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Gene Dmel\HP4

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\HP4	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Heterochromatin protein 4	Annotation symbol	CG8044
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0035829
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	4 publicly available
Also Known As	hip
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	66A21-66A21	Sequence location	3L:7,968,538..7,969,254 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Heterochromatin protein 4 is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\HP4 (CG8044, FBgn0035829). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: chromatin organization. 5 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. Gene sequence location is 3L:7968538..7969254.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 66A21-66A21   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0721708223&P{EP}Rac2EP3118 and P{lacW}Nmtj1C7
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\HP4 for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Low-frequency RNA-seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) HP4-RA FBtr0076764  NM_139909   643   106 HP4-RB FBtr0076765  NM_168247   717   100
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein HP4-PA   FBpp0076479   12.1   106   10.41     NP_648166   AAN12034 HP4-PB   FBpp0076480   11.6   100   10.74     NP_729314   AAF50500
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA694827   AE014296 AAF50500   AE014296 AAN12034   AW941145   AY094743 AAM11096   BG633545   BI237356   BI358112   BP550967   BP552183   BP555170   BP560104   BT003761   BT030775   BT132888   BZ748847   CO282981   CO283207   CO310082   CO324285   CO326067   CO327294   CO327575   CO327725   EC062012   EC073766   EC086259   EC222712   EC236522   EC253253   EC254495   EC255535   EC259201   EV576949   EV596210
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q8IQ92 Q9VSC4 Q8T3N9
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
chromocenter inferred from direct assay (Greil et al., 2007) nucleolus inferred from direct assay (Joppich et al., 2009) polytene chromosome band inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008) polytene chromosome chromocenter inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009) polytene chromosome, telomeric region inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Two or more Affy2 ProbeSets identify exons of this gene. This is a summary of the tissue expression peaks exhibited in at least one of these ProbeSets. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult ovary. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, adult central nervous system, adult crop, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male reproductive system, larval carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (90) central nervous system, larvae L3  (95) central nervous system, pupae P8  (40) head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (35) carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (103) ovary, mated 4-day female  (66) testis, mated 4-day male  (27) accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (90) central nervous system, larvae L3  (95) central nervous system, pupae P8  (40) head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (35) carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (103) ovary, mated 4-day female  (66) testis, mated 4-day male  27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female  103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    90 central nervous system, larvae L3    95 central nervous system, pupae P8    40 head, virgin 1-day female    15 head, virgin 4-day female    11 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    6 head, mated 4-day female    6 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    11 head, mated 4-day male    11 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    3 salivary gland, white prepupae    10 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    19 digestive system, 1-day adult    11 digestive system, 4-day adult    10 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    6 fat body, white prepupae    18 fat body, pupae P8    21 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    35 carcass, 1-day adult    8 carcass, 4-day adult    9 carcass, 20-day adult    12 ovary, virgin 4-day female    103 ovary, mated 4-day female    66 testis, mated 4-day male    27 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    12 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr    167 embryo 04-06hr    236 embryo 06-08hr    174 embryo 08-10hr    144 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (93) embryo 02-04hr  (167) embryo 04-06hr  (236) embryo 06-08hr  (174) embryo 08-10hr  (144) embryo 10-12hr  (72) embryo 12-14hr  (62) embryo 14-16hr  (39) embryo 16-18hr  (30) embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (28) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (43) white prepupae new  (37) white prepupae 12hr  (59) white prepupae 24hr  (57) pupae 2d postWPP  (52) pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day  (47) adult female 30day  (43) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr  (167) embryo 04-06hr  (236) embryo 06-08hr  (174) embryo 08-10hr  (144) embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr    167 embryo 04-06hr    236 embryo 06-08hr    174 embryo 08-10hr    144 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr    167 embryo 04-06hr    236 embryo 06-08hr    174 embryo 08-10hr    144 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (93) embryo 02-04hr  (167) embryo 04-06hr  (236) embryo 06-08hr  (174) embryo 08-10hr  (144) embryo 10-12hr  (72) embryo 12-14hr  (62) embryo 14-16hr  (39) embryo 16-18hr  30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6  28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (43) white prepupae new  (37) white prepupae 12hr  (59) white prepupae 24hr  (57) pupae 2d postWPP  (52) pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day  (47) adult female 30day  (43) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr  (167) embryo 04-06hr  (236) embryo 06-08hr  (174) embryo 08-10hr  (144) embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    93 embryo 02-04hr    167 embryo 04-06hr    236 embryo 06-08hr    174 embryo 08-10hr    144 embryo 10-12hr    72 embryo 12-14hr    62 embryo 14-16hr    39 embryo 16-18hr    30 embryo 18-20hr    16 embryo 20-22hr    16 embryo 22-24hr    21 larva L1    9 larva L2    20 larva L3 12hr old    14 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    23 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    28 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    43 white prepupae new    37 white prepupae 12hr    59 white prepupae 24hr    57 pupae 2d postWPP    52 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    15 adult male 01day    14 adult male 05day    16 adult male 30day    16 adult female 01day    23 adult female 05day    47 adult female 30day    43 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1    117 embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    110 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (68) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (76) embryonic 1182-4H  (66) embryonic GM2  (42) embryonic Kc167  (63) embryonic S1  (117) embryonic S3  (95) leg disc CME L1  (73) wing disc CME-W2  (85) wing disc ML-DmD8  (64) wing disc ML-DmD9  (63) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (59) wing disc ML-DmD21  (90) wing disc ML-DmD32  (38) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (84) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (51) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (75) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (53) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (110) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (55) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (55) ovary fGS/OSS  (62) ovary OSC  (85) ovary OSS  (35) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1  (117) embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (110) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1    117 embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    110 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1    117 embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    110 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (68) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (76) embryonic 1182-4H  (66) embryonic GM2  (42) embryonic Kc167  (63) embryonic S1  (117) embryonic S3  (95) leg disc CME L1  (73) wing disc CME-W2  (85) wing disc ML-DmD8  (64) wing disc ML-DmD9  (63) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (59) wing disc ML-DmD21  (90) wing disc ML-DmD32  (38) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (84) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (51) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (75) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (53) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (110) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (55) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (55) ovary fGS/OSS  (62) ovary OSC  (85) ovary OSS  (35) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1  117 embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  110 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    68 Schneider line 2 Sg4    76 embryonic 1182-4H    66 embryonic GM2    42 embryonic Kc167    63 embryonic S1    117 embryonic S3    95 leg disc CME L1    73 wing disc CME-W2    85 wing disc ML-DmD8    64 wing disc ML-DmD9    63 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    59 wing disc ML-DmD21    90 wing disc ML-DmD32    38 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    84 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    51 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    75 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    53 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    110 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    55 tumorous blood cells mbn2    55 ovary fGS/OSS    62 ovary OSC    85 ovary OSS    35 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (31) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (50) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (30) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (54) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (53) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (32) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult  (39) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (50) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (54) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (53) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (45) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    14 cold shock, 4-day adult    14 heat shock, 4-day adult    39 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    25 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    40 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    50 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    30 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    17 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    9 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    54 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    22 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    19 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    21 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    53 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    16 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    45 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    32 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    22 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    26 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_30 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_03
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0035829 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8044-RA;CG8044-RB
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable HP441 HP4EY01733 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 HP4GD10471 Sterility Allele fertile HP441 HP4EY01733 Other Phenotypes Allele suppressor of variegation, with In(1)wm4 HP4+t1.2 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with In(1)wm4 HP441 suppressor of variegation | dominant, with T(2;3)SbV HP4EY01733 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 2 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of HP4 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HP4EY01733 P-element activity 1 Yes HP441 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 3 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of HP4 Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion HP4GD10471 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes HP4KK109639 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes HP4+t1.2 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Exel6279 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Partially disrupted in	Df(3L)Hip41 (Schwendemann et al., 2008)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{KK109639} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}HP4EY01733 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
chromatin organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Schwendemann et al., 2008)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
chromocenter inferred from direct assay (Greil et al., 2007) nucleolus inferred from direct assay (Joppich et al., 2009) polytene chromosome, telomeric region inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009) polytene chromosome band inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008) polytene chromosome chromocenter inferred from direct assay (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions HP4 allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64313 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0035829 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38887
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (12) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6HQF51 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6HQF51)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\HP4     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD13027 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM24978 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG14928 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE20380 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10631 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA28494 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL17816 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20312 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11420 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI12184 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16506 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD13027 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM24978 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG14928 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE20380 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10631 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA28494 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL17816 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20312 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11420 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI12184 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16506
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 4 )
Bloomington	15370 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}HP4EY01733
VDRC	v104801 P{KK109639}VIE-260B v34074 w1118; P{GD10471}v34074 v34075 w1118; P{GD10471}v34075
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR27G13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 28 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GM01628 RE44783
Other clones	FI01426 FI16703
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GM01621 RE33574
Other clones	43644 51215 65862 97723 214225.68 214317.72 214469.71 214469.72 Dmel_dig_016048_0668_2163 Dmel_neb_012395_0591_3059 EK161924 EK162610 EK193128 EK220421 EP03161 EP06730 EP07554 EP07930 FGM210B12 FGM217C09 FGM233G12 FGM324F11
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0035829 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38887
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Hip CG8044 (Schwendemann et al., 2008) Source for identity of: HP4 Hip (Greil et al., 2007)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: CG8044 BcDNA:GM01628 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of CG8044 BcDNA:GM01628 was a shared cDNA (date:020730). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_139909 NM_168247 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_648166 NP_729314 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA694827 AAF50500 AAM11096 AAN12034 AW941145 AY094743 BI358112 BZ748847 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38887 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8IQ92 Q8T3N9 Q9VSC4
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64313 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0035829 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0035829 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0035829 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG8044-RA;CG8044-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0035829 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38887 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38887 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0035829
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:GM01628   CG8044 (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Greil et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) hip (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009, Hofmann et al., 2010) Hip (Schwendemann et al., 2008, McLellan et al., 2008) HP4 (Greil et al., 2007, de Wit et al., 2008, van Steensel et al., 2010, Brideau and Barbash, 2011)
Name Synonym	CG8044   Heterochromatin protein 4   HP1-interacting protein (Schwendemann et al., 2008, Joppich et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0062494
References ( 19 )
Research paper	Brideau and Barbash, 2011, BMC Evol. Biol. 11: 57 Functional conservation of the Drosophila hybrid incompatibility gene Lhr. [FBrf0213263] Hofmann et al., 2010, Chromosome Res. 18(3): 307--324 The winged-helix transcription factor JUMU regulates development, nucleolus morphology and function, and chromatin organization of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210558] van Steensel et al., 2010, Genome Res. 20(2): 190--200 Bayesian network analysis of targeting interactions in chromatin. [FBrf0209848] Joppich et al., 2009, Chromosome Res. 17(1): 19--36 Umbrea, a chromo shadow domain protein in Drosophila melanogaster heterochromatin, interacts with Hip, HP1 and HOAP. [FBrf0207567] de Wit et al., 2008, PLoS Genet. 4(3): e1000045 Global chromatin domain organization of the Drosophila genome. [FBrf0210327] McLellan et al., 2008, Nature 455(7215): 979--983 The mode of hedgehog binding to Ihog homologues is not conserved across different phyla. [FBrf0206099] Schwendemann et al., 2008, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 105(1): 204--209 Hip, an HP1-interacting protein, is a haplo- and triplo-suppressor of position effect variegation. [FBrf0203015] Greil et al., 2007, EMBO J. 26(3): 741--751 HP1 controls genomic targeting of four novel heterochromatin proteins in Drosophila. [FBrf0192671]
Supplementary material	Graveley et al., 2011, Nature 471(7339): Supplementary Table 33. Fuzzy Cluster Members. [FBrf0213980] The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Science 330(6012): DataS14: Gene co-expression clusters. [FBrf0213979] Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Nature 458(7241): Supplementary Table 2 - Genome-wide bristle screen results. [FBrf0214518] Giot et al., 2003, Science 302(5651): Tables S1 to S7. [FBrf0166452]
Personal communication to FlyBase	Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, RNAi-phiC31 construct and insertion data submitted by the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center RNAi-phiC31 construct and insertion data submitted by the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center [FBrf0208510] Dickson et al., 2007.7.18, RNAi construct and insertion data submitted by the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center RNAi construct and insertion data submitted by the Vienna Drosophila RNAi Center [FBrf0200327] Ryder, 2004.4.26, Exelixis CG deletion data. Exelixis CG deletion data. [FBrf0184335] Gene Disruption Project members, 2001-, (Computer file) (Computer file) [FBrf0132177] BDGP Project Members, 2000-, Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project. (Computer file) Berkeley Drosophila Genome Project. (Computer file) [FBrf0125078]
FlyBase analysis	FlyBase, 1996-, FlyBase inference based on genome sequence analysis. FlyBase inference based on genome sequence analysis. [FBrf0104946] FlyBase, 1992-, FlyBase curation. FlyBase curation. [FBrf0105495]