FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\path
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\path
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
pathetic
Annotation Symbol
CG3424
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0036007
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
19 publicly available
Gene Summary
Amino acid transporter which has pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for alanine and glycine but not for proline (PubMed:15843412). Plays a role in positive regulation of growth by directly or indirectly modulating the effects of the TOR signaling pathway (PubMed:15843412, PubMed:22574197). Required in a cell-autonomous manner for dendrite growth in neurons with large dendrite arbors (PubMed:26063572, PubMed:26735916). (UniProt, Q9VT04)
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
67B10-67B10
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-29
RefSeq locus
NT_037436 REGION:9494555..9505328
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (14 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from direct assay
(Goberdhan et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Eaat1; FB:FBgn0026439
(Romero-Calderon et al., 2007)
enables L-amino acid transmembrane transporter activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000535793
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in amino acid transmembrane transport
inferred from direct assay
(Goberdhan et al., 2005)
involved_in dendrite extension
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
involved_in dendrite morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of cell projection size
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lin et al., 2015)
involved_in regulation of growth
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Goberdhan et al., 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in amino acid transmembrane transport
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with FLYBASE:Eaat1; FB:FBgn0026439
(Romero-Calderon et al., 2007)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000535793
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in endolysosome
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in organelle membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Ogmundsdóttir et al., 2012)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015, Ogmundsdóttir et al., 2012)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in vacuolar membrane
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001119389
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the amino acid/polyamine transporter 2 family. (Q9VT04)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
SLC36 FAMILY OF PROTON-COUPLED AMINO ACID TRANSPORTERS -
The solute carrier family 36 (SLC36) members are proton-coupled amino acid transmembrane transporters. (Adapted from FBrf0200993).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Amino acid transporter which has pH-dependent electrogenic transport activity for alanine and glycine but not for proline (PubMed:15843412). Plays a role in positive regulation of growth by directly or indirectly modulating the effects of the TOR signaling pathway (PubMed:15843412, PubMed:22574197). Required in a cell-autonomous manner for dendrite growth in neurons with large dendrite arbors (PubMed:26063572, PubMed:26735916).
(UniProt, Q9VT04)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

expressed in both neuroblasts and glia - In NBs, path is directly targeted by Notch signalling via Su(H) binding - Loss of path in larval brain neural stem cells delays proliferation - important in glial cells to help protect brain growth under conditions of nutrient restriction - a candidate gene in the nutritional circuit between systemic muscle wasting and tumour growth in proline vulnerable cancers - mutation of path impinges on nutrient responses and protein homeostasis specifically in neurons with large dendrite arbors but not in other cells

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\path for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VT04)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
path-RA
FBtr0076427
NM_140070
2772
471
path-RD
FBtr0333864
NM_001274705
3122
471
path-RE
FBtr0333865
NM_168349
2532
458
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
path-PA
FBpp0076156
52.1
471
7.78
Q9VT04
NP_648327
AAF50252
path-PD
FBpp0305997
52.1
471
7.78
Q9VT04
NP_001261634
AGB94329
path-PE
FBpp0305998
50.8
458
7.95
Q9VT03
NP_729505
AAF50253
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

471 aa isoforms: path-PA, path-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\path using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.95

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage in statu nascendi
(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm anlage
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
inclusive hindgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalon primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
proventriculus primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk visceral muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 12 -- 16
embryonic/larval tracheal section
(Chung et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic hindgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic proventriculus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
mushroom body primordium

Comment: reported as embryonic central brain mushroom body

(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Romero-Calderon et al., 2007)
adult thorax

Comment: Thorax and abdomen assayed together.

(Romero-Calderon et al., 2007)
adult abdomen

Comment: Thorax and abdomen assayed together.

(Romero-Calderon et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
larval peripheral nervous system
(Lin et al., 2015)
dendritic arborizing neuron
(Lin et al., 2015)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data

path protein expression is observed throughout the body wall in third instar larvae. It localizes to punctate structures with cells and accumulates at junctional domains and in PNS dendrites and axons. It is found in da neurons having both small and large dendrite arbors.

(Lin et al., 2015)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in axon
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in dendrite
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in endolysosome
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in neuronal cell body
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015)
located_in organelle membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Ogmundsdóttir et al., 2012)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Lin et al., 2015, Ogmundsdóttir et al., 2012)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}pathc135
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
embryonic/larval proventriculus
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
embryonic/larval gut
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
embryonic stage 16
embryonic proventriculus | restricted
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
third instar larval stage
larval digestive system
(Harrison et al., 1995)
Malpighian tubule
(Harrison et al., 1995)
larval brain
(Kester and Nambu, 2011, Harrison et al., 1995)
fat body
(Harrison et al., 1995)
tracheal section
(Harrison et al., 1995)
embryonic/larval lymph gland
(Harrison et al., 1995)
embryonic/larval salivary gland
(Harrison et al., 1995)
adult optic lobe
(Harrison et al., 1995)
eye disc
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
larval enteroendocrine cell | subset
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
larval midgut junction Dh31 enteroendocrine cell
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
larval midgut enterocyte
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
embryonic/larval copper cell
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Lajeunesse et al., 2010)
third instar larval stage -- pupal stage P7
embryonic/larval carpet glial cell
(Yeh et al., 2018)
late third instar larval stage
larval brain
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval gut
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
glial cell of eye disc
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
adult stage
neuron | subset of adult brain
(Lai et al., 2012)
antennal mechanosensory and motor center B1a projection neuron
(Lai et al., 2012)
adult stage | male
seminal vesicle
(Kester and Nambu, 2011, Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
male accessory gland secondary cell
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
ejaculatory duct
(Kester and Nambu, 2011, Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
cyst cell of testis
(Kester and Nambu, 2011, Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
spermatocyte
(Kester and Nambu, 2011, Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
male accessory gland
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
adult stage | female
stretch follicle cell
(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
polar follicle cell

Comment: posterior

(Kester and Nambu, 2011)
adult stage | female & oogenesis
follicle cell
(Hartman et al., 2015)
oogenesis & adult stage | female
border follicle cell
(Hartman et al., 2015)
adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S10
stretch follicle cell
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
centripetal follicle cell
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
adult stage | femaleoogenesis stage S9 -- S10
follicle cell | posterior | subset
(Hrdlicka et al., 2002)
Reporter: PBac{768.FSVS-0}pathCPTI003513
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain

Comment: punctate expression throughout adult brain

(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
adult gnathal ganglion
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\path in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of path
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of path
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3L)BSC773
(Lin et al., 2015, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6)
Inferred from location ( 3 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile
female sterile (with Df(3L)AC1)
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal developmental rate
abnormal developmental rate (with Df(3L)AC1)
abnormal eclosion rhythm
abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4221
abnormal neuroanatomy | cell autonomous | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | germline clone | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC773)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with pathdg50)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage (with pathKG06640)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | progressive (with Df(3L)BSC773)
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage | recessive
abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4path-c135
abnormal size, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
decreased body size
decreased body size (with Df(3L)AC1)
decreased cell number
decreased cell number, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
decreased cell number | larval stage | somatic clone
decreased cell size
decreased cell size, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
decreased fecundity | female
decreased occurrence of cell division | larval stage | somatic clone
decreased size | larval stage | nutrition conditional
decreased size | larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4repo
increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
increased cell size, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
increased cell size | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
increased cell size | larval stage | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaA
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (with Df(3L)BSC773)
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (with pathdg50)
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC (with pathKG06640)
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaC | germline clone
abdominal dorsal multidendritic neuron ddaF
adult fat body
adult salivary gland
axon | larval stage | progressive (with Df(3L)BSC773)
dendrite | larval stage
dendrite | larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC773)
embryonic/larval carpet glial cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4path-c135
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye (with pathGS11111), with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye (with pathGS13857), with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4path-c135
larval brain | larval stage | nutrition conditional
larval brain | larval stage | nutrition conditional, with Scer\GAL4repo
larval multidendritic class I neuron, with Scer\GAL4221
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | cell autonomous | somatic clone
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | larval stage
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | larval stage (with Df(3L)BSC773)
larval multidendritic class IV neuron | larval stage | progressive (with Df(3L)BSC773)
larval neuroblast, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
larval neuroblast | decreased number | somatic clone
ommatidium
ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
ommatidium (with pathGS11111), with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
ommatidium (with pathGS13857), with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
wing | posterior, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (16)
Hsap\SLC36A1
8 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\SLC36A2
8 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Hsap\SLC36A3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\SLC36A4
8 of 14
Yes
No
Hsap\SLC38A1
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A2
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A3
3 of 14
No
No
1  
Hsap\SLC38A4
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A7
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A8
3 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC32A1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A6
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A10
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A11
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A5
1 of 14
No
No
Hsap\SLC38A9
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (16)
Rnor\Slc36a1
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Slc36a2
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Slc36a3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Slc36a4
8 of 14
Yes
No
Rnor\Slc38a1
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a3
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a7
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a8
3 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc32a1
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a4
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a6
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a10
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a11
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a5
1 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Slc38a9
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (16)
Mmus\Slc36a1
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Slc36a2
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Slc36a3
8 of 14
Yes
No
Mmus\Slc36a4
7 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a1
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a3
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a6
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a7
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a8
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a11
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc32a1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a4
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a5
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a10
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Slc38a9
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (12)
Xtro\slc36a1
7 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\slc36a4
7 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\slc38a2
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc38a4
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc38a6
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc38a8
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc38a11
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\amdhd1
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\slc32a1
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\slc38a10
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\t2r22
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\tubal3.2
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (16)
Drer\slc36a1
7 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\slc36a4
7 of 14
Yes
No
Drer\slc38a2
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a4
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a5b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a6
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a7
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a8b
3 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc32a1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a5a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a8a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a10
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a11
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a3a
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a3b
1 of 14
No
No
Drer\slc38a9
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (15)
Cele\slc-36.1
11 of 14
Yes
No
Cele\slc-36.2
10 of 14
No
No
Cele\skat-1
7 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\slc-36.3
7 of 14
No
No
Cele\slc-36.4
7 of 14
No
No
Cele\slc-36.5
6 of 14
No
Yes
Cele\Y32F6A.4
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y59H11AR.4
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\F21D12.3
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\R02F2.8
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\unc-47
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y4C6B.2
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y18D10A.23
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\Y51F10.4
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\F13H10.3
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (16)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007633
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000473
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000540
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP008490
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009896
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009897
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010508
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011196
6 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009898
4 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP010701
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP002376
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005983
3 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009894
3 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001923
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP009895
2 of 12
No
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011116
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (48)
Atha\ANT1
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT2G42005
10 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G38250
10 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G65990
10 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G48640
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G61270
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G67640
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G71680
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G80510
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G40420
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G01760
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G30390
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G56200
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G38820
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\LHT1
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\LHT2
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\LHT7
3 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP3
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP4
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP5
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP6
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP7
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AAP8
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G08230
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G25530
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT1G47670
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G39130
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G41190
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G09330
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G09340
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G28960
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G54830
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G02170
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G02180
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G15240
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G16740
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G41800
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AUX1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\LAX1
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\LAX2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\LAX3
2 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\PROT1
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\PROT2
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\ProT3
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G33260
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G19500
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (7)
Scer\AVT3
8 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\AVT4
8 of 13
Yes
No
Scer\AVT5
4 of 13
No
No
Scer\AVT6
4 of 13
No
No
Scer\AVT7
4 of 13
No
Yes
Scer\AVT2
3 of 13
No
No
Scer\AVT1
2 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\avt3
8 of 12
Yes
No
Spom\avt5
3 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (8)
Ecol\cyuP
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\mtr
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\sdaC
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\tdcC
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\tnaB
1 of 11
Yes
No
Ecol\tyrP
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\yhjV
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\yqeG
1 of 11
Yes
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:path. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (14)
CG16700
10 of 13
CG32079
10 of 13
coch
10 of 13
polyph
10 of 13
acs
9 of 13
CG4991
9 of 13
CG7888
9 of 13
CG8785
9 of 13
CG13384
9 of 13
CG32081
7 of 13
CG13743
3 of 13
CG30394
3 of 13
mah
2 of 13
VGAT
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    SLC36A2; solute carrier family 36 member 2
    model of  iminoglycinuria
    IEA
    (FlyBase, 2019-)
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    SLC36A1; solute carrier family 36 member 1
    8 of 14
    606561
         
        SLC36A2; solute carrier family 36 member 2
        8 of 14
        608331
         
        SLC36A3; solute carrier family 36 member 3
        8 of 14
        608332
            SLC36A4; solute carrier family 36 member 4
            8 of 14
            613760
                SLC38A1; solute carrier family 38 member 1
                3 of 14
                608490
                    SLC38A2; solute carrier family 38 member 2
                    3 of 14
                    605180
                        SLC38A3; solute carrier family 38 member 3
                        3 of 14
                        604437
                         
                        SLC38A4; solute carrier family 38 member 4
                        3 of 14
                        608065
                            SLC38A7; solute carrier family 38 member 7
                            3 of 14
                            614236
                                SLC38A8; solute carrier family 38 member 8
                                3 of 14
                                615585
                                Functional Complementation Data
                                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                                Interactions
                                Summary of Physical Interactions
                                Interaction Browsers
                                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                                RNA-protein
                                Physical Interaction
                                Assay
                                References
                                path - lark
                                pull down, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
                                (Swain et al., 2016)
                                path - orb2
                                pull down, western blot
                                (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                                Interaction Browsers
                                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                                Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
                                Starting gene(s)
                                Interaction type
                                Interacting gene(s)
                                Reference
                                path
                                suppressible
                                acs
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                path|foxo
                                suppressible
                                Akt
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                path
                                suppressible
                                eIF4E1
                                (Lin et al., 2015)
                                path
                                suppressible
                                gig|Tsc1
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                path
                                suppressible
                                hppy
                                (Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011)
                                path
                                enhanceable
                                hppy
                                (Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011)
                                path
                                enhanceable
                                mTor
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                path
                                suppressible
                                pum
                                (Lin et al., 2015)
                                path
                                suppressible
                                S6k
                                (Lin et al., 2015)
                                Starting gene(s)
                                Interaction type
                                Interacting gene(s)
                                Reference
                                ct
                                suppressible
                                path
                                (Lin et al., 2015)
                                foxo
                                enhanceable
                                mTor|path
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                foxo
                                enhanceable
                                path
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                gig
                                suppressible
                                path
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                mTor
                                enhanceable
                                path
                                (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                External Data
                                Linkouts
                                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                Pathways
                                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                                Metabolic Pathways
                                FlyBase
                                External Links
                                Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                                External Data
                                Linkouts
                                Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                Class of Gene
                                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                                Chromosome (arm)
                                3L
                                Recombination map
                                3-29
                                Cytogenetic map
                                67B10-67B10
                                Sequence location
                                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                                Cytogenetic map
                                Evidence for location
                                67B10-67B10
                                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}Hsp26EP3336&P{EP}Hsp26EP3315 and P{PZ}fry02240
                                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                                Cytogenetic map
                                Notes
                                References
                                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                                Location

                                3-29

                                (FlyBase, 2016)

                                3-23.0

                                (Comeron et al., 2012)
                                Left of (cM)
                                Right of (cM)
                                Notes
                                Stocks and Reagents
                                Stocks (19)
                                Genomic Clones (13)
                                 

                                Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

                                cDNA Clones (126)
                                 

                                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                                cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                                BDGP DGC clones
                                Other clones
                                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                                BDGP DGC clones
                                Other clones
                                RNAi and Array Information
                                Linkouts
                                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                Antibody Information
                                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                                 

                                polyclonal

                                (Feng et al., 2020, Lin et al., 2015)
                                Commercially Available Antibodies
                                 
                                Cell Line Information
                                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                                 
                                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                                   
                                    Other Comments

                                    Area matching Drosophila EST AA567141 (inverted).

                                    (Davies, 2001.3.15)

                                    Area matching Drosophila EST AA735277. This EST forms a 1176bp contig with EST AA697907.

                                    (Davies, 2001.3.15)
                                    Relationship to Other Genes
                                    Source for database merge of

                                    Source for merge of: path anon-WO0118547.271 anon-WO0118547.370

                                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                                    Additional comments

                                    Source for merge of path anon-WO0118547.271 anon-WO0118547.370 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

                                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                                    Nomenclature History
                                    Source for database identify of

                                    Source for identity of: path CG3424

                                    (Goberdhan, 2005.3.11)
                                    Nomenclature comments
                                    Etymology

                                    The name "pathetic" is derived from the reduced growth phenotypes of mutants.

                                    (Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (8)
                                    Reported As
                                    Symbol Synonym
                                    CG3424
                                    (Çiçek et al., 2016, Limmer et al., 2014, Christis and Munro, 2012, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Biehs et al., 2010, Cox and Spradling, 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Romero-Calderon et al., 2007, Goberdhan et al., 2005)
                                    Path
                                    (Pang et al., 2023, Hou and Pei, 2021, Lam Wong and Verheyen, 2021, Chung et al., 2011)
                                    Pathetic
                                    (Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010)
                                    anon-WO0118547.271
                                    anon-WO0118547.370
                                    path
                                    (Tenedini et al., 2025, Chvilicek et al., 2024, Wright and Armstrong, 2024, Ceder and Fredriksson, 2022, Hultmark and Andó, 2022, Liu et al., 2022, Baker et al., 2021, Nishida et al., 2021, Oliveira et al., 2021, Feng et al., 2020, Hung et al., 2020, Ho et al., 2019, Kockel et al., 2019, Zirin et al., 2019, Lin et al., 2015, Lin et al., 2015, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Chandran et al., 2014, Ikmi et al., 2014, Luck et al., 2014, Lye et al., 2014, Djiane et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Ogmundsdóttir et al., 2012, Devineni et al., 2011, Fay et al., 2011, Wertheim et al., 2011, Fernández-Ayala et al., 2010, Heublein et al., 2010, Christensen et al., 2009.5.6, Cox and Spradling, 2009, LaFerriere et al., 2008, Akdemir et al., 2007)
                                    pth
                                    (Resnik-Docampo and de Celis, 2011)
                                    Name Synonyms
                                    Pathetic
                                    (Weiler et al., 2017, Chandran et al., 2014)
                                    pathetic
                                    (Ho et al., 2019, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, LaFerriere et al., 2008, Goberdhan, 2005.3.11)
                                    Secondary FlyBase IDs
                                    • FBgn0062062
                                    • FBgn0062128
                                    Datasets (0)
                                    Study focus (0)
                                    Experimental Role
                                    Project
                                    Project Type
                                    Title
                                    Study result (0)
                                    Result
                                    Result Type
                                    Title
                                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 55 )
                                    Sequence Crossreferences
                                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                                    UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                                    Other crossreferences
                                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                                    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                                    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                                    Linkouts
                                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                                    FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
                                    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                                    Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
                                    MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                                    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
                                    Reactome Metabolic Pathways - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed metabolic pathway database.
                                    References (98)