FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\REPTOR
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\REPTOR
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Repressed by TOR
Annotation Symbol
CG13624
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039209
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
17 publicly available
Gene Summary
Repressed by TOR (REPTOR) encodes a transcription factor that shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus depending on the state of the activity of the product of mTor. Together with its binding partner encoded by REPTOR-BP, it mediates much of the transcriptional response observed upon Tor complex 1 inhibition. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
96A7-96A9
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-85
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:24557368..24582864
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (12 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein heterodimerization activity
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:REPTOR-BP; FB:FBgn0032202
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001089862
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004827
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II transcription regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001089862
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in positive regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
involved_in response to starvation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
involved_in TORC1 signaling
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of DNA-templated transcription
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004827
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001089862
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in response to unfolded protein
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR039165
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001089862
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the bZIP family. CREBRF subfamily. (Q9VC61)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Repressed by TOR (REPTOR) encodes a transcription factor that shuttles between cytoplasm and nucleus depending on the state of the activity of the product of mTor. Together with its binding partner encoded by REPTOR-BP, it mediates much of the transcriptional response observed upon Tor complex 1 inhibition. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
BASIC LEUCINE ZIPPER TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors are sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins that regulate transcription. They are characterized by a 60-80 amino acid bZIP domain: a basic DNA binding domain followed by a leucine zipper dimerization domain. (Adapted from FBrf0152056).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Transcriptional regulator that acts in the TORC1 signaling pathway to regulate energy homeostasis and promote survival during nutrient deprivation. Interacts with REPTOR to form a transcriptional activator complex that functions downstream of TORC1 to up-regulate the expression of most target genes induced by TORC1 inhibition. In the complex, acts as the transcriptional activator. Under normal conditions TORC1 is active, inhibiting the formation of the REPTOR/REPTOR-BP complex by phosphorylating REPTOR and mediates its cytoplasmic retention by forming a docking site for 14-3-3 proteins. Upon TORC1 inhibition resulting from nutrient stress, REPTOR is recruited into the nucleus where it interacts with REPTOR-BP and together they maintain organismal metabolism by activating the expression of target stress response genes including those involved in glycogenesis and triglyceride biosynthesis. The complex also appears to negatively regulate some aspects of TORC1-dependent larval growth.
(UniProt, Q9VC61)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

Basic leucine zipper (bZIP) domain transcription factor - together with its binding partner encoded by REPTOR-BP, mediates much of the transcriptional response observed upon Tor complex 1 inhibition - plays critical roles in maintaining energy homeostasis and promoting animal survival upon nutrient restriction

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
7
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\REPTOR for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VC61)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
REPTOR-RA
FBtr0084674
NM_170150
3864
755
REPTOR-RB
FBtr0084672
NM_170151
5651
755
REPTOR-RC
FBtr0084675
NM_143014
4228
755
REPTOR-RD
FBtr0084673
NM_170152
3684
755
REPTOR-RE
FBtr0110795
NM_001043287
3680
814
REPTOR-RF
FBtr0110796
NM_001043288
3805
814
REPTOR-RG
FBtr0345204
NM_001300576
3698
755
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
REPTOR-PA
FBpp0084054
82.3
755
6.09
Q9VC61
NP_733012
AAF56314
REPTOR-PB
FBpp0084052
82.3
755
6.09
Q9VC61
NP_733013
AAN14001
REPTOR-PC
FBpp0084055
82.3
755
6.09
Q9VC61
NP_651271
AAN14002
REPTOR-PD
FBpp0084053
82.3
755
6.09
Q9VC61
NP_733014
AAN14003
REPTOR-PE
FBpp0110092
88.6
814
6.39
NP_001036752
ABI31203
REPTOR-PF
FBpp0110093
88.6
814
6.39
NP_001036753
ABI31204
REPTOR-PG
FBpp0311399
82.3
755
6.09
Q9VC61
NP_001287505
AHN57504
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

755 aa isoforms: REPTOR-PA, REPTOR-PB, REPTOR-PC, REPTOR-PD, REPTOR-PG
814 aa isoforms: REPTOR-PE, REPTOR-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts (via C-terminus) with REPTOR-BP (via C-terminus). Interacts with the TORC1 complex component raptor. Interacts (when phosphorylated) with 14-3-3zeta, this interaction may assist its cytoplasmic retention.

(UniProt, Q9VC61)
Post Translational Modification

Phosphorylation by the TORC1 kinase complex at Ser-527 and Ser-530 abolishes nuclear localization. Upon TORC1 inhibition, dephosphorylated in a mts/PP2a-dependent manner leading to nuclear localization.

(UniProt, Q9VC61)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\REPTOR using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.71

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
antennal anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual anlage

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | pair rule expression pattern
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium

Comment: reported as ventral nerve cord anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
antennal primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
visual primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
dorsal head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
lateral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral head epidermis primordium

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | segmentally repeated
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior endoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral ectoderm
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
anterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
central brain primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
posterior midgut primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
ventral nerve cord primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
yolk nucleus
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic brain
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval nervous system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
gonad
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
larval ventral nerve cord
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 15
ventral nerve cord
(Magalhaes et al., 2007)
embryonic brain | restricted
(Magalhaes et al., 2007)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
located_in nucleus
inferred from direct assay
(Tiebe et al., 2015)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\REPTOR in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 22 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of REPTOR
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of REPTOR
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(3R)Exel7357
(Ryder, 2004.4.26)
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\CREBRF
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Crebrf
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Crebrf
6 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\crebrf
4 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\birc2
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\crebrf
5 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003726
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:REPTOR. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    REPTORNIG.13624R
    ameliorates  intestinal cancer
    modeled by yki3SA.lexAop.sfGFP
    (Saavedra et al., 2023)
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    CREBRF; CREB3 regulatory factor
    6 of 14
    617109
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        REPTOR
        suppressible
        Akt
        (Saavedra et al., 2023)
        REPTOR
        suppressible
        whd
        (Saavedra et al., 2023)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        mTor
        suppressible
        REPTOR
        (Tiebe et al., 2015)
        Pgam1
        suppressible
        REPTOR
        (Rodríguez-Vázquez et al., 2024)
        External Data
        Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
        Interacts (via C-terminus) with REPTOR-BP (via C-terminus). Interacts with the TORC1 complex component raptor. Interacts (when phosphorylated) with 14-3-3zeta, this interaction may assist its cytoplasmic retention.
        (UniProt, Q9VC61 )
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Linkouts
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        3R
        Recombination map
        3-85
        Cytogenetic map
        96A7-96A9
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        96A7-96A9
        Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}crb07207&P{PZ}BRWD305842 and P{EP}CycB3EP3127
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        3-85

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        3-84.0

        (Comeron et al., 2012)
        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (17)
        Genomic Clones (19)
        cDNA Clones (68)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Tiebe et al., 2015)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments
              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: CG13624 anon-WO0153538.65

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Additional comments

              l(3)rI809 may correspond to REPTOR: the P{PZ}l(3)rI809rI809 insertion maps within the transcription unit.

              (Gene Disruption Project members, 2015.10.8)

              Source for merge of CG13624 anon-WO0153538.65 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of

              Source for identity of: REPTOR CG13624

              (Tiebe et al., 2015)
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 66 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              References (77)