FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\Arc1

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Arc1

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Activity-regulated cytoskeleton associated protein 1

Annotation Symbol

CG12505

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0033926

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

7 publicly available

Gene Summary

Master regulator of synaptic plasticity that self-assembles into virion-like capsids that encapsulate RNAs and mediate intercellular RNA transfer from motorneurons to muscles (PubMed:29328915). Arc1 protein is released from motorneurons in extracellular vesicles that mediate the transfer of Arc1 mRNA into muscle cells, where Arc1 mRNA can undergo activity-dependent translation (PubMed:29328915). Intercellular transfer od Arc1 mRNA is required for synaptic plasticity at the neuromuscular junction (PubMed:29328915). May play a role in energy balance: required for regulation of body fat by a specific population of brain neurons, named E347, that are necessary and sufficient for proper body fat storage (PubMed:26209258). (UniProt, Q7K1U0)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

dArc1

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

50F6-50F6

Sequence location

2R:14,357,927..14,360,297 [-]

Recombination map

2-70

RefSeq locus

NT_033778 REGION:14357927..14360297

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (10 terms)

Molecular Function (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables mRNA binding

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Biological Process (5 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in behavioral response to starvation

inferred from direct assay

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

involved_in mRNA transport

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

involved_in muscle system process

inferred from expression pattern

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Mhc; FB:FBgn0264695

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

involved_in regulation of neuronal synaptic plasticity

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

involved_in vesicle-mediated intercellular transport

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

located_in postsynapse of neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

located_in sarcomere

inferred from direct assay

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

located_in synapse

inferred from direct assay

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ARC/ARG3.1 family. (Q7K1U0)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q7K1U0)

Summary (Interactive Fly)

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Arc1 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q7K1U0)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

Arc1-RA

FBtr0087560

NM_137111

2371

254

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

Arc1-PA

FBpp0086687

28.9

254

6.44

Q7K1U0

NP_610955

AAF58256

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homooligomer; homooligomerizes into virion-like capsids.

(UniProt, Q7K1U0)

Domain

The protein is evolutionarily related to retrotransposon Gag proteins (PubMed:29328915, PubMed:29328916). It contains structural elements found within viral Gag polyproteins originated from the Ty3/gypsy retrotransposon family and retains the ability to form virion-like capsid structures that can mediate mRNA transfer between cells (PubMed:29328915, PubMed:29328916). Tetrapod and fly Arc protein-coding genes originated independently from distinct lineages of Ty3/gypsy retrotransposons (PubMed:29328916).

(UniProt, Q7K1U0)

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q7K1U0

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Arc1 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that the Fly Cell Atlas project found the gene expressed in that cell type. Darker colors mean that more cells of that cell type express the gene:

low

high

Colorless tiles indicate that there is no scRNAseq data for the gene in that cell type.

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data (RNA and/or protein) has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

Colored tiles in the ribbon indicate the average RNA expression level of the gene at the indicated stages:

low

high

as determined by RNA-seq (RPKM) using whole organism samples modENCODE, Brown et al., 2014. For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis stage S9 -- S13 & adult stage | female

stretch follicle cell

(Peters et al., 2013)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

ring gland | restricted

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

neuron | subset

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

larval ventral nerve cord | restricted

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

adult head

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

adult heart

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Arc1 is expressed in a number of large neurons that innervate the larval ring gland. It is expressed in all dilp+ median cells and in several other pars neurosecretory cells.

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in extracellular vesicle

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

located_in postsynapse of neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ashley et al., 2018)

located_in sarcomere

inferred from direct assay

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

located_in synapse

inferred from direct assay

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

Reporter: P{Arc1-GAL4.M}

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

larval stage

pars intercerebralis

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Arc1 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\Arc1

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\Arc1

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

36595/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0033926

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0033926

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0033926

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG12505

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0033926

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Arc1

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Arc1

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

Arc1^GD16710

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate

abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4^Appl.G1a

Arc1^UAS.cMb

abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4^mex1.PU

Arc1^UAS.cMb

abnormal developmental rate (with Arc1^E8)

Arc1^esm113

abnormal developmental rate (with Arc1^esm113)

Arc1^E8

abnormal locomotor behavior

Arc1^esm18

abnormal locomotor behavior | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Toll-6-D42

Arc1^UAS.cMb

abnormal starvation stress response | adult stage

Arc1^E8

abnormal stress response

Arc1^esm18

decreased body size | P-stage

Arc1^E8

increased cell number | adult stage

Arc1^E8

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

embryonic/larval fat body | larval stage

Arc1^E8

lipid droplet | larval stage

Arc1^E8

wing cell | increased number

Arc1^E8

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\ARC

2 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Arc

2 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\Arc

2 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\arc

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)

No records found.

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)

No records found.

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)

No records found.

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)

No records found.

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

3 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Arc1

x-ray crystallography, cosedimentation, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, electron microscopy, two hybrid, molecular sieving, light scattering, molecular weight estimation by staining, x ray scattering

(Hallin et al., 2021, Cottee et al., 2020, Erlendsson et al., 2020, Ashley et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Arc1 - Arc2

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Arc1 - Art8

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - BthD

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG1129

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG11777

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG1218

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG1532

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG15739

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG18787

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG18789

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - CG7049

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Ccs

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Doc2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Got1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Myc

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Arc1 - Rae1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Raf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Ras85D

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Arc1 - RpS21

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - S6kII

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Arc1 - Src42A

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Treh

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Trx-2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - Tsc1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

Arc1 - Wdr82

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Arc1 - cnk

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Friedman et al., 2011)

Arc1 - sob

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

Arc1

(Hallin et al., 2021, Cottee et al., 2020, Erlendsson et al., 2020, Ashley et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homooligomer; homooligomerizes into virion-like capsids.

(UniProt, Q7K1U0 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

62345

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0033926

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

Arc1

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

2-70

Cytogenetic map

50F6-50F6

Sequence location

2R:14,357,927..14,360,297 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

50F6-50F6

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(2)s3475^s3475&P{lacW}Hsc70-5^k04907 and P{PZ}Tfb1⁰⁶⁹⁴⁹&P{PZ}l(2)03563⁰³⁵⁶³

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

2-70

(FlyBase, 2016)

2-75.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (7)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

37532

37533

37530

37531

25954

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01974}attP2

VDRC

v109141

P{KK115868}VIE-260B

v48131

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD16710}v48131

Genomic Clones (12)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (152)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD41905

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0033926

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0033926

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

36595

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Ashley et al., 2018, Mattaliano et al., 2007)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Arc1 CG12505

(Montana and Littleton, 2006)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG12505 anon-WO0153538.31 anon-WO0153538.40 anon-WO0153538.41 anon-WO0153538.43 anon-WO0153538.45

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of CG12505 anon-WO0153538.31 anon-WO0153538.40 anon-WO0153538.41 anon-WO0153538.43 anon-WO0153538.45 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

Arc1 mutants are starvation-resistant, exhibiting an increased time of survival in the absence of food.

(Mattaliano et al., 2007)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 38 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

36595

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q7K1U0

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q7K1U0

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.