FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Gmppb
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Gmppb
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B
Annotation Symbol
CG1129
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0037279
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (2.7.7.13)
Gene Summary
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (Gmppb) encodes a putative enzyme that is predicted to catalyze the formation of GDP-mannose, a precursor for protein N-glycosylation. [Date last reviewed: 2024-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
82D6-82D6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-47.1
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:4811444..4816025
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables GTP binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045233
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GTP) activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P0C5I2
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000500861
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045233
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in larval lymph gland hemopoiesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Mondal et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in GDP-mannose biosynthetic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000500861
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045233
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in protein glycosylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000500861
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000500804
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
part_of GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q9Y5P6
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the transferase hexapeptide repeat family. (Q7JZB4)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase (GTP) activity
alpha-D-mannose 1-phosphate + GTP + H(+) = GDP-alpha-D-mannose + diphosphate (2.7.7.13)
RHEA 15229:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B (Gmppb) encodes a putative enzyme that is predicted to catalyze the formation of GDP-mannose, a precursor for protein N-glycosylation. [Date last reviewed: 2024-09-19]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
GUANYLYLTRANSFERASES -
Guanylyltransferases catalyse the transfer of a guanylyl group to an acceptor. Many eukaryotic guanylyl transferases are capping enzymes that catalyze the formation of the 5' cap in messenger RNAs. Others specifically add a guanine nucleotide to the transfer RNA for histidine, which is required for it to be aminoacylated by the histidine tRNA synthetase. Guanylyl transferases also exist for transferring guanosine nucleotides to sugar molecules, such as mannose and fucose. (Adapted from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guanylyltransferase.)
Pathway (FlyBase)
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM MANNOSE -
The nucleotide-sugar GDP-D-mannose can be synthesized in the cytosol from D-mannose (though it is primarily produced from D-glucose). GDP-D-mannose is a precursor for GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis and protein glycosylation. (Adapted from PMID:24931670.)
GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE -
The nucleotide-sugar GDP-D-mannose is primarily synthesized in the cytosol from D-glucose (though it can also be produced from D-mannose). GDP-D-mannose is a precursor for GDP-L-fucose biosynthesis and protein glycosylation. (Adapted from PMID:24931670.)
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Catalytic subunit of the GMPPA-GMPPB mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase complex (By similarity). Catalyzes the formation of GDP-mannose, an essential precursor of glycan moieties of glycoproteins and glycolipids (By similarity). Can catalyze the reverse reaction in vitro (By similarity). Together with GMPPA regulates GDP-alpha-D-mannose levels (By similarity).
(UniProt, Q7JZB4)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Gmppb for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q7JZB4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Gmppb-RA
FBtr0078871
NM_141241
1715
369
Gmppb-RB
FBtr0078870
NM_169021
1641
369
Gmppb-RD
FBtr0345174
NM_001202248
1612
369
Gmppb-RE
FBtr0345175
NM_001300235
2499
369
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Gmppb-PA
FBpp0078511
40.4
369
6.26
Q7JZB4
NP_649498
AAG22216
Gmppb-PB
FBpp0078510
40.4
369
6.26
Q7JZB4
NP_730877
AAF52089
Gmppb-PD
FBpp0311383
40.4
369
6.26
Q7JZB4
NP_001189177
ADV37269
Gmppb-PE
FBpp0311384
40.4
369
6.26
Q7JZB4
NP_001287164
AHN57163
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

369 aa isoforms: Gmppb-PA, Gmppb-PB, Gmppb-PD, Gmppb-PE
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the GMPPA-GMPPB mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase complex composed of 4 Gmppa subunits and 8 Gmppb subunits; the complex is organized into three layers, a central layer made up of 2 Gmppa dimers sandwiched between two layers each made up of 2 Gmppb dimers. Gmppb catalytic activity is reduced when part of the complex and binding of GDP-alpha-D-Mannose by Gmppa induces allosteric feedback inhibition of Gmppb.

(UniProt, Q7JZB4)
Domain

The N-terminal substrate-binding domain adopts a Rossman-like fold and has a binding pocket for GTP or GDP-alpha-D-mannose (By similarity). Substrate binding is coordinated by an Mg(2+) ion (By similarity).

The C-terminal domain consists of a series of tandem hexapeptide repeats that adopt a beta-helix conformation (By similarity). The beta-helix forms several protein interaction surfaces involved in assembly of the GMPPA-GMPPB mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase complex (By similarity).

(UniProt, Q7JZB4)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Gmppb using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.32

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Gmppb in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Gmppb
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Gmppb
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 9 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (4)
Hsap\GMPPB
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\GMPPA
4 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EIF2B3
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\EIF2B5
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
Rnor\Gmppb
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Gmppa
4 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Eif2b3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Eif2b5
2 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (4)
Mmus\Gmppb
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gmppa
3 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Eif2b3
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Eif2b5
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\gmppb
11 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\gmppa
2 of 13
No
No
Xtro\eif2b3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\eif2b5
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\LOC101731233
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC108644461
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\XB5896631
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\gmppb
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\gmppaa
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\gmppab
4 of 14
No
No
Drer\eif2b3
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\eif2b5
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\zgc:136439
2 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\gkup
1 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\tag-335
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Cele\Y47D9A.1
3 of 14
No
No
Cele\eif-2Bepsilon
2 of 14
No
No
Cele\eif-2Bgamma
2 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (4)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP001299
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP011723
4 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000082
2 of 12
No
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005210
2 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (15)
Atha\CYT1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G55590
12 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT4G30570
11 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT1G74910
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT2G04650
4 of 13
No
No
Atha\ADG1
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APL1
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APL2
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APL3
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APL4
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\APS2
3 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT2G34970
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT3G02270
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT4G18300
2 of 13
No
No
Atha\AT5G19485
2 of 13
No
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (3)
Scer\PSA1
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Scer\GCD1
2 of 13
No
No
Scer\GCD6
2 of 13
No
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (4)
Spom\mpg1
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\SPBC13G1.02
3 of 12
No
No
Spom\tif223
2 of 12
No
No
Spom\tif225
2 of 12
No
No
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (6)
Ecol\rfbA
6 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\rffH
6 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\glmU
2 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\galF
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\galU
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\glgC
1 of 11
No
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Gmppb. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Gmppa
8 of 13
eIF2Bε
3 of 13
eIF2Bγ
3 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    GMPPB; GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B
    14 of 14
    615320
    GMPPA; GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase A
    4 of 14
    615495
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
    Show/hide secondary interactors 
    (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
    Select Layout:
    Legend:
    Protein
    RNA
    Selected Interactor(s)
    Other Interaction Browsers
    View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
    Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
    protein-protein
    Physical Interaction
    Assay
    References
    Gmppb - Akt
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
    Gmppb - Arc1
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Art8
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - BthD
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - CG1532
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - CG18787
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - CG18789
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - CG4707
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - CG7049
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Ccs
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Dsor1
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting
    (Friedman et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Gmppa
    two hybrid
    (Hu et al., 2017.6.13)
    Gmppb - Got1
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Hpf1
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Rae1
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - RpS21
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Swip-1
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - Wdr82
    experimental knowledge based
    (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
    Gmppb - sima
    anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
    (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Other Interaction Browsers
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
    Component of the GMPPA-GMPPB mannose-1-phosphate guanylyltransferase complex composed of 4 Gmppa subunits and 8 Gmppb subunits; the complex is organized into three layers, a central layer made up of 2 Gmppa dimers sandwiched between two layers each made up of 2 Gmppb dimers. Gmppb catalytic activity is reduced when part of the complex and binding of GDP-alpha-D-Mannose by Gmppa induces allosteric feedback inhibition of Gmppb.
    (UniProt, Q7JZB4 )
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    FlyBase
    GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM MANNOSE
    GDP-MANNOSE BIOSYNTHESIS FROM GLUCOSE
    External Links
    FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
    KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    External Data
    Linkouts
    KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
    Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
    Class of Gene
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    3R
    Recombination map
    3-47.1
    Cytogenetic map
    82D6-82D6
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    82D6-82D6
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0273302733 and P{EP}EP974
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    3-47.1

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    3-44.1

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (7)
    Genomic Clones (19)
    cDNA Clones (46)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Cell Line Information
    Publicly Available Cell Lines
     
      Other Stable Cell Lines
       
        Other Comments
        Relationship to Other Genes
        Source for database merge of
        Additional comments
        Nomenclature History
        Source for database identify of

        Source for identity of: Gmppb CG1129

        (FlyBase, 2017-)
        Nomenclature comments
        Etymology

        Named 'GDP-mannose pyrophosphorylase B' after the human ortholog.

        (FlyBase, 2017-)
        Synonyms and Secondary IDs (3)
        Datasets (0)
        Study focus (0)
        Experimental Role
        Project
        Project Type
        Title
        Study result (0)
        Result
        Result Type
        Title
        External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 63 )
        Sequence Crossreferences
        NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
        GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
        GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
        RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
        UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
        UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
        Other crossreferences
        AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
        BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
        DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
        EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
        FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
        FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
        InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
        KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
        MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
        FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
        FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
        Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
        Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
        iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
        KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
        References (45)