FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\ND-20L
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\ND-20L
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 20 kDa subunit-like
Annotation Symbol
CG2014
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039669
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
4 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
NADH:ubiquinone reductase (H(+)-translocating) (7.1.1.2)
Gene Summary
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 20 kDa subunit-like (ND-20L) encodes a flavoprotein and iron-sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. It is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I, which is part of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. It may have a role in regulating aggression behavior. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

ND20-like, NADH: ubiquinone oxidoreductase-like, 20kDa subunit

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99B2-99B2
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-99
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:29515717..29516527
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables 4 iron, 4 sulfur cluster binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006138
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000242188
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006138
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
contributes_to NADH dehydrogenase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75251
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
enables quinone binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR006138
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in aerobic respiration
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000242188
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in electron transport coupled proton transport
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000242188
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000242190
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of respiratory chain complex I
inferred from direct assay
(Murari et al., 2021)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in mitochondrial inner membrane
inferred by curator from GO:0045271
(Murari et al., 2021)
located_in mitochondrial inner membrane
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75251
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
part_of respiratory chain complex I
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O75251
(Gene Ontology Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000242188
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Catalytic Activity (EC/Rhea)
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) activity
a ubiquinone + NADH + 5 H(+)(in) = a ubiquinol + NAD(+) + 4 H(+)(out) (7.1.1.2)
RHEA 29091: NADH dehydrogenase activity
RHEA 11356:
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 20 kDa subunit-like (ND-20L) encodes a flavoprotein and iron-sulfur-containing oxidoreductase that catalyzes the oxidation of NADH to NAD. It is a component of the mitochondrial electron transport complex I, which is part of the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. It may have a role in regulating aggression behavior. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I - CORE SUBUNITS -
Mitochondrial Complex I is the first and largest holoenzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It oxidizes NADH from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β oxidation of fatty acids, reduces ubiquinone and transports protons across the inner membrane, contributing to the proton-motive force. It is also involved in the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Fourteen distinct subunits form the catalytic centers of the enzyme as they are directly involved in transferring electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, or for generation of the membrane potential - they are referred to as the 'core' or 'central' subunits and are conserved from the ancestral enzyme in bacteria to mammals. Seven core subunits are encoded by mtDNA, while the others are encoded the nuclear genome. (Adapted from PMID:23527692 and FBrf0244962.)
MITOCHONDRIAL COMPLEX I - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
Mitochondrial Complex I is the first and largest holoenzyme of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. It oxidizes NADH from the tricarboxylic acid cycle and β oxidation of fatty acids, reduces ubiquinone and transports protons across the inner membrane, contributing to the proton-motive force. It is also involved in the cellular production of reactive oxygen species. Fourteen distinct subunits form the catalytic centers of the enzyme as they are directly involved in transferring electrons from NADH to ubiquinone, or for generation of the membrane potential. (Adapted from PMID:23527692 and FBrf0244962.)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\ND-20L for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VAK5)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
ND-20L-RA
FBtr0085440
NM_143441
715
212
ND-20L-RB
FBtr0339902
NM_001300655
753
212
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
ND-20L-PA
FBpp0084806
24.2
212
9.99
Q9VAK5
NP_651698
AAF56901
ND-20L-PB
FBpp0308934
24.2
212
9.99
Q9VAK5
NP_001287584
AHN57583
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

212 aa isoforms: ND-20L-PA, ND-20L-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\ND-20L using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

4.93

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of respiratory chain complex I
inferred from direct assay
(Murari et al., 2021)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\ND-20L in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of ND-20L
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of ND-20L
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 7 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\NDUFS7
13 of 14
Yes
No
1  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Ndufs7
13 of 14
Yes
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Ndufs7
12 of 14
Yes
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (2)
Xtro\ndufs7
10 of 13
Yes
No
Xtro\immp1l
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\ndufs7
13 of 14
Yes
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\nduf-7
13 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP000170
8 of 12
Yes
No
Agam\AgaP_AGAP003231
7 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)
Atha\AT5G11770
12 of 13
Yes
No
Atha\ndhK
4 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G58750
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (3)
Ecol\nuoB
10 of 11
Yes
Yes
Ecol\hycG
1 of 11
No
Yes
Ecol\hyfI
1 of 11
No
Yes
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:ND-20L. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
ND-20
12 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
NDUFS7; NADH:ubiquinone oxidoreductase core subunit S7
13 of 14
601825
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Other Interaction Browsers
View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
ND-20L - ND-20
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ND-20L - ND-39
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
ND-20L - ND-B17.2
experimental knowledge based
(Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Other Interaction Browsers
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-99
Cytogenetic map
99B2-99B2
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
99B2-99B2
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0674306743 and P{PZ}ncd05884
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location

3-99

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-96.4

(Comeron et al., 2012)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (4)
Genomic Clones (10)
 

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (3)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of
          Additional comments

          The CG9172 and CG2014 genes share at least 50% identity.

          (Langille and Clark, 2007)

          The CG2014 gene may have been derived from the CG9172 gene by retroposition.

          (Dai et al., 2006)
          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: ND20-like CG2014

          (Li-Byarlay et al., 2014)

          Source for identity of: ND-20L ND20-like

          (Porcelli and Marygold, 2014.9.16)
          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 34 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          KEGG Metabolic Pathways - A collection of manually drawn metabolic pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          References (45)