FB2021_02, released April 13, 2021

Gene: Dmel\lmd

Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\lmd
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
lame duck
Annotation Symbol
CG4677
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039039
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
lame duck (lmd) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the embryonic somatic and visceral mesoderm, where it is essential for the specification of fusion competent myoblasts and for myoblast fusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

minc, gfl, gleeful, myoblasts incompetent

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
94D9-94D10
Sequence location
3R:23,021,222..23,026,713 [-]
Recombination map
3-77
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:23021222..23026713
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from direct assay
(Duan et al., 2001)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Duan et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in muscle organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)
involved_in myoblast fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shelton et al., 2009, Menon et al., 2005)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Duan et al., 2001)
involved_in regulation of hormone levels
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Park et al., 2014)
involved_in somatic muscle development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Duan et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in central nervous system development
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002500429
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002715661
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002715661
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Duan et al., 2001)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Duan et al., 2001)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001803442
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
lame duck (lmd) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor expressed in the embryonic somatic and visceral mesoderm, where it is essential for the specification of fusion competent myoblasts and for myoblast fusion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
C2H2 ZINC FINGER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
Zinc finger C2H2 transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA binding proteins that regulate transcription. They possess DNA-binding domains that are formed from repeated Cys2His2 zinc finger motifs. (Adapted from PMID:1835093, FBrf0220103 and FBrf0155739).
Summary (Interactive Fly)

zinc finger transcription factor - has an essential regulatory role in the specification and function of fusion-competent myoblasts

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\lmd for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.48

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
lmd-RB
FBtr0084364
NM_170044
3197
866
lmd-RC
FBtr0337069
NM_001275927
1579
365
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

2 (northern blot)

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
lmd-PB
FBpp0083757
96.0
866
5.02
NP_732811
AAN13923
lmd-PC
FBpp0307995
39.6
365
8.99
NP_001262856
AGB96236
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\lmd using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 5 -- 17
mesoderm
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
head mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
trunk mesoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
dorsal pharyngeal muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
longitudinal visceral muscle primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
somatic muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral muscle primordium

Comment: reported as muscle system primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visceral mesoderm | segmentally repeated
(Duan et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
somatic mesoderm | segmentally repeated
(Duan et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
dorsal pharyngeal muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data

lmd expression is first observed in the embryo at late stage 11 in repeateing patches of visceral mesoderm. Prominent expression is observed in somatic and visceral mesodermal cells throughout stage 12. By stage 13, low levels are seen in repeating groups of mesodermal cells and visceral mesoderm expression has subsided. lmd expression is gone from somatic mesodermal cells before fusion and is never observed in muscle fibers or in heart progenitors.

(Duan et al., 2001)

Expression is observed in mesodermal tissues starting in late embryonic stages.

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
somatic mesoderm | restricted
(Stute et al., 2004)
visceral mesoderm | restricted
(Stute et al., 2004)
fusion competent cell | subset
(Stute et al., 2004)
visceral mesoderm | segmentally repeated
(Duan et al., 2001)
embryonic stage 12 -- 13
somatic mesoderm | segmentally repeated
(Duan et al., 2001)
fusion competent cell
(Duan et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data

Expression of lmd protein is observed in two bands in the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic and visceral mesoderm, a dorsal band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the visceral mesoderm and a ventral band corresponding to the fusion-competent myoblasts of the somatic mesoderm.

(Stute et al., 2004)

lmd expression is first observed in the embryo at late stage 11 in repeateing patches of visceral mesoderm. Prominent expression is observed in somatic and visceral mesodermal cells throughout stage 12. By stage 13, low levels are seen in repeating groups of mesodermal cells and visceral mesoderm expression has subsided. lmd expression is gone from somatic mesodermal cells before fusion and is never observed in muscle fibers or in heart progenitors. Co-staining with Ecol\lacZkirre-rP298 and Mef2 markers shows that lmd protein is expressed at high levels in fusion-competent myoblasts and is barely detectable or undetectable in founder cells.

(Duan et al., 2001)
Marker for
 
fusion competent cell
(Stute et al., 2004)
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Duan et al., 2001)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Duan et al., 2001)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\lmd in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 5 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 26 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of lmd
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of lmd
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 9 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4en-e16E
lethal | male limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
lethal | male limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Other Phenotypes
Allele
visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
visible | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
visible | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
A1-7 dorsal acute muscle 1 | embryonic stage 15
embryonic/larval midgut longitudinal visceral muscle | embryonic stage
embryonic/larval pericardial cell | increased number
embryonic/larval visceral muscle | embryonic stage
embryonic midgut chamber
embryonic midgut constriction | embryonic stage
embryonic myoblast
embryonic somatic muscle
embryonic somatic muscle (with Df(3R)M95A)
embryonic visceral muscle
longitudinal visceral muscle primordium
muscle founder cell | embryonic stage
pharyngeal muscle
presumptive embryonic/larval muscle system
trichogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
wing | female limited, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
wing | female limited | cold sensitive, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (12)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\GLIS3
7 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\GLIS1
6 of 15
No
Yes
1  
Hsap\GLI1
1 of 15
No
No
9  
Hsap\GLI2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\GLI3
1 of 15
No
No
3  
Hsap\GLIS2
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\MTF1
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\ZIC4
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZIC5
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ZXDA
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZXDB
1 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ZXDC
1 of 15
No
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Glis1
5 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Glis3
5 of 15
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Gli1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Gli2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Gli3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Glis2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Mtf1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zic5
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Zxdb
1 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Zxdc
1 of 15
No
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (5)
Rnor\Glis1
3 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Glis2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Mtf1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Zic5
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Zxdc
1 of 13
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (5)
Xtro\glis1
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\glis3
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\zic4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\zic5
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\znf410
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (9)
Drer\glis3
5 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\LOC100333406
5 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\glis2a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\glis2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\klf9
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\LOC101883139
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zic3
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\zic4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\zic5
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
Cele\tra-1
4 of 15
Yes
No
Cele\M03D4.4
1 of 15
No
Yes
Cele\ref-2
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\ztf-14
1 of 15
No
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
Atha\ELF6
1 of 9
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (4)
Scer\ACE2
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\MIG2
1 of 15
Yes
Yes
Scer\SWI5
1 of 15
Yes
No
Scer\ZAP1
1 of 15
Yes
No
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
Spom\iec1
2 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\ace2
1 of 12
No
Yes
Spom\SPAC25B8.19c
1 of 12
No
Yes
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091903G0 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00010550
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD18414
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM23601
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG12470
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE23994
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF18275
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA18349
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL27360
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK11610
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ14367
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI10767
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH18235
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091501MK )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17024870
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY004887
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_03667
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes005682
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL006064
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP003885
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ003662
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0FPT )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2301783236
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB40273
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP11582
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15207101
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG001311
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_02130
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\GLEAN_15029-OG6047
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM432070
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC000136
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI005969
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_03108
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0EY4 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR005079
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW021698
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM78137.1
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM63938.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur02g03260
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_347217
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0IZP )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-GlisC
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-GlisB
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Aaas
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Glis1
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000023307
Ciona intestinalis
Vase tunicate
Cint\ENSCING00000021962
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000013597
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\GLIS1
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\ENSGALG00000010180
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (3)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
opa
3 of 10
ci
2 of 10
sug
2 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
lmdHMS02564
model of  type 2 diabetes mellitus
CEA
(Park et al., 2014)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
GLIS3; GLIS family zinc finger 3
7 of 15
610192
GLIS1; GLIS family zinc finger 1
6 of 15
610378
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
      Select Layout:
      Legend:
      Protein
      RNA
      Selected Interactor(s)
      Interactions Browser
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      lmd - CG13775
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      lmd - E(spl)mδ-HLH
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      lmd - Irbp18
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      lmd - abd-A
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
      (Baëza et al., 2015)
      lmd - toy
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      lmd - vvl
      two hybrid array
      (Shokri et al., 2019)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Linkouts
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-77
      Cytogenetic map
      94D9-94D10
      Sequence location
      3R:23,021,222..23,026,713 [-]
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      94D9-94D10
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}GclmL0580 and P{EP}hhEP3521
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      94D-94D
      (Nguyen, 2001.4.15)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-77

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-79.3

      (Comeron et al., 2012)

      3-

      (Duan et al., 2001)
      Left of (cM)
      (Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Duan et al., 2001)
      Right of (cM)
      (Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Duan et al., 2001)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (7)
      Genomic Clones (16)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (96)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal antibody

      (Stute et al., 2004)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: Lmd gfl

      (Furlong, 2001.9.5)

      Source for identity of: Lmd CG4677

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: CG4677 anon- EST:CL2d4

      (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
      Additional comments

      Source for identity of Lmd CG4677 was sequence comparison ( date:010702 ).

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Other Comments

      ChEST reveals this is a target of Mef2.

      (Junion et al., 2005)

      lmd is required for fusion-competent myoblasts to differentiate.

      (Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

      Fusion-competent myoblasts remain as an immature population of mesodermal cells that cannot contribute to muscle formation in mutant embryos, resulting in a failure to form multinucleate muscles.

      (Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)

      lmd mutant embryos show loss of expression of two key differentiation and fusion genes, Mef2 and sns, in fusion-competent myoblasts and completely lack multinucleate somatic muscle fibres. However, founder cells are specified and retain their capacity to differentiate into mononucleate muscle cells.

      (Duan et al., 2001)

      lmd is essential for somatic muscle development.

      (Furlong et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)

      Identification: DNA microarray analysis comparing patterns of transcription between twi+ and twi- embryos.

      (Furlong et al., 2001, Furlong et al., 2001)

      Isolated from a subtractive cDNA library enriched in sequences expressed in the mesoderm.

      (Casal and Leptin, 1996)

      A lmd cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. lmd is expressed in the mesoderm.

      (Casal and Leptin, 1996)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology

      The gene is named "myoblasts incompetent" after the mutant phenotype; mutants show a defect in the differentiation of fusion-competent myoblasts (while there is no apparent requirement for the gene in the differentiation of founder myoblasts).

      (Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002)
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 46 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      Linkouts
      DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (18)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      CG4677
      (Hosono et al., 2015, Haye et al., 2014, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Brody et al., 2002, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)
      K
      (Casal and Leptin, 1996)
      LMD
      (Potthoff and Olson, 2007)
      Lmd
      (Drechsler et al., 2018, Nässel and Vanden Broeck, 2016, Baëza et al., 2015, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Sens et al., 2010, Bai et al., 2008, Beckett and Baylies, 2007, Nguyen et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006, Duan and Nguyen, 2004, Nguyen, 2001.4.15)
      anon-EST:CL2d4
      gfl
      (Haye et al., 2014, Xiong and Zhou, 2013, Jia and Huan, 2010, Chen and Olson, 2004, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)
      gfl.lmd
      (Ditzler et al., 2019)
      lmd
      (Cridland et al., 2020, Lee and Chen, 2019, Schultheis et al., 2019, Shokri et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Wang et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2017, Nie et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Sarov et al., 2016, Vanha-Aho et al., 2016, Monfort and Furlong, 2015.1.15, Nadimpalli et al., 2015, Schertel et al., 2015, Zang et al., 2015, Ciglar et al., 2014, Haye et al., 2014, Kurata, 2014, Park et al., 2014, Rogers et al., 2014, Rudolf et al., 2014, Xu and Cherry, 2014, Bonn et al., 2013, Enuameh et al., 2013, Popichenko et al., 2013, Bonn et al., 2012, Bryantsev et al., 2012, Busser et al., 2012, Duan et al., 2012, Zhou et al., 2012, Zhu et al., 2012, Jin et al., 2011, Weake et al., 2011, Cunha et al., 2010, Jia and Huan, 2010, Liu et al., 2009, Sellin et al., 2009, Shelton et al., 2009, Beckett et al., 2008, Carrasco-Rando and Ruiz-Gómez, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Drechsler et al., 2007, Duan et al., 2007, Estrada et al., 2007, Jakobsen et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2007, Kim et al., 2007, Massarwa et al., 2007, Popichenko et al., 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Duan and Nguyen, 2006, Estrada et al., 2006, Sandmann et al., 2006, Hossain et al., 2005, Menon et al., 2005)
      minc
      (Carrasco-Rando et al., 2016, Popichenko et al., 2013, Chen and Olson, 2004, Marin et al., 2004, Dworak and Sink, 2002, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Taylor, 2002, Ruiz-Gomez, 2001.7.13)
      Name Synonyms
      Gleeful
      (Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006)
      Lame Duck
      (Drechsler et al., 2007)
      Lame duck
      (Wang et al., 2015, Spletter and Schnorrer, 2014, Popichenko et al., 2013, Busser et al., 2012, Bai et al., 2008, Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Nguyen et al., 2007, Popichenko et al., 2007, Potthoff and Olson, 2007, Richardson et al., 2007, Sellin et al., 2007, Nguyen and Frasch, 2006)
      Lameduck
      (Beckett and Baylies, 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006, Philippakis et al., 2006)
      Myoblasts incompetent
      (Beckett et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Beckett and Baylies, 2006)
      gleeful
      (Menon et al., 2005, Furlong, 2001.9.5, Furlong et al., 2001)
      lame duck
      (Jin et al., 2011, Cunha et al., 2010, Estrada et al., 2007, Johnson et al., 2007, Estrada et al., 2006, Menon et al., 2005)
      lameduck
      (Baëza et al., 2015, Monfort and Furlong, 2015.1.15, Massarwa et al., 2007)
      myoblasts incompetent
      (Menon et al., 2005, Ruiz-Gomez et al., 2002, Ruiz-Gomez, 2001.7.13)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0019860
      Datasets (1)
      Study focus (1)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      • bait_protein
      Furlong_ChIP-chip
      ChIP-chip identification of binding sites for transcription factors that regulate mesodermal development.
      References (129)