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Gene Dmel\skl

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\skl	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	sickle	Annotation symbol	CG13701
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0036786
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	3 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	75C6-75C6	Sequence location	3L:18,431,661..18,433,042 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene sickle is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\skl (CG13701, FBgn0036786). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: apoptotic process; cell death. 10 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: eye. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1630223_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of skl. Gene sequence location is 3L:18431661..18433042.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 75C6-75C6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}W05014 and P{lacW}l(3)j14E7j14E7
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\skl for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) skl-RA FBtr0075119  NM_079415   1382   108
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein skl-PA   FBpp0074885   11.7   108   4.49     NP_524139   AAF49263
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014296 AAF49263   AF418220 AAL09045   AF460844 AAL67831   AY062250 AAL38665   AY071058 AAL48680   BI172111   BI237550   BT044109   CO272919   CO304470   CO310071   CO330364   CO331737   CO340348   EC068726   EC086740   EC087483   EC225737   EC250749   EC258158
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VVP8 Q8SZ80
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   macrophage | subset   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:phagocytic macrophages embryonic stage 7 -- 8   hindgut anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   antennal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium visual primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium dorsal head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium lateral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium ventral head epidermis primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   embryonic head | anterior & dorsal & restricted   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:Two symmetric cell clusters embryonic head | anterior & restricted & ventral   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:Two symmetric cell clusters neurogenic region | restricted   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:Clusters of cells central brain primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) clypeo-labral primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic optic lobe primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) gnathal primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic central brain neuron   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic inner optic lobe   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic optic lobe   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval nervous system   (Fisher et al., 2012) lateral cord glial cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 17   cell | subset of ventral nerve cord   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:Clusters of cells cell | subset of embryonic brain   (Wing et al., 2002) Comment:Clusters of cells
Additional Descriptive Data
	skl transcripts are first detected at embryonic stage 11, in a pair of symmetric pair of cell clusters in the dorsal anterior region of the head. By stage 12, a second symmetric pair of skl-positive cell clusters appear on the ventral anterior region of the head. Additionally, skl-positive cell clusters are present in the neurogenic region. Clusters of skl-positive cells are observed in the embryonic brain and ventral nerve cord for the rest of embryogenesis. The overall pattern is similar to that of cells that are expected to die in the nervous system. (Wing et al., 2002)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval/adult central nervous system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    359.975 Larval Midgut    3.6 Larval Hindgut    3.1 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3.6 Larval Fat Body    3.9 Larval Salivary Gland    1.5 Larval Trachea    0.525 Larval Carcass    4.55 Adult Head    32.7 Adult Eye    7.4 Adult Brain    128.9 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6 Adult Crop    3.1 Adult Midgut    2.1 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    4.6 Adult Fat Body    2.6 Adult Salivary Gland    7.7 Adult Heart    4.05 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4 Adult Ovary    2 Adult Testis    1.1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.4 Adult Carcass    3.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    32.7   NA  Eye    7.4   NA  Brain    128.9   359.975  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    112.6   NA  Crop    3.1   3.6  Midgut    2.1   3.1  Hindgut    2.1   3.6  Malpighian Tubules    4.6   3.9  Fat Body    2.6   1.5  Salivary Gland    7.7   NA  Heart    4.05   0.525  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    4.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    9.4   NA  Ovary    2   NA  Testis    1.1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    5.4   4.55  Carcass    3.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    1 central nervous system, larvae L3    13 central nervous system, pupae P8    5 head, virgin 1-day female    3 head, virgin 4-day female    2 head, virgin 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day female    1 head, mated 4-day female    1 head, mated 20-day female    1 head, mated 1-day male    5 head, mated 4-day male    3 head, mated 20-day male    2 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    0 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    0 digestive system, 1-day adult    0 digestive system, 4-day adult    0 digestive system, 20-day adult    0 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    0 fat body, white prepupae    0 fat body, pupae P8    5 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    1 carcass, 1-day adult    0 carcass, 4-day adult    0 carcass, 20-day adult    0 ovary, virgin 4-day female    0 ovary, mated 4-day female    0 testis, mated 4-day male    0 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderate expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    2 embryo 04-06hr    5 embryo 06-08hr    9 embryo 08-10hr    14 embryo 10-12hr    11 embryo 12-14hr    14 embryo 14-16hr    6 embryo 16-18hr    7 embryo 18-20hr    3 embryo 20-22hr    1 embryo 22-24hr    1 larva L1    0 larva L2    0 larva L3 12hr old    0 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    0 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1 white prepupae new    2 white prepupae 12hr    6 white prepupae 24hr    4 pupae 2d postWPP    3 pupae 3d postWPP    1 pupae 4d postWPP    1 adult male 01day    0 adult male 05day    0 adult male 30day    0 adult female 01day    0 adult female 05day    0 adult female 30day    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    0 embryonic 1182-4H    1 embryonic GM2    0 embryonic Kc167    0 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    0 leg disc CME L1    0 wing disc CME-W2    0 wing disc ML-DmD8    0 wing disc ML-DmD9    0 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    0 wing disc ML-DmD21    0 wing disc ML-DmD32    0 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    0 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    0 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    0 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    0 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    1 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    0 tumorous blood cells mbn2    0 ovary fGS/OSS    0 ovary OSC    0 ovary OSS    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    0 cold shock, 4-day adult    0 heat shock, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    0 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    1 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    1 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    0 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    1 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    1 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    0 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    0 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE14076 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0036786 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG13701-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for skl Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 sklGD1530 Other Phenotypes Allele increased cell death sklhs.PS sklMtnA.PC increased cell death, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF sklScer\UAS.cSa Phenotype manifest in Allele eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF sklScer\UAS.cSa
Classical Alleles ( 1 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of skl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion sklH2 transposable element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of skl Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion sklGD1530 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sklJF03093 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sklKK111864 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes sklhs.PS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes sklMtnA.1-15.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct 0 Yes sklMtnA.PC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes sklScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes sklScer\UAS.cWa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes sklScer\UAS.P\T.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)ED225 (Mohseni et al., 2009, Mohseni et al., 2009) Df(3L)G870 (Montero et al., 2008) Df(3L)H99 (Choi et al., 2006) Df(3L)XR38 (Choi et al., 2006)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD1530} NA P{KK111864} NA P{TRiP.JF03093} NA P{UASp-skl.S} NA P{UAS-skl.S} NA P{UAS-skl.W} NA heat-shock construct P{hs-skl.S} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B1022B1022 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 3 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apoptotic process inferred from genetic interaction with nos (Sato et al., 2007) cell death inferred from genetic interaction with grim AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Srinivasula et al., 2002) inferred from genetic interaction with rpr AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Wing et al., 2002)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 2 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
apoptotic process non-traceable author statement (Christich, 2001.9.7, Holcik, 2002) traceable author statement (Bergmann et al., 2003) induction of apoptosis non-traceable author statement (Nambu, 2001.12.18)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions skl allele Gene References sklScer\UAS.cSa grim (Srinivasula et al., 2002) sklScer\UAS.cWa rpr (Wing et al., 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65300 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0036786 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40016
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (11) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6MPJ9W Dipteran inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Insect inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6MPJ9W)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\skl     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM14942 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15744 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE22076 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF10820 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA12469 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL22705 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK11549 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11392 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11718 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH17113 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (None identified)
No non-Drosophilid orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (None identified)
No non-Dipteran orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (10) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM14942 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG15744 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE22076 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF10820 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA12469 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL22705 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK11549 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11392 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11718 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH17113
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 3 )
Bloomington	28678 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03093}attP2
VDRC	v102512 P{KK111864}VIE-260B v7172 w1118; P{GD1530}v7172
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR35F04 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 15 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE14076
Other clones	FI02818
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RE33794
Other clones	74291 97846 108032 191703 214311.55 CK01.20C.H8 EK108824 EK220359 EK244744 EK295048 EK301601 EP10456
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0036786 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40016
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: meph CG13701 (Christich, 2001.9.7)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: skl BcDNA:RE14076 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for merge of skl BcDNA:RE14076 was a shared cDNA (date:030728). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	The presence of skl in the Skp complex suggests that, like morgue, it may target th for degradation by the SCF complex. (Giot et al., 2003) skl may be an IAP antagonist and a transducer of apoptotic damage signalling. (Christich et al., 2002) skl may act with other IAP-inhibitory proteins to regulate apoptosis during development. (Srinivasula et al., 2002)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079415 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524139 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF49263 AAL09045 AAL38665 AAL48680 AAL67831 AF418220 AF460844 AY062250 AY071058 BI172111 BI237550 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40016 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8SZ80 Q9VVP8
Other Crossreferences
	BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE14076
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 65300 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0036786 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0036786 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0036786 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG13701-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0036786 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40016 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /newgene/sickle1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40016 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0036786
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BcDNA:RE14076   CG13701 (Srinivasula et al., 2002, Christich et al., 2002, Wing et al., 2002, Srinivasula et al., 2002, Grieder et al., 2007, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009) meph   Skl (Srinivasula, 2001.11.14, Kornbluth and White, 2005) skl (Wichmann et al., 2006, Peterson et al., 2007, Zhai et al., 2012, Truscott et al., 2011, Hueber et al., 2007, Grieder et al., 2007, Brodsky et al., 2004, Akdemir et al., 2007, Xia and Holcik, 2009, Sato et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2008, Hou et al., 2008, Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Leaman et al., 2005, Tan et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2010, Ge et al., 2012) veto (Holcik, 2002)
Name Synonym	mephisto   sickle (Montero et al., 2008, Mabuchi et al., 2007, Choi et al., 2006, Peterson et al., 2007, Zhai et al., 2012, Hueber et al., 2007, Tang et al., 2008, Brodsky et al., 2004, Chen et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, Sato et al., 2007, Zhang et al., 2008, Miguel-Aliaga et al., 2008, Mehrotra et al., 2008, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2007, Brun et al., 2006, Rehmsmeier et al., 2004, Tan et al., 2011, Zhai et al., 2010, Lim et al., 2012, Liu et al., 2007) Sickle (Srinivasula, 2001.11.14, Adrain, 2006, Kuranaga and Miura, 2007, Li and Cadigan, 2008, Kornbluth and White, 2005, Juhasz and Sass, 2005, Yan et al., 2004)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0047166
References ( 79 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 79 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 40 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 18 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 5 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 8 )
	Gaertner et al., 2012, Cell Rep. 2(6): 1670--1683 Poised RNA Polymerase II Changes over Developmental Time and Prepares Genes for Future Expression. [FBrf0220312] Ge et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(5): 839--846 Overlapping functions of microRNAs in control of apoptosis during Drosophila embryogenesis. [FBrf0217965] Lim et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(5): e37028 Ebi/AP-1 Suppresses Pro-Apoptotic Genes Expression and Permits Long-Term Survival of Drosophila Sensory Neurons. [FBrf0218464] Zhai et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002582 Antagonistic regulation of apoptosis and differentiation by the cut transcription factor represents a tumor-suppressing mechanism in Drosophila. [FBrf0217859] Chen et al., 2011, J. Biol. Chem. 286(11): 9020--9030 E2 Ligase dRad6 Regulates DMP53 Turnover in Drosophila. [FBrf0213391] Lin et al., 2011, Mol. Cell. Biol. 31(13): 2729--2741 A Barrier-Only Boundary Element Delimits the Formation of Facultative Heterochromatin in Drosophila melanogaster and Vertebrates. [FBrf0213867] Tan et al., 2011, Development 138(11): 2197--2206 Coordinated expression of cell death genes regulates neuroblast apoptosis. [FBrf0213685] Truscott et al., 2011, Genes Dev. 25(17): 1820--1834 mir-11 limits the proapoptotic function of its host gene, dE2f1. [FBrf0215211] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...