FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\UbcE2M

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\UbcE2M

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

NEDD8-conjugating enzyme UbcE2M

Annotation Symbol

CG7375

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0035853

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

9 publicly available

Gene Summary

Accepts the ubiquitin-like protein Nedd8 from the Uba3-APP-BP1 E1 complex and catalyzes its covalent attachment to other proteins. Required for Cul1 and Cul3 neddylation. Negatively regulates full-length ci stability and hedgehog signaling. (UniProt, Q9VSF3)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Pathway
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Ubc12

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

66B12-66B12

Sequence location

3L:8,195,847..8,197,987 [-]

Recombination map

3-22

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:8195847..8197987

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)

Molecular Function (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables NEDD8 conjugating enzyme activity

inferred from direct assay

(Du et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables NEDD8 transferase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000630367

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9XVK5

(assigned by UniProt )

(UniProt Curators, 2002-)

Biological Process (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in negative regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Du et al., 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of smoothened signaling pathway

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Park et al., 2016)

involved_in protein neddylation

inferred from direct assay

(Du et al., 2011)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in cellular protein modification process

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P61081

(assigned by UniProt )

(UniProt Curators, 2002-)

involved_in protein neddylation

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9XVK5

(assigned by UniProt )

(UniProt Curators, 2002-)

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000630367

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in nucleus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002514495

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEDD8 TRANSFERASES

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway

Positive Regulators of Imd Signaling Pathway

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme family. UBC12 subfamily. (Q9VSF3)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Pathway (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of Imd Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway result in the increased activity of the NFκB-like transcription factor Rel in the nucleus. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

NEDD8 TRANSFERASES -: NEDD8 transferases catalyse the transfer of the ubiquitin-like protein NEDD8 from one substrate to another. They include NEDD8 conjugating (E2) enzymes and NEDD8 ligase (E3) enzymes, which act sequentially in a process analogous to ubiquitination, and result in covalent attachment of NEDD8 to target proteins. Neddylation results in activation of members of the cullin-RING family of ubiquitin E3 ligases, which appear to be the major NEDD8 targets in the cell. (Adapted from PMID:25531226.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9VSF3)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\UbcE2M for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9VSF3)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

UbcE2M-RA

FBtr0076722

NM_139930

913

181

UbcE2M-RB

FBtr0332138

NM_001274638

916

181

UbcE2M-RC

FBtr0332139

NM_001274639

1729

181

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

UbcE2M-PA

FBpp0076445

20.7

181

7.21

NP_648187

AAF50468

UbcE2M-PB

FBpp0304448

20.7

181

7.21

NP_001261567

AGB94262

UbcE2M-PC

FBpp0304449

20.7

181

7.21

NP_001261568

AGB94263

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

181 aa isoforms: UbcE2M-PA, UbcE2M-PB, UbcE2M-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Uba3.

(UniProt, Q9VSF3)

Domain

Both the N-terminal docking peptide and the catalytic core domain must bind the Uba3-Ula1 complex simultaneously for optimal transfer of Nedd8.

(UniProt, Q9VSF3)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\UbcE2M using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

UbcE2M_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

third instar larval stage

wing disc | ubiquitous

(Du et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\UbcE2M in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\UbcE2M

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\UbcE2M

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0035853

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38916/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0035853

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0035853

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0035853

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7375

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0035853

Images

FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)

Show all FlyExpress processed images for Dmel\UbcE2M

Stages(s) 1-3
Stages(s) 4-6
Stages(s) 7-8
Stages(s) 9-10
Stages(s) 11-12
Stages(s) 13-16

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of UbcE2M

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of UbcE2M

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene disrupted in

Df(3L)Exel6112

(Ryder, 2004.4.26)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

UbcE2M^GD12219

lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

UbcE2M^GD12219

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

UbcE2M^GD12219

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

UbcE2M^GD12219

Other Phenotypes

Allele

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

UbcE2M^GD12219

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\UBE2M

14 of 15

Yes

Hsap\UBE2F

2 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Ube2m

14 of 15

Yes

Mmus\Ube2f

2 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)

Rnor\Ube2m

11 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Ube2f

2 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)

Xtro\ube2m

12 of 12

Yes

Xtro\ube2f

3 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

Drer\si:ch1073-205c8.3

8 of 15

Yes

Drer\ube2f

5 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\ubc-12

4 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

Atha\AT2G18600

9 of 9

Yes

Atha\RCE1

9 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\UBC12

14 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\ubc12

11 of 12

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (31)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

ben

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

vih

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

eff

1 of 10

Kua

1 of 10

lwr

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

UBE2M; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme E2 M

14 of 15

603173

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

UbcE2M - AnxB10

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

UbcE2M - Aos1

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

UbcE2M - CG15717

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

UbcE2M - CG7675

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

UbcE2M - Uba2

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Uba3.

(UniProt, Q9VSF3 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64336

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0035853

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

UbcE2M

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Negative Regulators of Hedgehog Signaling Pathway -: Negative regulators of hedgehog signaling down-regulate the pathway, resulting in the repression of transcription of hh-responsive genes.
Positive Regulators of Imd Signaling Pathway -: Positive regulators of the immune deficiency (Imd) pathway result in the increased activity of the NFκB-like transcription factor Rel in the nucleus. (Adapted from FBrf0224587 and FBrf0238555.)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0035853

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-22

Cytogenetic map

66B12-66B12

Sequence location

3L:8,195,847..8,197,987 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

66B12-66B12

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Nmt^j1C7 and P{lacW}l(3)L0139^L0139

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-22

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-19.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (9)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

30602

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}UbcE2M^MI00049/TM6B, Tb¹

22589

y¹ w^67c23; P{EPgy2}UbcE2M^EY22840/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

16178

y¹ w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{5HPw⁺}UbcE2M^B238/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

66892

y¹ w^*; Mi{PT-GFSTF.0}UbcE2M^{MI00049-GFSTF.0}/TM6C, Sb¹ Tb¹

77902

y¹ w^*; Mi{Trojan-GAL4.0}UbcE2M^{MI00049-TG4.0}/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

FlyORF

F003044

M{UAS-UbcE2M.ORF.3xHA.GW}ZH-86Fb

Kyoto

141316

y^* w^*; PBac{SAstopDsRed}UbcE2M^LL04684 P{FRT(w^hs)}2A P{neoFRT}82B P{Car20y}96E/TM6B, Tb¹

VDRC

v100761

P{KK108493}VIE-260B

v35219

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD12219}v35219

Genomic Clones (15)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (124)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD29377

Other clones

DPiM_LD29377

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0035853

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0035853

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

38916

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Ubc12 CG7375

(Du et al., 2011)

Source for identity of: UbcE2M Ubc12

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG7375 anon-WO0118547.309

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Originally named 'Ubc12' in FBrf0215574 after human/vertebrate 'Ubc12' , but renamed to 'UbcE2M' to (i) avoid confusion with an extant Ubc naming system where the number after the 'Ubc' prefix reflects the order the Ubc genes were characterized; and (ii) reflect the current human gene symbol (at the HGNC).

(FlyBase, 2009-)

Source for merge of CG7375 anon-WO0118547.309 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

Area matching Drosophila EST AI259832. This EST overlaps ESTS AA990765 and has sequence similarity to Human ubiquitin conjugating enzyme 12 gene. Probable intron in gene represented by EST AI259832.

(Davies, 2001.3.15)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Named 'Ubc12' based on the symbol of the human/vertebrate ortholog.

(Du et al., 2011)

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 50 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38916

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9VSF3

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9VSF3

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

M9PBW0

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9VSF3

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0035853

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0035853

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38916/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0035853

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

UbcE2M_1

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0035853

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0035853

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG7375

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0035853

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0035853

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

38916

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC003234

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG7375

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38916

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0035853

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

Q9VSF3

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

64336

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0035853

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0035853

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0035853

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0035853

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

UbcE2M

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG7375

(Çiçek et al., 2016, Park et al., 2016, Hosono et al., 2015, Gurudatta et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Du et al., 2011, Du et al., 2011, Broemer et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Michelle et al., 2009, Tomancak et al., 2007, Yi et al., 2007)

UBC12

(Enchev et al., 2015)

Ubc12

(Park et al., 2016, Strutt et al., 2013, Strutt et al., 2013)

UbcD12

(Broemer et al., 2010)

UbcE2M

(Meltzer et al., 2019, Gene Disruption Project members, 2016-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-)

anon-WO0118547.309

dUbc12

(Du et al., 2011)

ubcD12