FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\SiaT
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\SiaT
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Sialyltransferase
Annotation Symbol
CG4871
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0035050
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
18 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
beta-galactoside alpha-(2,6)-sialyltransferase (2.4.3.1)
Gene Summary
Sialyltransferase (SiaT) encodes an enzyme that functions in the sialylation pathway. It is required to produce sialylated glycans, which are important for nervous system function. It contributes to lifespan, locomotor abnormalities, response to heat and neuromuscular junction development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

DSiaT, dST6Gal I, α2,6-sialyltransferase, D.SiaT, St6Gal

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
60D14-60D14
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-107
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:24691422..24694386
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
enables sialyltransferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000346034
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables sialyltransferase activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001675
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in neuromuscular junction development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Repnikova et al., 2010)
involved_in oligosaccharide metabolic process
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
involved_in protein glycosylation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Scott et al., 2023)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in protein glycosylation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001675
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in sialylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000346034
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000346034
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase activity
a beta-D-galactoside + CMP-N-acetyl-beta-neuraminate = an N-acetyl-alpha- neuraminyl-(2->6)-beta-D-galactosyl derivative + CMP + H(+) (2.4.3.1)
RHEA 52104:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Sialyltransferase (SiaT) encodes an enzyme that functions in the sialylation pathway. It is required to produce sialylated glycans, which are important for nervous system function. It contributes to lifespan, locomotor abnormalities, response to heat and neuromuscular junction development. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SIALYLTRANSFERASES -
Sialyltransferases catalyze the conjugation of sialic acid moieties to proteins or lipids. Sialylated molecules have diverse functions in eukaryotes in development, immunity, cell-cell interaction, signaling pathways, cell death and differentiation and host cell-virus interactions. (Adapted from FBrf0240255.)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

mediates sialic acid transfer onto glycan termini - expressed during embryonic development in a tissue- and stage-specific fashion, with elevated expression in a subset of cells within the central nervous system - mutations result in significantly decreased life span, locomotor abnormalities, temperature-sensitive paralysis, and defects of neuromuscular junctions.

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\SiaT for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9GU23)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.52

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
SiaT-RA
FBtr0072442
NM_166684
1609
451
SiaT-RB
FBtr0072441
NM_079129
2229
474
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
SiaT-PA
FBpp0072347
51.2
451
9.91
Q9W121
NP_726474
AAF47256
SiaT-PB
FBpp0072346
53.9
474
10.00
Q9GU23
NP_523853
AAM70791
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\SiaT using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.70

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
presumptive embryonic salivary gland
(Fabini and Wilson, 2002)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 12 -- adult stage
organism
(Fabini and Wilson, 2002)
Additional Descriptive Data

Major peak of expression of SiaT on Northern blot is in 24 hour embryos.

(Fabini and Wilson, 2002)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in extracellular region
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
located_in Golgi apparatus
inferred from direct assay
(Koles et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\SiaT in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 4 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of SiaT
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of SiaT
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (21)
Hsap\ST6GAL2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ST6GAL1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST6GALNAC6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST8SIA1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST8SIA2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST8SIA3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST8SIA4
2 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\ST8SIA5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST8SIA6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\C20orf173
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\ST3GAL5
1 of 14
No
Yes
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (20)
Rnor\St6gal2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\St6gal1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St3gal6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St6galnac6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\St8sia6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (21)
Mmus\St6gal2
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\St6gal1
9 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St3gal6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\6430550D23Rik
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac3
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St6galnac6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\St8sia6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)
Xtro\st6gal2
8 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\atp6v1a
7 of 13
No
No
Xtro\st6gal1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\myh4
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\st3gal1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st3gal2.1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st3gal2.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st3gal5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st3gal6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\st6galnac3
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st6galnac5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st6galnac6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st8sia1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st8sia2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st8sia4
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st8sia5
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\st8sia6
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (26)
Drer\st6gal2b
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\st6gal1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6gal2a
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal3a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal3b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal4
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal5
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal8
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac1.2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac5a
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac5b
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia2
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia3
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia6
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia7.1
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal1l
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal2
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st3gal7
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac1.1
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac6
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st6galnac
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia4
1 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\st8sia5
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP006903
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\AT1G08280
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G48820
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\MGP2
2 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:SiaT. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ST6GAL2; ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 2
    11 of 14
    608472
        ST6GAL1; ST6 beta-galactoside alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 1
        10 of 14
        109675
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Other Interaction Browsers
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            Show/hide secondary interactors 
            (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            Other Interaction Browsers
            View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            SiaT
            enhanceable
            Csas
            (Islam et al., 2013)
            SiaT
            enhanceable
            para
            (Repnikova et al., 2010)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Cog7
            enhanceable
            SiaT
            (Frappaolo et al., 2017)
            Csas
            enhanceable
            SiaT
            (Islam et al., 2013)
            External Data
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            Pathways
            Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
            Metabolic Pathways
            FlyBase
            External Links
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            External Data
            Linkouts
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Class of Gene
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            2R
            Recombination map
            2-107
            Cytogenetic map
            60D14-60D14
            Sequence location
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            60D14-60D14
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Mmp1k04809 and P{EP}Reg-5EP1065
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            60E-60E
            (Farkas, 1999.12.21)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location

            2-107

            (FlyBase, 2016)

            2-111.2

            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (18)
            Genomic Clones (22)
            cDNA Clones (6)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequenced
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
              Other clones
              RNAi and Array Information
              Linkouts
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Antibody Information
              Laboratory Generated Antibodies
               

              polyclonal

              (Granell et al., 2011)
              Commercially Available Antibodies
               
              Cell Line Information
              Publicly Available Cell Lines
               
                Other Stable Cell Lines
                 
                Other Comments
                Relationship to Other Genes
                Source for database merge of
                Additional comments

                Source for identity of ST6Gal CG4871 was sequence comparison ( date:000916 ).

                (FlyBase, 1996-)
                Nomenclature History
                Source for database identify of

                Source for identity of: ST6Gal CG4871

                (FlyBase, 1996-)

                Source for identity of: SiaT ST6Gal

                (Koles et al., 2004)
                Nomenclature comments
                Etymology
                Synonyms and Secondary IDs (23)
                Datasets (0)
                Study focus (0)
                Experimental Role
                Project
                Project Type
                Title
                Study result (0)
                Result
                Result Type
                Title
                External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 45 )
                Sequence Crossreferences
                NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                Other crossreferences
                AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                References (74)