• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\erm

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\erm	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	earmuff	Annotation symbol	CG31670
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0031375
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Also Known As	CG7312, dfezl, dFezf
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	22B6-22B8	Sequence location	2L:1,950,239..1,970,362 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene earmuff is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\erm (CG31670, FBgn0031375). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: zinc ion binding; nucleic acid binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: stem cell maintenance; regulation of neurogenesis. 7 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: embryonic/larval neuroblast. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain; Zinc finger, C2H2; Zinc finger, C2H2-like. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of low expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624470_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of erm. Gene sequence location is 2L:1950239..1970362.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 22B6-22B8   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}CG17646k11021 and P{EP}EP366
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\erm for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Gene model reviewed during 5.47 Double stop-codon suppression (UGA, UGA) postulated; FBrf0216884. gene_with_stop_codon_read_through ; SO:0000697
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) erm-RA FBtr0077870  NM_134787   2881   611 erm-RB FBtr0330200  NM_001272960   3051   603 erm-RC FBtr0330201  NM_001272961   2881   654 erm-RD FBtr0330202  NM_001272962   2881   654
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein erm-PA   FBpp0077539   66.4   611   8.92     NP_608631   AAF51325 erm-PB   FBpp0303233   65.5   603   8.85     NP_001259889   AGB92426 erm-PC   FBpp0303234   70.9   654   8.84     NP_001259890   AGB92427 erm-PD   FBpp0303235   70.9   654   8.84     NP_001259891   AGB92428
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014134 AAF51325   AE014134 AGB92426   AE014134 AGB92427   AE014134 AGB92428   AI238101   AI297155   AW940536   AY060699 AAL28247   CO325330   CO327912   EC074869   EC259813
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VQ56
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) central brain anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) antennal anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi visual anlage in statu nascendi   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    381.575 Larval Midgut    2.5 Larval Hindgut    0.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    1 Larval Fat Body    7.4 Larval Salivary Gland    1.7 Larval Trachea    3.35 Larval Carcass    1.4 Adult Head    50.3 Adult Eye    101.55 Adult Brain    247.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3 Adult Crop    2.8 Adult Midgut    1.1 Adult Hindgut    1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    1.8 Adult Fat Body    1.7 Adult Salivary Gland    4.2 Adult Heart    2.35 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2 Adult Ovary    1.4 Adult Testis    8.9 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.9 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    50.3   NA  Eye    101.55   NA  Brain    247.5   381.575  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1.3   NA  Crop    2.8   2.5  Midgut    1.1   0.6  Hindgut    1   1  Malpighian Tubules    1.8   7.4  Fat Body    1.7   1.7  Salivary Gland    4.2   NA  Heart    2.35   3.35  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    1.4   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    3.2   NA  Ovary    1.4   NA  Testis    8.9   NA  Male Accessory Gland    5.9   1.4  Carcass    3.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3  (33) central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3  (33) central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    4 central nervous system, larvae L3    33 central nervous system, pupae P8    16 head, virgin 1-day female    5 head, virgin 4-day female    5 head, virgin 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day female    4 head, mated 4-day female    3 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    6 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    1 fat body, pupae P8    3 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    4 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of low expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    4 embryo 06-08hr    4 embryo 08-10hr    3 embryo 10-12hr    2 embryo 12-14hr    2 embryo 14-16hr    2 embryo 16-18hr    1 embryo 18-20hr    1 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    1 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    1 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    2 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    3 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    1 adult male 05day    1 adult male 30day    1 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    0 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    7 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    4 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    2 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_07
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • GH14092 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0031375 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31670-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for erm Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal erm1 viable ermf07652 Sterility Allele fertile ermf07652 Other Phenotypes Allele neuroanatomy defective erm1 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA ermScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone erm1 neuroanatomy defective | somatic clone (with Df(2L)erm2) erm1 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval neuroblast erm1 embryonic/larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4wor.PA ermScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 embryonic/larval neuroblast | ectopic | somatic clone | supernumerary erm1 embryonic/larval neuroblast | ectopic | supernumerary erm1 embryonic/larval neuroblast | larval stage (with Df(2L)erm2) erm1
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of erm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ermf07652 piggyBac transposase 2 -- erm1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of erm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ermJF02342 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ermKK108852 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ermGD10324 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ermNIG.7312R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes ermScer\UAS.T:Ivir\HA1 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel6006 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)Exel8005 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Duplicated in	Df(2L)erm2 (Lee, 2012.12.18)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{NIG.7312R} NA P{UAS-erm.HA} NA reporter construct P{erm-lacZ.R9D11} No characterization construct P{erm-LexA::p65.R9D11} NA P{erm-LexA::VP16.R9D11} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions PBac{WH}ermf07652 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 4 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
regulation of neurogenesis inferred from mutant phenotype (Weng et al., 2010) stem cell maintenance inferred from mutant phenotype (Weng et al., 2010)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
nucleic acid binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR013087 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007087, InterPro:IPR015880 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process ( 0 terms)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_stop_codon_read_through (Jungreis et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions erm allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0031375
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (42) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6FFDMV Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6FN4SC Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6KD5GN Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6S4MXN Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6SBSRJ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6FFDMV)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\erm     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD22883 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM16579 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24566 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE15291 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA16381 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL18461 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19651 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI13715 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH10862     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH25019 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6FN4SC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL007233   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ012530
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6KD5GN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB40147   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG012421   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17455   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP22169   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO25623   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH13918   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB15150   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23141   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI004681   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA004593   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM527180   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC004673
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6S4MXN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Ccp84Ad   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW016275
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6SBSRJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\Y38H8A.5   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_027491gn   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_019089gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\fezf1   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\fezf2   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\fezf1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\fezf2   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\FEZF1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\FEZF2   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Fezf1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Fezf2   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Fezf1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Fezf2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\FEZF2   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\FEZF1
Human Orthologs (2)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\FEZF2     Hsap\FEZF1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD22883 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM16579 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24566 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE15291 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF19706 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA16381 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL18461 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK24816 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ19651 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI13715 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH25019
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	26778 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF02342}attP2 19091 w1118; PBac{WH}ermf07652; l(3)**/TM6B, Tb1
Harvard	- PBac{WH}ermf07652
VDRC	v106313 P{KK108852}VIE-260B
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR11F10 BACR19N22 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 5 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH14092
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LP11394
Other clones	214283.19 EK196136 EP08243
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0031375 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 326152
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: erm CG31670 (Weng et al., 2010)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: CG7312 CG31670 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of CG7312 CG31670 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Annotation CG7312 renamed CG31670 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_134787 NM_001272960 NM_001272961 NM_001272962 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_608631 NP_001259889 NP_001259890 NP_001259891 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF51325 AAL28247 AGB92426 AGB92427 AGB92428 AI238101 AW940536 AY060699 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 326152 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VQ56
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Zinc finger, C2H2 (IPR007087) Zinc finger C2H2-type/integrase DNA-binding domain (IPR013087) Zinc finger, C2H2-like (IPR015880) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • GH14092
Linkouts
	DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0031375 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0031375 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0031375 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31670-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0031375 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 326152 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0031375
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 6 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG7312 (Boehm, 2000.5.30, Tomancak et al., 2007) CG31670 (Weng et al., 2008, Jungreis et al., 2011, Copley, 2005, Weng et al., 2010, Weng et al., 2008, Pfeiffer et al., 2008, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Irimia et al., 2010, Kazemian et al., 2010, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) dFezf (Weng et al., 2010, Irimia et al., 2010) dfezl (Weng et al., 2008, Weng et al., 2008) erm (Weng et al., 2010, Viktorin et al., 2011, Lee, 2012.12.18)
Name Synonym	earmuff (Bayraktar et al., 2010, Pfeiffer et al., 2008, Weng et al., 2010, Viktorin et al., 2011, Haenfler et al., 2012)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0051670
References ( 33 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 33 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 12 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 2 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 4 )
	Haenfler et al., 2012, Dev. Biol. 365(1): 219--228 Cortical aPKC kinase activity distinguishes neural stem cells from progenitor cells by ensuring asymmetric segregation of Numb. [FBrf0218950] Jiang and Reichert, 2012, Neural Dev. 7: 3 Programmed cell death in type II neuroblast lineages is required for central complex development in the Drosophila brain. [FBrf0217569] Weber et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(4): e34745 Genome-Wide Association Analysis of Oxidative Stress Resistance in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218073] Viktorin et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 356(2): 553--565 Multipotent neural stem cells generate glial cells of the central complex through transit amplifying intermediate progenitors in Drosophila brain development. [FBrf0214495] Show all research papers ...