FB2022_02, released March 29, 2022

Gene: Dmel\Achl

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Achl
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Achilles
Annotation Symbol
CG17386
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0033936
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
1 publicly available
Gene Summary
Achilles (Achl) is a clock-controlled gene that is expressed in a rhythmic manner in the brain. It regulates wing development and expression of antimicrobial peptides. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
51A2-51A2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-71
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:14420324..14424764
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables mRNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513388
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables RNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513242
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in negative regulation of gene expression
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Li et al., 2017)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513388
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
part_of polysome
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000513388
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Achilles (Achl) is a clock-controlled gene that is expressed in a rhythmic manner in the brain. It regulates wing development and expression of antimicrobial peptides. [Date last reviewed: 2018-10-18]
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Achl for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A1Z9R1)

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Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Gene model reviewed during 5.56

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Achl-RA
FBtr0087488
NM_137120
4271
867
Achl-RB
FBtr0345529
NM_001299490
4441
867
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Achl-PA
FBpp0086617
95.6
867
7.06
NP_610964
AAF58246
Achl-PB
FBpp0311633
95.6
867
7.06
NP_001286419
AHN56217
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

867 aa isoforms: Achl-PA, Achl-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Achl using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Achl in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Achl
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Achl
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 0 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\LARP6
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\LARP1B
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\LARP1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\LARP4
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\LARP7
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\SSB
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (5)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Larp6
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Larp1b
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Larp1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Larp4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Ssb
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Larp6
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Larp1b
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Larp1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Ssb
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\larp6-like.1
6 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\larp6
4 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\larp1b
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\larp1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\ssb
1 of 12
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (5)
Drer\larp6a
8 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\larp6b
5 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\larp1b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\larp1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\ssb
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\larp-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\larp-5
1 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\ssb-1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (5)
Atha\LARP6a
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\LARP6c
3 of 9
Yes
Yes
Atha\LARP6b
2 of 9
No
No
Atha\La1
1 of 9
No
No
Atha\La2
1 of 9
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (2)
Scer\SLF1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\SRO9
1 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPAC1527.03
1 of 12
Yes
No
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
La
3 of 10
larp
3 of 10
Larp4B
2 of 10
Larp7
2 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    LARP6; La ribonucleoprotein 6, translational regulator
    9 of 15
    611300
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Interactions Browser
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        External Data
        Linkouts
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-71
        Cytogenetic map
        51A2-51A2
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        51A2-51A2
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Tfb106949&P{PZ}l(2)0356303563 and P{lacW}l(2)k16805k16805
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-71

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-75.6

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (1)
        Genomic Clones (25)
        cDNA Clones (9)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Achl CG17386

          (Li et al., 2017)
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Other Comments

          Shows particularly robust cycling of transcription in adult heads, as assessed by expression analysis using high density oligonucleotide arrays with probe generated during three 12-point time course experiments over the course of 6 days. Shows significant change of expression pattern in circadian mutant background; decreased expression in per01, tim01 and ClkJrk background.

          (Claridge-Chang et al., 2001)
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer
          Etymology

          The gene is named "Achilles" in recognition that its mutant phenotype protects flies against injury and infection, while simultaneously shortening their lifespan.

          (Li et al., 2017)
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 36 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
          Linkouts
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)
          Datasets (8)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (8)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_NI_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of hemocytes from non-infested third instar larvae
          scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_WI_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of hemocytes from wasp-infested third instar larvae
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI72LG_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 72 h after egg-laying
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96LG_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120LG_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_WI96LG_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from wasp-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96HL_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
          scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120HL_seq_clustering
          Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
          References (30)