FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Atat
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Atat
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
α-tubulin acetylase
Annotation Symbol
CG3967
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0035989
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
alpha-tubulin N-acetyltransferase (2.3.1.108)
Gene Summary
Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules (By similarity) (PubMed:36302967). Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dynamically unstable microtubules before the enzyme is released (By similarity). Acetylates central spindle microtubules (PubMed:36302967). (UniProt, Q9VSY4)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Also Known As

dTat, αTAT, Atat1

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
67B5-67B5
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-29
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9413596..9426758
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (4 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Planelles-Herrero et al., 2022, Yan et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000269078
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007965, InterPro:IPR038746
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in behavioral response to ethanol
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kong et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in microtubule cytoskeleton organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000269078
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in microtubule
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR007965
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the acetyltransferase ATAT1 family. (Q9VSY4)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
tubulin N-acetyltransferase activity
L-lysyl-[alpha-tubulin] + acetyl-CoA = N(6)-acetyl-L-lysyl-[alpha- tubulin] + CoA + H(+) (2.3.1.108)
RHEA 15277:
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
TUBULIN N-ACETYLTRANSFERASES -
Tubulin N-acetyltransferase catalyze the acetylation of α-tubulin at lysine.
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Specifically acetylates 'Lys-40' in alpha-tubulin on the lumenal side of microtubules (By similarity) (PubMed:36302967). Promotes microtubule destabilization and accelerates microtubule dynamics; this activity may be independent of acetylation activity. Acetylates alpha-tubulin with a slow enzymatic rate, due to a catalytic site that is not optimized for acetyl transfer. Enters the microtubule through each end and diffuses quickly throughout the lumen of microtubules. Acetylates only long/old microtubules because of its slow acetylation rate since it does not have time to act on dynamically unstable microtubules before the enzyme is released (By similarity). Acetylates central spindle microtubules (PubMed:36302967).
(UniProt, Q9VSY4)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
6
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Atat for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VSY4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Atat-RA
FBtr0076484
NM_140052
2238
461
Atat-RB
FBtr0076480
NM_170632
1931
291
Atat-RC
FBtr0076481
NM_140053
2561
461
Atat-RD
FBtr0076482
NM_170630
2196
461
Atat-RE
FBtr0076483
NM_170631
2142
461
Atat-RF
FBtr0331584
NM_001274699
1485
291
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Atat-PA
FBpp0076212
50.6
461
6.25
Q9VSY4
NP_648309
AAF50275
Atat-PB
FBpp0076208
32.0
291
9.99
M9PEN1
NP_729489
AAF50276
Atat-PC
FBpp0076209
50.6
461
6.25
Q9VSY4
NP_648310
AAN11967
Atat-PD
FBpp0076210
50.6
461
6.25
Q9VSY4
NP_729487
AAN11968
Atat-PE
FBpp0076211
50.6
461
6.25
Q9VSY4
NP_729488
AAN11969
Atat-PF
FBpp0303974
32.0
291
9.99
M9PEN1
NP_001261628
AGB94323
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

291 aa isoforms: Atat-PB, Atat-PF
461 aa isoforms: Atat-PA, Atat-PC, Atat-PD, Atat-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Atat using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

2.72

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Atat in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 15 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 7 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Atat
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Atat
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 2 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
male fertile, with Scer\GAL4bam.PU
male semi-sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal gravitaxis | adult stage
abnormal learning | adult stage
abnormal locomotor behavior
abnormal sensory perception | larval stage
abnormal touch perception | larval stage
abnormal touch perception | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4nompC.PP
abnormal touch perception | larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC113)
abnormal touch response | larval stage
abnormal touch response | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4nompC.PP
abnormal touch response | larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC113)
abnormal touch response | third instar larval stage
chemical resistant
decreased fecundity | male
increased rate of movement | conditional
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
centriole
germarium
larval multidendritic class III neuron | larval stage
larval multidendritic class III neuron | larval stage | conditional
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | larval stage
microtubule | larval stage
microtubule | larval stage | conditional
spermatid axoneme | P-stage
spermatozoon
wing disc | third instar larval stage
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\ATAT1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Atat1
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Atat1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\atat1
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\atat1
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (2)
Cele\mec-17
9 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\atat-2
8 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005828
10 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\BRD4
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Atat. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (2)
lky
8 of 13
CG3982
1 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    ATAT1; alpha tubulin acetyltransferase 1
    10 of 14
    615556
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Other Interaction Browsers
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        esyN Network Diagram
        Show/hide secondary interactors 
        (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
        esyN Network Key:
        Suppression
        Enhancement
        Other Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Atat
        enhanceable
        Cep97
        (Dobbelaere et al., 2020)
        Atat
        enhanceable
        nompC
        (Yan et al., 2018)
        Atat
        suppressible
        αTub84B
        (Yan et al., 2018)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        Cep97
        enhanceable
        Atat
        (Dobbelaere et al., 2020)
        Cep97
        suppressible
        Atat
        (Dobbelaere et al., 2020)
        nompC
        suppressible
        Atat
        (Yan et al., 2018)
        αTub84B
        suppressible
        Atat
        (Yan et al., 2018)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3L
        Recombination map
        3-29
        Cytogenetic map
        67B5-67B5
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        67B5-67B5
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Hsp26EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26EP3315 and P{PZ}fry02240
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-29

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-23.0

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (19)
        Genomic Clones (31)
        cDNA Clones (66)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Yan et al., 2018)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Tat CG3967

          (Yan et al., 2018)

          Source for identity of: Atat Tat

          (FlyBase, 2009-)
          Nomenclature comments

          Symbol changed from 'Tat' to 'Atat' because: (i) 'Atat' is the more common symbol for this gene in the wider field; (ii) 'Tat' is the established symbol for a different gene encoding 'tyrosine aminotransferase' (CG1461 in D. melanogaster), and (iii) 'Atat' better reflects the full name 'α-tubulin acetylase'.

          (FlyBase, 2009-)
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 60 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          References (48)