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Gene Dmel\CD98hc

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\CD98hc	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	CD98 heavy chain	Annotation symbol	CG2791
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0037533
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	7 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	84E6-84E6	Sequence location	3R:3,800,131..3,804,150 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene CD98 heavy chain is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\CD98hc (CG2791, FBgn0037533). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: catalytic activity; cation binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: leucine import. 8 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Glycoside hydrolase, catalytic domain; Glycoside hydrolase, family 13; Glycoside hydrolase, superfamily; Glycosyl hydrolase, family 13, catalytic domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval Malpighian tubules, larval trachea, adult male reproductive system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625095_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of CD98hc. Gene sequence location is 3R:3800131..3804150.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 84E6-84E6   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP3060EP3060 and P{PZ}grn05930
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\CD98hc for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated. Gene model reviewed during 5.45 Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) CD98hc-RA FBtr0081824  NM_141495   2121   565 CD98hc-RB FBtr0331342  NM_001275426   2271   565 CD98hc-RD FBtr0331344  NM_001275427   2127   567 CD98hc-RF FBtr0332157  NM_001275425   2198   565
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein CD98hc-PA   FBpp0081314   62.7   565   5.39     NP_649752   AAF54170 CD98hc-PB   FBpp0303760   62.7   565   5.39     NP_001262355   AGB95737 CD98hc-PD   FBpp0303762   63.0   567   5.54     NP_001262356   AGB95738 CD98hc-PF   FBpp0304466   62.7   565   5.39     NP_001262354   AGB95736
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Glycoside hydrolase, family 13 (IPR015902) Glycoside hydrolase, catalytic domain (IPR013781) Glycoside hydrolase, superfamily (IPR017853) Glycosyl hydrolase, family 13, catalytic domain (IPR006047)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA264128   AA803069   AA821110   AA821111   AE014297 AAF54170   AE014297 AGB95736   AE014297 AGB95737   AE014297 AGB95738   AI134963   AI135418   AI389545   AI403244   AY071357 AAL48979   BE977384   BG637626   BI242133   BI354974   BI355716   BI580358   BI584784   BI634160   BT044083   CO154552   CO178520   CO188504   CO272272   CO280905   CO291582   CO322496   CO328177   CO337846   CO337883   CZ466196   CZ479041   CZ482254   CZ482255   CZ484342   CZ484343   EC057789   EC058314   EC086847   EC206602   EC223983   EC232331   EC233823   EC235008   EC235765   EC240071   EC249626   EC261922   EC262485   EC264339   EC267060   EV575501   EV579695
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VHX9 Q8SYR7
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | gap expression pattern   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   amnioserosa   (Fisher et al., 2012) anterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) inclusive hindgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   anterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) foregut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) hindgut proper primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) plasmatocyte primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as plasmatocytes anlage posterior midgut primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) procrystal cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic brain   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic foregut   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic proventriculus   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral midline   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral nerve cord   (Fisher et al., 2012) yolk nucleus   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult fat body, larval/adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval Malpighian tubules, larval trachea, adult male reproductive system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1654.15 Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland    1393.6 Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass    1201.725 Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye    1174.175 Adult Brain    1099.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1265.3 Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body    1092.2 Adult Salivary Gland    1143.6 Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary    1142.5 Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1654.15) Larval Midgut  (882.5) Larval Hindgut  (811.7) Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body  (739) Larval Salivary Gland  (1393.6) Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass  (1201.725) Adult Head  (903.9) Adult Eye  (1174.175) Adult Brain  (1099.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1265.3) Adult Crop  (835.7) Adult Midgut  (666.7) Adult Hindgut  (877.3) Adult Malpighian Tubules  (807.4) Adult Fat Body  (1092.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (1143.6) Adult Heart  (578.675) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (990.9) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (942.7) Adult Ovary  (1142.5) Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass  (668.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1654.15) Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland  (1393.6) Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass  (1201.725) Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye  (1174.175) Adult Brain  (1099.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1265.3) Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body  (1092.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (1143.6) Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary  (1142.5) Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1654.15 Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland    1393.6 Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass    1201.725 Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye    1174.175 Adult Brain    1099.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1265.3 Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body    1092.2 Adult Salivary Gland    1143.6 Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary    1142.5 Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1654.15 Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland    1393.6 Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass    1201.725 Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye    1174.175 Adult Brain    1099.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1265.3 Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body    1092.2 Adult Salivary Gland    1143.6 Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary    1142.5 Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (1654.15) Larval Midgut  (882.5) Larval Hindgut  811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body  739 Larval Salivary Gland  (1393.6) Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass  (1201.725) Adult Head  (903.9) Adult Eye  (1174.175) Adult Brain  (1099.2) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1265.3) Adult Crop  (835.7) Adult Midgut  666.7 Adult Hindgut  (877.3) Adult Malpighian Tubules  807.4 Adult Fat Body  (1092.2) Adult Salivary Gland  (1143.6) Adult Heart  578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (990.9) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (942.7) Adult Ovary  (1142.5) Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass  668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  1654.15 Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland  1393.6 Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass  1201.725 Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye  1174.175 Adult Brain  1099.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1265.3 Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body  1092.2 Adult Salivary Gland  1143.6 Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary  1142.5 Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1654.15 Larval Midgut    882.5 Larval Hindgut    811.7 Larval Malpighian Tubules    458.5 Larval Fat Body    739 Larval Salivary Gland    1393.6 Larval Trachea    378.475 Larval Carcass    1201.725 Adult Head    903.9 Adult Eye    1174.175 Adult Brain    1099.2 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1265.3 Adult Crop    835.7 Adult Midgut    666.7 Adult Hindgut    877.3 Adult Malpighian Tubules    807.4 Adult Fat Body    1092.2 Adult Salivary Gland    1143.6 Adult Heart    578.675 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7 Adult Ovary    1142.5 Adult Testis    174.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    373.4 Adult Carcass    668.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    903.9   NA  Eye    1174.175   NA  Brain    1099.2   1654.15  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1265.3   NA  Crop    835.7   882.5  Midgut    666.7   811.7  Hindgut    877.3   458.5  Malpighian Tubules    807.4   739  Fat Body    1092.2   1393.6  Salivary Gland    1143.6   NA  Heart    578.675   378.475  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    990.9   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    942.7   NA  Ovary    1142.5   NA  Testis    174.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    373.4   1201.725  Carcass    668.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae    118 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae    118 fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female    132 ovary, mated 4-day female    108 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (79) central nervous system, larvae L3  (84) central nervous system, pupae P8  (90) head, virgin 1-day female  (43) head, virgin 4-day female  (52) head, virgin 20-day female  (62) head, mated 1-day female  (42) head, mated 4-day female  (58) head, mated 20-day female  (43) head, mated 1-day male  (62) head, mated 4-day male  (80) head, mated 20-day male  (98) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae  (118) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (36) digestive system, 1-day adult  (31) digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  (38) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae  (118) fat body, pupae P8  (51) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (87) carcass, 1-day adult  (28) carcass, 4-day adult  (36) carcass, 20-day adult  (35) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (132) ovary, mated 4-day female  (108) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae  (118) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae  (118) fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (132) ovary, mated 4-day female  (108) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae    118 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae    118 fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female    132 ovary, mated 4-day female    108 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae    118 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae    118 fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female    132 ovary, mated 4-day female    108 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (79) central nervous system, larvae L3  (84) central nervous system, pupae P8  (90) head, virgin 1-day female  (43) head, virgin 4-day female  (52) head, virgin 20-day female  (62) head, mated 1-day female  (42) head, mated 4-day female  (58) head, mated 20-day female  (43) head, mated 1-day male  (62) head, mated 4-day male  (80) head, mated 20-day male  (98) salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae  (118) digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (36) digestive system, 1-day adult  31 digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  (38) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae  (118) fat body, pupae P8  (51) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (87) carcass, 1-day adult  28 carcass, 4-day adult  (36) carcass, 20-day adult  (35) ovary, virgin 4-day female  (132) ovary, mated 4-day female  (108) testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae  118 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae  118 fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female  132 ovary, mated 4-day female  108 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    79 central nervous system, larvae L3    84 central nervous system, pupae P8    90 head, virgin 1-day female    43 head, virgin 4-day female    52 head, virgin 20-day female    62 head, mated 1-day female    42 head, mated 4-day female    58 head, mated 20-day female    43 head, mated 1-day male    62 head, mated 4-day male    80 head, mated 20-day male    98 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    18 salivary gland, white prepupae    118 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    36 digestive system, 1-day adult    31 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    38 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    19 fat body, white prepupae    118 fat body, pupae P8    51 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    87 carcass, 1-day adult    28 carcass, 4-day adult    36 carcass, 20-day adult    35 ovary, virgin 4-day female    132 ovary, mated 4-day female    108 testis, mated 4-day male    25 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    21 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 hour embryonic stages, during early pupal stages, in adult female stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    147 embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr    101 embryo 08-10hr    102 embryo 10-12hr    140 embryo 12-14hr    102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1    103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    117 white prepupae new    154 white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day    123 adult female 30day    127 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (147) embryo 02-04hr  (67) embryo 04-06hr  (79) embryo 06-08hr  (101) embryo 08-10hr  (102) embryo 10-12hr  (140) embryo 12-14hr  (102) embryo 14-16hr  (71) embryo 16-18hr  (70) embryo 18-20hr  (84) embryo 20-22hr  (88) embryo 22-24hr  (95) larva L1  (103) larva L2  (75) larva L3 12hr old  (74) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (72) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (81) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (117) white prepupae new  (154) white prepupae 12hr  (58) white prepupae 24hr  (69) pupae 2d postWPP  (73) pupae 3d postWPP  (52) pupae 4d postWPP  (33) adult male 01day  (46) adult male 05day  (49) adult male 30day  (43) adult female 01day  (77) adult female 05day  (123) adult female 30day  (127) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (147) embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr  101 embryo 08-10hr  102 embryo 10-12hr  (140) embryo 12-14hr  102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1  103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (117) white prepupae new  (154) white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day  (123) adult female 30day  (127) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    147 embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr    101 embryo 08-10hr    102 embryo 10-12hr    140 embryo 12-14hr    102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1    103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    117 white prepupae new    154 white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day    123 adult female 30day    127 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    147 embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr    101 embryo 08-10hr    102 embryo 10-12hr    140 embryo 12-14hr    102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1    103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    117 white prepupae new    154 white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day    123 adult female 30day    127 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (147) embryo 02-04hr  (67) embryo 04-06hr  (79) embryo 06-08hr  (101) embryo 08-10hr  (102) embryo 10-12hr  (140) embryo 12-14hr  (102) embryo 14-16hr  (71) embryo 16-18hr  (70) embryo 18-20hr  (84) embryo 20-22hr  (88) embryo 22-24hr  (95) larva L1  (103) larva L2  (75) larva L3 12hr old  (74) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (72) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (81) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (117) white prepupae new  (154) white prepupae 12hr  (58) white prepupae 24hr  (69) pupae 2d postWPP  (73) pupae 3d postWPP  (52) pupae 4d postWPP  (33) adult male 01day  (46) adult male 05day  (49) adult male 30day  (43) adult female 01day  (77) adult female 05day  (123) adult female 30day  (127) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (147) embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr  101 embryo 08-10hr  102 embryo 10-12hr  140 embryo 12-14hr  102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1  103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  117 white prepupae new  (154) white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day  123 adult female 30day  127 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    147 embryo 02-04hr    67 embryo 04-06hr    79 embryo 06-08hr    101 embryo 08-10hr    102 embryo 10-12hr    140 embryo 12-14hr    102 embryo 14-16hr    71 embryo 16-18hr    70 embryo 18-20hr    84 embryo 20-22hr    88 embryo 22-24hr    95 larva L1    103 larva L2    75 larva L3 12hr old    74 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    72 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    81 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    117 white prepupae new    154 white prepupae 12hr    58 white prepupae 24hr    69 pupae 2d postWPP    73 pupae 3d postWPP    52 pupae 4d postWPP    33 adult male 01day    46 adult male 05day    49 adult male 30day    43 adult female 01day    77 adult female 05day    123 adult female 30day    127 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    127 Schneider line 2 Sg4    108 embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2    112 embryonic Kc167    135 embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9    102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21    107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    117 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    681 tumorous blood cells mbn2    129 ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (127) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (108) embryonic 1182-4H  (49) embryonic GM2  (112) embryonic Kc167  (135) embryonic S1  (71) embryonic S3  (93) leg disc CME L1  (97) wing disc CME-W2  (81) wing disc ML-DmD8  (83) wing disc ML-DmD9  (102) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (87) wing disc ML-DmD21  (107) wing disc ML-DmD32  (93) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (48) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (107) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (117) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (104) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (83) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (681) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (129) ovary fGS/OSS  (48) ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (127) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (108) embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2  (112) embryonic Kc167  (135) embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9  102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21  107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (117) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (681) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (129) ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    127 Schneider line 2 Sg4    108 embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2    112 embryonic Kc167    135 embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9    102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21    107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    117 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    681 tumorous blood cells mbn2    129 ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    127 Schneider line 2 Sg4    108 embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2    112 embryonic Kc167    135 embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9    102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21    107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    117 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    681 tumorous blood cells mbn2    129 ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (127) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (108) embryonic 1182-4H  (49) embryonic GM2  (112) embryonic Kc167  (135) embryonic S1  (71) embryonic S3  (93) leg disc CME L1  (97) wing disc CME-W2  (81) wing disc ML-DmD8  (83) wing disc ML-DmD9  (102) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (87) wing disc ML-DmD21  (107) wing disc ML-DmD32  (93) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (48) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (107) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (117) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (104) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (83) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (681) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (129) ovary fGS/OSS  (48) ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  127 Schneider line 2 Sg4  108 embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2  112 embryonic Kc167  135 embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9  102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21  107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  117 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (681) tumorous blood cells mbn2  129 ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    127 Schneider line 2 Sg4    108 embryonic 1182-4H    49 embryonic GM2    112 embryonic Kc167    135 embryonic S1    71 embryonic S3    93 leg disc CME L1    97 wing disc CME-W2    81 wing disc ML-DmD8    83 wing disc ML-DmD9    102 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    87 wing disc ML-DmD21    107 wing disc ML-DmD32    93 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    48 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    107 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    117 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    104 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    83 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    681 tumorous blood cells mbn2    129 ovary fGS/OSS    48 ovary OSC    21 ovary OSS    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    125 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    123 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (44) cold shock, 4-day adult  (41) heat shock, 4-day adult  (77) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (51) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (54) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (64) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (96) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (88) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (91) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (123) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (48) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (123) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    125 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    123 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    125 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    123 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (44) cold shock, 4-day adult  (41) heat shock, 4-day adult  (77) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (51) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (54) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (64) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (96) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (52) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (125) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (40) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (88) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (39) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (91) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (123) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (48) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  125 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  123 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    44 cold shock, 4-day adult    41 heat shock, 4-day adult    77 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    51 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    54 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    64 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    96 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    52 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    25 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    125 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    40 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    46 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    40 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    88 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    39 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    91 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    123 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    48 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    44 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_05 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • RE39378 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0037533 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2791-RA FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for CD98hc Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 9-10 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele viable CD98hcPL00285 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 CD98hcGD2852 Sterility Allele fertile CD98hcPL00285 Phenotype manifest in Allele
Classical Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of CD98hc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion CD98hcA146 1 -- CD98hcc00097 piggyBac transposase 1 -- CD98hce04491 piggyBac transposase 1 -- CD98hcf01853 piggyBac transposase 1 -- CD98hcPL00285 P-element activity 1 -- CD98hce01230 piggyBac transposase 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 2 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of CD98hc Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion CD98hcGD2852 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes CD98hcKK104374 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Exel6263 (Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{KK104374} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{RS5}5-SZ-37165-SZ-3716 NA P{SUPor-P}KG01932KG01932 NA PBac{5HPw+}CD98hcA146 NA PBac{PB}CD98hcc00097 NA PBac{RB}CD98hce01230 NA PBac{RB}CD98hce04491 NA PBac{WH}CD98hcf01853 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}VG4 No PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}CD98hcPL00285 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 4 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
leucine import inferred from mutant phenotype (Reynolds et al., 2009)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
catalytic activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006047, InterPro:IPR013781 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) cation binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006047, InterPro:IPR013781 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
carbohydrate metabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006047, InterPro:IPR013781 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_edited_transcript (Graveley et al., 2011) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
CD98hc - CG10681 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) CD98hc - CG11911 experimental knowledge based, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Guruharsha et al., 2011, Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) CD98hc - CG1607 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) CD98hc - CG9947 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) CD98hc - Pp2B-14D anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) CD98hc - tyn anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions CD98hc allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66126 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0037533 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40941
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (17) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6CVGSP Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG676K7F Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG663Z72 Arthropod inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6CVGSP)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\CD98hc     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD19444 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM10442 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG24807 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE25755 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF16561 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA15464 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL23548 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK14296 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11031 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI10226 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH22842 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG676K7F)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL002527   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP000022   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ020244   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ011854
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG663Z72)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\Bmo.3102
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (None identified)
No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD19444 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM10442 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG24807 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE25755 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF16561 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA15464 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL23548 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK14296 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11031 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI10226 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH22842
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )
Bloomington	16052 y1 w1118; PBac{5HPw+}CD98hcA146 19442 w*; P{FRT(whs)}2A P{neoFRT}82B PBac{GAL4D,EYFP}CD98hcPL00285
Harvard	- PBac{PB}CD98hcc00097 - PBac{RB}CD98hce04491 - PBac{WH}CD98hcf01853
VDRC	v108365 P{KK104374}VIE-260B v42622 w1118; P{GD2852}v42622
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR07M14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 28 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	RE39378
Other clones	FI01811
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH12560 GH13162 GH20754 GH22645 GM06936 GM14607 GM29104 GM32076 LD07787 RE74541 RH24061 RH37380
Other clones	bs63b02 Dmel_dig_010940_0701_1907 Dmel_dig_018925_0682_2934 EK040541 EK056936 EK106514 EK155422 EK188243 EK197661 EN04342 EN15419 EN15512 EP08709 GM14606
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0037533 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40941
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: CD98hc CG2791 (Reynolds et al., 2009)
Source for database merge of
Additional comments
Other Comments
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_141495 NM_001275425 NM_001275426 NM_001275427 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_649752 NP_001262354 NP_001262355 NP_001262356 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF54170 AAL48979 AGB95736 AGB95737 AGB95738 AY071357 BI242133 CZ466196 CZ479041 CZ482254 CZ482255 CZ484342 CZ484343 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40941 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q8SYR7 Q9VHX9
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Glycoside hydrolase, family 13 (IPR015902) Glycoside hydrolase, catalytic domain (IPR013781) Glycoside hydrolase, superfamily (IPR017853) Glycosyl hydrolase, family 13, catalytic domain (IPR006047) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • RE39378
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66126 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0037533 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0037533 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0037533 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG2791-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0037533 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40941 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40941 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0037533
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 4 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	cd98hc (Reynolds et al., 2009) CD98hc   CG2791 (Graze et al., 2007, Graze et al., 2007, Reynolds et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Cammarato et al., 2011)
Name Synonym	CD98 heavy chain   CG2791
Secondary FlyBase IDs
References ( 28 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 28 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 5 ) Supplementary material  ( 8 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 10 ) Abstract  ( 1 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Baycin-Hizal et al., 2011, J. Proteome Res. 10(6): 2777--2784 GlycoFly: A Database of Drosophila N-linked Glycoproteins Identified Using SPEG-MS Techniques. [FBrf0213834] Show all research papers ...