• Home
• Tools
  • Tools Overview
  • Query Tools

    
    • QuickSearch
    • QueryBuilder
    • TermLink
    • CytoSearch
    • RNA-Seq Search
    • Interactions Browser
    • ImageBrowse
    • Find A Person
    • Google™ FlyBase
  • Genomic/Map Tools

    
    • BLAST
    • GBrowse
    • GBrowse 2 Beta
    • CytoSearch
    • Feature Mapper
    • Aberrations Maps
    • Chromosome Maps
    • Coordinates Converter
  • Retrieve/Convert

    
    • Batch Download
    • Coordinates Converter
    • ID Converter
  • Data Submission

    
    • Fast-Track Your Paper
    • Submit Personal Comm
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
  • People

    
    • Find A Person
    • Add A New Person
    • Update Person Info
• Files
  • Files Overview
  • Current release
  • Archived releases
  • Map Conversion
  • FTP site:
  • Releases (FTP)
  • Genomes (FTP)
• Species
  • Phylogeny
  • Sequenced Species
  • Synteny Table
  • Color Illustrations
  • Abbreviations
• Documents
  • About FlyBase
  • Reference Manual:
  • Sections
  • Contents
  • Nomenclature
  • Release Notes
• Resources
  • All Resources
  • Model Organisms
  • Stock Collections
  • Vectors & Constructs
  • Other links:
  • BDGP
  • DGRC
  • DIS by issue
  • FlyExpress
  • Interactive Fly
  • modENCODE
  • Textpresso for Fly
• News
  • News
  • FlyBase Forum
  • FlyBase Positions
  • Meetings
  • Courses
  • Fly Board
  • White papers
  • Funding
  • bionet.dros
• Help
  • Google™ FlyBase
  • Site Map
  • FAQs
  • FlyBase Guides
  • Video Tutorials
  • Report help
  • New to Flies
  • Pers. comm.
  • Author guidelines
  • Contact FlyBase
• Archives
  • Prior Release
  • Other Archives
  • Coordinate Converter

Gene Dmel\PGRP-LC

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\PGRP-LC	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC	Annotation symbol	CG4432
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0035976
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	16 publicly available
Also Known As	PGRP-LCx, PGRP-LCa, ird7
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	67B1-67B1	Sequence location	3L:9,331,910..9,341,436 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\PGRP-LC (CG4432, FBgn0035976). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: peptidoglycan receptor activity; protein binding; Gram-negative bacterial cell surface binding; protein dimerization activity; peptidoglycan binding. There is experimental evidence for 11 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: biological regulation; immune system process; immune response; response to other organism; response to stress; response to stimulus; response to bacterium; defense response to bacterium; positive regulation of cellular biosynthetic process; positive regulation of cellular amide metabolic process. 62 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: wing. It has 7 annotated transcripts and 7 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain; Peptidoglycan recognition protein; Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria; Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type; Zinc finger, PHD-finger; Zinc finger, PHD-type; Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1641723_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 1 of the 6 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of PGRP-LC. Gene sequence location is 3L:9331910..9341436.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 67B1-67B1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0162901629&P{PZ}mRpL1210534 and P{EP}Hsp26EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26EP3315
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Wu et al., 2001)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes	Maps near to h. (Wu et al., 2001)
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\PGRP-LC for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.39 Gene model reviewed during 5.46 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters. Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) PGRP-LC-RA FBtr0089490  NM_168324   1876   500 PGRP-LC-RB FBtr0089491  NM_140041   2039   520 PGRP-LC-RC FBtr0089492  NM_206308   2579   511 PGRP-LC-RD FBtr0300290  NM_001169925   1781   500 PGRP-LC-RE FBtr0300291  NM_001169926   1048   329 PGRP-LC-RG FBtr0301773  NM_001169927   1928   345 PGRP-LC-RH FBtr0308349  NM_001259764   1935   520
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein PGRP-LC-PA   FBpp0088491   54.1   500   6.45     NP_729468   AAF50302 PGRP-LC-PB   FBpp0088492   56.0   520   5.69     NP_648298   AAN11957 PGRP-LC-PC   FBpp0088998   55.6   511   6.59     NP_996030   AAS65052 PGRP-LC-PD   FBpp0289518   54.1   500   6.45     NP_001163396   ACZ94667 PGRP-LC-PE   FBpp0289519   37.4   329   8.42     NP_001163397   ACZ94668 PGRP-LC-PG   FBpp0290987   36.7   345   5.40     NP_001163398   ACZ94669 PGRP-LC-PH   FBpp0300668   56.0   520   5.69     NP_001246693   AFH04364
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain (IPR002502) Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria (IPR006619) Peptidoglycan recognition protein (IPR015510) Zinc finger, PHD-type (IPR001965) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083) Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type (IPR011011) Zinc finger, PHD-finger (IPR019787)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA698279   AE014296 AAF50302   AE014296 AAN11957   AE014296 AAS65052   AE014296 ACZ94667   AE014296 ACZ94668   AE014296 ACZ94669   AF207539 AAG23733   AF500096 AAM18530   AE014296 AFH04364   AI134197   AI293536   AI533041   AY119048 AAM50908   AY327466 AAQ16306   AY327467   AZ933363   BF504385   BG632634   BG639708   BI167377   BI241281   BI565144   BI632452   BI639925   BP555293   BT025958   CK657093   CO177026   CO190554   CO263138   CO273808   CO287125   CO289422   CO297998   CO304417   CO323395   CO326454   CZ475747   CZ478308   CZ485428   CZ485429   EC063145   EC070266   EC072023   EC083894   EC218353   EC234364   EC237241   EC254399   EL884635   EL884743   GH943339   GH945739   GH948311   GH949723   GH950024   GH950964   GH953473   GH953540   GH957903   GH961332   GH961816   GH962237   GH962559   GH963156   GH964057   GH965027   GH969243   GH972431   GH976535   GH978681   GH981975   GH982972   GH983884   GH984609
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9GNK5
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	E1JI89 E1JI88 E1JI87
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic dorsal epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic large intestine   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic ventral epidermis   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval lymph gland   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
apicolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Neyen et al., 2012) integral to plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Kaneko et al., 2004)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut, adult heart, adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, larval/adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    4.4 Larval Midgut    37.3 Larval Hindgut    150.9 Larval Malpighian Tubules    39.2 Larval Fat Body    84.2 Larval Salivary Gland    185.1 Larval Trachea    144.65 Larval Carcass    119.775 Adult Head    91 Adult Eye    31.35 Adult Brain    17.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    15.6 Adult Crop    229.5 Adult Midgut    75.3 Adult Hindgut    240.9 Adult Malpighian Tubules    88.1 Adult Fat Body    202.1 Adult Salivary Gland    132.3 Adult Heart    236.925 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6 Adult Ovary    54.3 Adult Testis    5 Adult Male Accessory Gland    21.6 Adult Carcass    194.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    91   NA  Eye    31.35   NA  Brain    17.7   4.4  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    no informative data   NA  Crop    229.5   37.3  Midgut    75.3   150.9  Hindgut    240.9   39.2  Malpighian Tubules    88.1   84.2  Fat Body    202.1   185.1  Salivary Gland    132.3   NA  Heart    236.925   144.65  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    198.2   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    160.6   NA  Ovary    54.3   NA  Testis    5   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   119.775  Carcass    194.6 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae  (30) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae  30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    2 central nervous system, larvae L3    1 central nervous system, pupae P8    1 head, virgin 1-day female    8 head, virgin 4-day female    8 head, virgin 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day female    7 head, mated 4-day female    9 head, mated 20-day female    8 head, mated 1-day male    10 head, mated 4-day male    10 head, mated 20-day male    18 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    6 salivary gland, white prepupae    30 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    10 digestive system, 1-day adult    6 digestive system, 4-day adult    8 digestive system, 20-day adult    8 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    4 fat body, white prepupae    14 fat body, pupae P8    19 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    6 carcass, 1-day adult    9 carcass, 4-day adult    12 carcass, 20-day adult    20 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    1 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    2 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr  (36) white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr  (36) white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    2 embryo 08-10hr    4 embryo 10-12hr    15 embryo 12-14hr    16 embryo 14-16hr    9 embryo 16-18hr    8 embryo 18-20hr    9 embryo 20-22hr    10 embryo 22-24hr    12 larva L1    8 larva L2    7 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    10 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    17 white prepupae new    24 white prepupae 12hr    36 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    14 pupae 3d postWPP    8 pupae 4d postWPP    16 adult male 01day    11 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    14 adult female 01day    8 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1  (36) embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (28) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (28) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (35) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1  (36) embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  28 tumorous blood cells mbn2  (35) ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    2 Schneider line 2 Sg4    3 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    8 embryonic Kc167    1 embryonic S1    36 embryonic S3    14 leg disc CME L1    3 wing disc CME-W2    8 wing disc ML-DmD8    1 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    13 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    1 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    20 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    12 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    28 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    28 tumorous blood cells mbn2    35 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    8 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    4 cold shock, 4-day adult    3 heat shock, 4-day adult    6 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    5 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    8 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    12 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    8 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    6 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    8 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    7 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    11 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    6 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    5 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_25 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_14
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LP06704 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0035976 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4432-RB FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for PGRP-LC Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT PGRP-LCGX6548 viable PGRP-LC1 PGRP-LC2 PGRP-LCunspecified Sterility Allele fertile PGRP-LC1 PGRP-LC2 Other Phenotypes Allele immune response defective PGRP-LC1 PGRP-LCN18 PGRP-LCunspecified PGRP-LCΔ5 PGRP-LCΔE immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-III.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-V.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCII.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-IV.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-VI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-III.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-V.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCII.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-IV.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-VI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG immune response defective, with Scer\GAL4yolk PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-III.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCa-V.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCII.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-IV.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx-VI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG immune response defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4yolk PGRP-LCA.EC.Scer\UAS PGRP-LCA.TM+EC.Scer\UAS immune response defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB PGRP-LCA.EC.Scer\UAS PGRP-LCA.TM+EC.Scer\UAS immune response defective | recessive PGRP-LCunspecified melanotic mass phenotype | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG melanotic mass phenotype | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG melanotic mass phenotype | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG melanotic mass phenotype | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4Hml.PG PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG short lived | conditional PGRP-LCΔE visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 PGRP-LCA.Scer\UAS Phenotype manifest in Allele wing, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544 PGRP-LCA.Scer\UAS
Classical Alleles ( 21 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of PGRP-LC Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PGRP-LC1 ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes PGRP-LCBG00650 P-element activity 1 Yes PGRP-LCd03042 1 -- PGRP-LCd07454 wild-type allele, loss of function allele P-element activity 1 Yes PGRP-LCe00419 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PGRP-LCe01731 1 -- PGRP-LCf02875 piggyBac transposase 1 -- PGRP-LCMI00676 1 -- PGRP-LCMI06861 1 -- PGRP-LCΔ5 loss of function allele P-element activity 1 Yes PGRP-LC0693 P-element activity 0 Yes PGRP-LC2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes PGRP-LCd05175 0 -- PGRP-LCd09901 0 -- PGRP-LCd10768 0 -- PGRP-LCd10814 0 -- PGRP-LCGX6548 Delta2-3 0 -- PGRP-LCN18 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 0 Yes PGRP-LCunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- PGRP-LCΔ34 P-element activity 0 Yes PGRP-LCΔE P-element activity recombination 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 41 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of PGRP-LC Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes PGRP-LCGD2387 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PGRP-LCHMS00259 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PGRP-LCKK105287 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes PGRP-LC+tNa in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes PGRP-LC500.dsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCa-III.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCa-V.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCA.EC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCA.IC.Scer\UAS 0 Yes PGRP-LCa.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCa.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCA.TM+EC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCA.TM+IC.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCdsRNA.a in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCdsRNA.cCa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCdsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCdsRNA.x in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCdsRNA.y in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes PGRP-LCI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCII.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCLCa.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCLCa in vitro construct 0 Yes PGRP-LCLCx in vitro construct 0 Yes PGRP-LCLCy in vitro construct 0 Yes PGRP-LCNIG.4432R 0 -- PGRP-LCScer\UAS.cGa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCsLCx.MtnA.T:Zzzz\His6 in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCT:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx-IV.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx-VI.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Scer\UAS.T:Zzzz\FLAG in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Δ1-144.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Δ1-263.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Δ333-500.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes PGRP-LCx.Δ394-500.MtnA.T:SV5\V5,T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)29A6 (Wu et al., 2001)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD2387} NA P{KK105287} NA P{TRiP.HMS00259} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.500} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.A.EC} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a.eGFP} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.A.IC} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.A.TM+EC} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.A.TM+IC} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.A} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a-III.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a-V.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.G} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.I.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.II.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x.eGFP} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x-IV.FLAG} NA P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x-VI.FLAG} NA characterization construct M{GFP-PGRP-LC.PGRP-LF} NA M{GFP-PGRP-LC} NA M{PGRP-LC.PGRP-LF} NA M{PGRP-LC} NA M{PGRP-LCa} NA M{PGRP-LCx} NA M{PGRP-LCy.PGRP-LF} NA P{NIG.4432R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}PGRP-LCGX6548 NA P{XP}4396 NA P{XP}PGRP-LC0693 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd03042 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd05175 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd07454 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd09901 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd10768 NA P{XP}PGRP-LCd10814 NA miscellaneous insertions Mi{MIC}PGRP-LCMI00676a NA Mi{MIC}PGRP-LCMI00676b NA Mi{MIC}PGRP-LCMI06861 NA P{GT1}PGRP-LCBG00650 NA P{GT1}PGRP-LCN18 NA PBac{RB}PGRP-LCe00419 NA PBac{RB}PGRP-LCe01731 NA PBac{WH}PGRP-LCf02875 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}DJ646 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 27 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
Gram-negative bacterial cell surface binding inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Werner et al., 2003) peptidoglycan binding inferred from direct assay (Mellroth et al., 2005) peptidoglycan receptor activity inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaneko et al., 2004) protein binding inferred from physical interaction with pirk (Aggarwal et al., 2008) protein dimerization activity inferred from direct assay (Kaneko et al., 2004)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antibacterial humoral response inferred from direct assay (assigned by UniProtKB) (Werner et al., 2003) antimicrobial humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Kleino et al., 2005) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium inferred from direct assay (Schmidt et al., 2008) inferred from mutant phenotype (Gobert et al., 2003, Gottar et al., 2002) defense response to virus inferred from mutant phenotype (Costa et al., 2009) immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Ramet et al., 2002, Takehana et al., 2004) peptidoglycan recognition protein signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with imd (Gottar et al., 2002) inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaneko et al., 2004) positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process inferred from mutant phenotype (Choe et al., 2002) positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria inferred from mutant phenotype (Kaneko et al., 2004, Gottar et al., 2002) regulation of humoral immune response inferred from mutant phenotype (Schmidt et al., 2008) regulation of melanization defense response inferred from mutant phenotype (Schmidt et al., 2008) response to bacterium inferred from mutant phenotype (Takehana et al., 2004)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
apicolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Neyen et al., 2012) integral to plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Kaneko et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 17 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR015510 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) pattern recognition receptor activity traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003) peptidoglycan binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O76537 (Werner et al., 2000) non-traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) peptidoglycan receptor activity non-traceable author statement (Werner, 1999.11.19, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) traceable author statement (assigned by UniProtKB) (Leulier et al., 2003) protein dimerization activity non-traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) zinc ion binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006619 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
defense response non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20) defense response to Gram-negative bacterium traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003, Evans et al., 2003, Brennan and Anderson, 2004, Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) detection of bacterium non-traceable author statement (Werner, 1999.11.19) immune response inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O76537 (Werner et al., 2000) innate immune response non-traceable author statement (Kwiatkowski, 2005) traceable author statement (Steiner, 2004) peptidoglycan catabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002502, InterPro:IPR006619, InterPro:IPR015510 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) phagocytosis traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) positive regulation of antibacterial peptide biosynthetic process traceable author statement (Brennan and Anderson, 2004) positive regulation of biosynthetic process of antibacterial peptides active against Gram-negative bacteria non-traceable author statement (Ligoxtgakis, 2002)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Werner et al., 2000) non-traceable author statement (Leclerc and Reichhart, 2004) traceable author statement (Janssens and Beyaert, 2003) integral to plasma membrane non-traceable author statement (Lemaitre, 2000.12.20)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
PGRP-LC - Atx2 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - CG11107 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - CG5726 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - CG6701 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - Spn42Da anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - Vps28 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - kst anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - pirk anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) PGRP-LC - tyf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions PGRP-LC allele Gene References unspecified eater (Kocks et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64460 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0035976 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0035976 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39063
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (94) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6W3T71 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG6C2HKS Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6T4BRW Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6VX0NG Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6VMT94
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6W3T71)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\PGRP-LC     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD14166 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM25129 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15356 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE20818 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10680 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA29295 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL18427 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK23800 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ13383 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI12108 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH15170 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6C2HKS)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL009474 Y Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\PGRPS1 Y Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ007162 Y
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6T4BRW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\PGRP-LC Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Pgrp-s2 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB47804 Y Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\PGRP-S3 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016162 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016161 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG018589 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016159 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016164 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016156 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016157 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG007725 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG016163 Y Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG000015 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17636 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17637 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH10739 Y Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH18862 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13585 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15367 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP25125 Y Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP15380 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO23127 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO22729 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO23128 Y Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO18932 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18752 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18751 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL19536 Y Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18243 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18471 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22370 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH23955 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26258 Y Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH26259 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27216 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB27215 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB17278 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB22743 Y Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB23590 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV10240 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV24386 Y Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV23762 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA012866 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA008038 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA007987 Y Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA000673 Y Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM581030 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\GLEAN_15689 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC002790 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC013620 Y Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC010611 Y
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6VX0NG)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW024175 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW004389 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW024689 Y Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW022212 Y
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6VMT94)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_007946gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_003882gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_000222gn Y Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_023247gn Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pglyrp2 Y Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\pglyrp6 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp1 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp2 Y Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\pglyrp1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp1 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp3 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\ENSMUSG00000079563 Y Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Pglyrp4 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp4 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000012291 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000042606 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\LOC687320 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp1 Y Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Pglyrp3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP2 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP3 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP4 Y Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\PGLYRP1 Y
Human Orthologs (4)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\PGLYRP2     Hsap\PGLYRP3     Hsap\PGLYRP4     Hsap\PGLYRP1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD14166 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM25129 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG15356 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE20818 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10680 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA29295 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL18427 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK23800 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ13383 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI12108 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH15170
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 16 )
Bloomington	36323 w*; PGRP-LCΔ5 30919 y1 w* P{UAS-PGRP-LC.x}1 30917 y1 w*; P{UAS-PGRP-LC.a}3 12500 w1118; P{GT1}PGRP-LCBG00650 42442 y1 w*; Mi{MIC}PGRP-LCMI06861
Harvard	- P{XP}PGRP-LCd03042 - P{XP}PGRP-LCd07454 - PBac{RB}PGRP-LCe00419 - PBac{RB}PGRP-LCe01731 - PBac{WH}PGRP-LCf02875
VDRC	v101636 P{KK105287}VIE-260B v51968 w1118 P{GD2387}v51968
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR01E20 BACR48N08 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 58 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	IP15793 LP06704
Other clones	DPiM_IP15793
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT05737 GH11582 HL04203 LP23108 RE07750 RE38313 RH62835 SD04722 SD22639 SD26236
Other clones	11780 30960 53455 63629 107686.2 214509.22 CK01.61C.A2 CK01.90B.D9 EK048533 EK052205 EK065005 EK071013 EK087608 EK112316 EK171063 EK190362 EK244637 EP03941 FGM234E03 IP15893 IP15993 RP004047558 RP004128429 RP004128949 RP004166540 RP004177673 RP004181600 RP004196537 RP004200628 RP004205481 RP004214420 RP004225741 RP004227149 RP004254228 RP004258453 RP004317277 RP004397571 RP004444349 RP004496552 RP004508573 RP004517149 RP004524221 RP004526694 RP004531650 RP004536080
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0035976 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39063
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: PGRP-LC CG4432 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: PGRP-LC ird7 (Choe et al., 2002)
Additional comments	Source for identity of PGRP-LC CG4432 was sequence comparison (date:001020). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	RNAi screen using dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene causes a specific decrease in AttA activity in response to heat-killed E.coli when assayed in S2 cells. (Kleino et al., 2005) PGRP-LC binds strongly to all types of polymeric peptidoglycan and to monomeric TCT. (Mellroth et al., 2005) Identification: as a mutation that fails to induce expression of Ecol\lacZDpt.PR normally in response to infection. 2 alleles have been obtained. (Wu et al., 2001)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_140041 NM_168324 NM_206308 NM_001169925 NM_001169926 NM_001169927 NM_001259764 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_648298 NP_729468 NP_996030 NP_001163396 NP_001163397 NP_001163398 NP_001246693 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF50302 AAF50302.3 AAG23733 AAM18530 AAM50908 AAN11957 AAN11957.1 AAQ16306 AAS65052 AAS65052.1 ACZ94667 ACZ94668 ACZ94669 AF207539 AF500096 AFH04364 AI134197 AI293536 AI533041 AY119048 AY327466 AY327467 AZ933363 BG632634 BG639708 BI632452 CZ475747 CZ478308 CZ485428 CZ485429 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 39063 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9GNK5 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • E1JI87 E1JI88 E1JI89
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • N-acetylmuramoyl-L-alanine amidase domain (IPR002502) Peptidoglycan recognition protein family domain, metazoa/bacteria (IPR006619) Peptidoglycan recognition protein (IPR015510) Zinc finger, PHD-type (IPR001965) Zinc finger, RING/FYVE/PHD-type (IPR013083) Zinc finger, FYVE/PHD-type (IPR011011) Zinc finger, PHD-finger (IPR019787) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LP06704
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64460 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0035976 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0035976 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0035976 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0035976 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG4432-RB FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0035976 FlyReactome - A curated knowledgebase of Drosophila melanogaster pathways • 414094 152016 152017 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39063 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39063 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0035976
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	(PGRP)-LC (Zaidman-Remy et al., 2007) CG4432 (Kleino et al., 2005, Seroude et al., 2002, Hultmark, 2003.6.23, Ramet et al., 2002, Ponting et al., 2001, De Gregorio et al., 2001, Lemaitre, 2000.12.20, Pal et al., 2007, Gendrin et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Tsai et al., 2008) Dm PGRP-LC (Waterhouse et al., 2007) ird7 (Garver et al., 2006, Wu et al., 2001, Costa et al., 2009) PGRP-LC (Gottar et al., 2006, Pal et al., 2007, Erturk-Hasdemir and Silverman, 2005, Kocks et al., 2005, Gobert et al., 2003, El Chamy et al., 2007, Wagner and Roeder, 2007, Kim et al., 2006, Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Kleino et al., 2008, Daneshvar et al., 2013, Ferrandon, 2007.11.30, McGettigan et al., 2005, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Tang et al., 2008, Goto et al., 2008, Filipe et al., 2005, Basbous et al., 2011, Tanji et al., 2007, Gendrin et al., 2009, Akhouayri et al., 2011, Tsichritzis et al., 2007, Zhao et al., 2011, Hill-Burns and Clark, 2010, Bond and Foley, 2009, Davis et al., 2008, Zaidman-Remy et al., 2006, Neyen et al., 2012, Bergeret et al., 2008, Lee and Edery, 2008, Bidla et al., 2007, Buchon et al., 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Ertürk-Hasdemir et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Sackton et al., 2007, Ha et al., 2009, Ha et al., 2009, Aggarwal et al., 2008, Costa et al., 2009, Leulier et al., 2003, Kaneko et al., 2006, Yano et al., 2008, Wagner et al., 2008, Bischoff et al., 2004, Libert et al., 2006, Goto et al., 2010, Vonkavaara et al., 2008, Paquette et al., 2010, Sackton et al., 2010, Valanne et al., 2010, Aymeric et al., 2010, Kaneko et al., 2004, Douglas et al., 2011, Schmidt et al., 2008, Thevenon et al., 2009, Tsai et al., 2008, Maillet et al., 2008, Leone et al., 2008, Nam et al., 2012, Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, Gesellchen et al., 2005, Bischoff et al., 2006, Schmidt et al., 2011, Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Paik et al., 2012) PGRPLC (Christophides et al., 2002) Pgrp-LC (Linder et al., 2008) pgrp-lc (Abdelsadik and Roeder, 2010) PGRP-LCa (Chang et al., 2005, Chang et al., 2006, Mellroth et al., 2005, Goto et al., 2008, Diangelo et al., 2009) PGRP-LCx (Mellroth et al., 2005, Chang et al., 2005, Seroude et al., 2002, Chang et al., 2006, Silverman et al., 2008, Meinander et al., 2012, Lhocine et al., 2008, Sekiya et al., 2008) tot (Ramet et al., 2002)
Name Synonym	immune response deficient 7 (Wu et al., 2001) Peptidoglycan recognition protein LC (Kankel et al., 2007) Peptidoglycan-recognition protein-LC (Hernandez-Romano et al., 2008) PGRP-LC (Cho et al., 2005) totem (Ramet et al., 2002)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0046840
References ( 152 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 152 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 94 ) Supplementary material  ( 7 ) Review  ( 13 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 14 ) Abstract  ( 17 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Book review  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 16 )
	Daneshvar et al., 2013, Biol. Open 2(1): 1--9 MicroRNA miR-308 regulates dMyc through a negative feedback loop in Drosophila. [FBrf0220584] Warmbold et al., 2013, J. Immunol. 190(1): 366--371 Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus Major Allergen 1 Activates the Innate Immune Response of the Fruit Fly Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0220420] Bosco-Drayon et al., 2012, Cell Host Microbe 12(2): 153--165 Peptidoglycan Sensing by the Receptor PGRP-LE in the Drosophila Gut Induces Immune Responses to Infectious Bacteria and Tolerance to Microbiota. [FBrf0219236] Fabian et al., 2012, Mol. Ecol. 21(19): 4748--4769 Genome-wide patterns of latitudinal differentiation among populations of Drosophila melanogaster from North America. [FBrf0219505] Meinander et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(12): 2770--2783 Ubiquitylation of the initiator caspase DREDD is required for innate immune signalling. [FBrf0218688] Nam et al., 2012, EMBO J. 31(5): 1253--1265 Genetic evidence of a redox-dependent systemic wound response via Hayan Protease-Phenoloxidase system in Drosophila. [FBrf0217593] Neyen et al., 2012, J. Immunol. 189(4): 1886--1897 Tissue- and Ligand-Specific Sensing of Gram-Negative Infection in Drosophila by PGRP-LC Isoforms and PGRP-LE. [FBrf0219094] Paik et al., 2012, Mech. Ageing Dev. 133(5): 234--245 Misexpression screen delineates novel genes controlling Drosophila lifespan. [FBrf0218389] Sebald et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(8): e43144 CHD1 Contributes to Intestinal Resistance against Infection by P. aeruginosa in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0219215] Tsuzuki et al., 2012, Sci. Rep. 2: 210 Drosophila growth-blocking peptide-like factor mediates acute immune reactions during infectious and non-infectious stress. [FBrf0217467] Vanha-Aho et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37153 Functional Characterization of the Infection-Inducible Peptide Edin in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0218357] Akhouayri et al., 2011, PLoS Pathog. 7(10): e1002319 Toll-8/tollo negatively regulates antimicrobial response in the Drosophila respiratory epithelium. [FBrf0216452] Basbous et al., 2011, EMBO Rep. 12(4): 327--333 The Drosophila peptidoglycan-recognition protein LF interacts with peptidoglycan-recognition protein LC to downregulate the Imd pathway. [FBrf0213381] Douglas et al., 2011, Proc. Biol. Sci. 278(1704): 333--338 How the insect immune system interacts with an obligate symbiotic bacterium. [FBrf0212672] Schmidt et al., 2011, Self Nonself 2(3): 125--141 Cleavage of PGRP-LC receptor in the Drosophila IMD pathway in response to live bacterial infection in S2 cells. [FBrf0218028] Zhao et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(8): 6211--6218 Antimicrobial Peptides Increase Tolerance to Oxidant Stress in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0213053] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...