(Sato et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in basal part of cell
inferred from direct assay
(Gomez et al., 2012)
located_in cell cortex
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in membrane
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Chung et al., 2016)
located_in microtubule
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Liu et al., 2010)
located_in perikaryon
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Pflanz et al., 2015)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Wendler et al., 2010)
located_in spindle
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Liu et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Tao in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 28 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Tao
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Tao
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
lethal, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die before end of second instar larval stage
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL471B
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
Sterility
Allele
female sterile, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG, Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
fertile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal chemosensitive behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
abnormal chemosensitive behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
abnormal chemosensitive behavior | adult stage (with Tao50)
abnormal chemosensitive behavior | adult stage (with TaoEP1455)
abnormal chemosensitive behavior | adult stage | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
abnormal neuroanatomy | early third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | pupal stage P6, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA, Scer\GAL80ase.PN
abnormal pain response | adult stage, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
abnormal size (with Tao50)
abnormal size (with TaoEP1455)
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4rn-GAL4-5
abnormal size | adult stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
abnormal size | early third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4mirr-DE
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA, Scer\GAL80ase.PN
decreased cell size | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
increased cell number | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased cell number | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
increased cell size | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell size | pupal stage P6, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell size | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased occurrence of cell division | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
increased occurrence of cell division | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
majority die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
some die during second instar larval stage
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4rn-GAL4-5
visible | adult stage (with Tao50)
visible | adult stage (with TaoEP1455)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult cuticle | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
adult midgut, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
adult mushroom body alpha'-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body alpha-lobe
adult mushroom body alpha-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body beta'-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body beta-lobe
adult mushroom body beta-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
adult mushroom body gamma-lobe
adult mushroom body gamma-lobe, with Scer\GAL4ey-OK107
ellipsoid body | adult stage
embryo | maternal effect, with Scer\GAL4nos.PG, Scer\GAL4VP16.nos.UTR, Scer\GAL4VP16.otu
embryonic/larval brain | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
embryonic/larval brain | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA, Scer\GAL80ase.PN
embryonic/larval central nervous system | early third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval central nervous system | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval central nervous system | pupal stage P6, with Scer\GAL4NP1316
embryonic/larval central nervous system | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval central nervous system | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
embryonic/larval motor neuron | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
enteroblast, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
enteroendocrine cell, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | dorsal | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4mirr-DE
follicle cell | somatic clone
head | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
interommatidial cell | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
intestinal stem cell, with Scer\GAL4NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
intestinal stem cell | somatic clone
intestinal stem cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
larval segmental nerve | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
larval ventral nerve cord | pupal stage P6, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval ventral nerve cord | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP1316, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
larval ventral nerve cord | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
larval ventral nerve cord | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Toll-6-D42
mushroom body vertical lobe | pupal stage
neuron | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
NMJ bouton | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
type I neuroblast | early third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | pupal stage P6, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | second instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
type I neuroblast | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4NP1316, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
type I neuroblast | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
wing, with Scer\GAL471B
wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1
wing (with Tao50)
wing (with TaoEP1455)
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4hh.PU
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4rn-GAL4-5
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
wing disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (3)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\TAOK1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TAOK3
11 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\TAOK2
9 of 15
No
Yes
4  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (3)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Taok1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Taok3
10 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Taok2
9 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (3)
Rnor\Taok1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Taok2
7 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Taok3
7 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\taok1
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\taok2
6 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\taok3
4 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (6)
Drer\taok1a
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\taok2a
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\taok3a
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\taok1b
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\taok2b
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\taok3b
3 of 15
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\kin-18
10 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\K09B11.5
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\SIK1
1 of 9
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (15)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
fray
2 of 10
GckIII
2 of 10
hpo
2 of 10
hppy
2 of 10
mbt
2 of 10
msn
2 of 10
Pak
2 of 10
Slik
2 of 10
Stlk
2 of 10
Dsor1
1 of 10
hep
1 of 10
lic
1 of 10
Mekk1
1 of 10
Mkk4
1 of 10
Pak3
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
TAOK1; TAO kinase 1
12 of 15
610266
    TAOK3; TAO kinase 3
    11 of 15
    616711
        TAOK2; TAO kinase 2
        9 of 15
        613199
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
            Select Layout:
            Legend:
            Protein
            RNA
            Selected Interactor(s)
            Interactions Browser
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
            protein-protein
            Physical Interaction
            Assay
            References
            Tao - GckIII
            enzymatic study, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
            (Poon et al., 2018)
            Tao - hpo
            protein kinase assay, anti tag western blot
            (Boggiano et al., 2011)
            Tao - msn
            anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, enzymatic study, western blot
            (Li et al., 2018)
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Tao
            suppressible
            Fas2
            (Gomez et al., 2012)
            Tao|nos
            suppressible
            hid
            (Sato et al., 2007)
            Tao
            suppressible
            par-1
            (King et al., 2011)
            Tao
            suppressible
            wts
            (Boggiano et al., 2011)
            Tao
            suppressible
            yki
            (Poon et al., 2016, Huang et al., 2014, Boggiano et al., 2011)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            btl::Egfr
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Zhu et al., 2005)
            btl|stumps
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Zhu et al., 2005)
            Cdc42
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Zhu et al., 2005)
            d
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            ex
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            ft
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            hpo
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            hpo
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            kibra
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            kibra
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            Mer
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            nos
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Sato et al., 2007)
            nos
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Sato et al., 2007)
            Pvr
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Zhu et al., 2005)
            sav|wts
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            Schip1
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Chung et al., 2016)
            wts
            suppressible
            Tao
            (Boggiano et al., 2011)
            yki
            enhanceable
            Tao
            (Poon et al., 2011)
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Interacts with Schip1; the interaction enhances Tao kinase activity.
            (UniProt, Q0KHQ5 )
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Positive Regulators of Hippo Signaling Pathway -
            The Hippo signaling pathway is an intracellular kinase cascade in which hpo kinase in complex with sav, phosphorylates wts kinase which, in turn, phosphorylates yki transcriptional co-activator leading to its cytosolic retention. Positive regulators of the pathway, enhance the cytosolic retention of yki, negatively regulating tissue growth (Adapted from FBrf0224870).
            Negative Regulators of BMP Signaling Pathway -
            Negative regulators of Bone Morphogenetic Protein (BMP) signaling down-regulate the pathway, ultimately resulting in the decreased nuclear activity of the Mad/Med transcription factor complex.
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            X
            Recombination map
            1-63
            Cytogenetic map
            18D1-18D3
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            18D1-18D3
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1526&P{EP}PfrxEP1150 and P{EP}Tao-1EP1455
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            1-63

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            1-62.1

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (10)
            Genomic Clones (20)
            cDNA Clones (235)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

              For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

              cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
              BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Pflanz et al., 2015, Huang et al., 2014, King et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2010)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Other Information
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: Tao-1 CG14217

              (Pflanz et al., 2005)

              Source for identity of: Tao Tao-1

              (King and Baum, 2012.1.13)
              Source for database merge of
              Additional comments
              Other Comments

              Tao regulates morphogenesis of the follicular epithelium by promoting endocytosis of Fas2 protein.

              (Gomez et al., 2012)

              Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) down-regulates a distinct splice isoform(s) of this gene.

              (Hansen et al., 2009)

              Tao-1 has a vital function during larval development. Tao-1 may be crucial for directed cell migration and transepithelial movement.

              (Pflanz et al., 2005)

              Ubiquitous RNAi-mediated knockdown of Tao-1 specifically affects the survival and proper migration behaviour of the pole cells/primordial germ cells, but embryos develop to viable adults. Ectopic expression of a GFP-tagged version of Tao-1long leads to viable adults with the fusion protein localised at cell membranes.

              (Pflanz et al., 2005)

              dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

              (Kiger et al., 2003)
              Origin and Etymology
              Discoverer
              Etymology
              Identification
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 71 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
              SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (12)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              AAF48973
              (Ciccarelli et al., 2003)
              CG14217
              (Neuert et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Bergwitz et al., 2013, Christis and Munro, 2012, King et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Hansen et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Haussmann et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2008, Zhu et al., 2005, Shulman and Feany, 2003, Egger et al., 2002, Dan et al., 2001)
              MARKK
              (Wang et al., 2007)
              TAO-1
              (van Soldt and Cardoso, 2020)
              TAO1
              (Harvey and Hariharan, 2012, Delpire, 2009, Wang et al., 2007, Morrison et al., 2000)
              Tao
              (Agrawal et al., 2021, Lebo et al., 2021, Lindsey et al., 2021, Pojer et al., 2021, Yusuff et al., 2021, Chen et al., 2020, Earl et al., 2020, Trcek et al., 2020, Hanyu-Nakamura et al., 2019, Highfill et al., 2019, Huichalaf et al., 2019, Politano et al., 2019, Tenedini et al., 2019, Fletcher et al., 2018, Li et al., 2018, Neuert et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Meng et al., 2016, Grotewiel and Bettinger, 2015, Kanoh et al., 2015, Liu and Lasko, 2015, Huang et al., 2014, Merlo et al., 2014, Sopko et al., 2014, Yu and Guan, 2013, Gomez et al., 2012)
              Tao-1
              (Cho and Jiang, 2021, Tokamov et al., 2021, Bae and Luo, 2018, Cho et al., 2018, Fallahi et al., 2016, Xu et al., 2016, Irvine and Harvey, 2015, Perkins et al., 2015, Zheng et al., 2015, Zirin et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Huang et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Vaque et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Boggiano et al., 2011, Poon et al., 2011, Liu et al., 2010, Wendler et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2010, Hansen et al., 2009, Bakal et al., 2008, Straub et al., 2008, Gilfillan et al., 2007, Legube et al., 2006)
              Tao1
              (Jang et al., 2017)
              dTao-1
              (Pflanz et al., 2005)
              tao
              (Pennemann et al., 2021, Dorogova et al., 2020, Kapfhamer et al., 2012, Kaun et al., 2012, King et al., 2011, Harder et al., 2008)
              tao-1
              (Chung et al., 2016, Poon et al., 2016, Pflanz et al., 2015, Mudiganti et al., 2010, Mattila et al., 2008, King et al., 2007, Sato et al., 2007)
              tao1
              (Zhang et al., 2010)
              Name Synonyms
              Tao
              Tao-1
              Tao1
              (Harvey et al., 2013)
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                References (126)