Gene Dmel\Atg16

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General Information

Symbol

Dmel\Atg16

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Annotation symbol

CG31033

Feature type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0039705

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock availability

7 publicly available

Genomic Location

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

Cytogenetic map

99C2-99C2

Sequence location

3R:25,653,003..25,660,823 [-]

Genomic Maps

Select View:

Summary Information

Automatically generated summary

See sections below for more information

This gene is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Atg16 (CG31033, FBgn0039705). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Its molecular function is unknown. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: regulation of autophagy. 7 alleles are reported. No phenotypic data is available. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Autophagy-related protein 16; G-protein beta WD-40 repeat; WD40 repeat; WD40 repeat, conserved site; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 and 18-24 hour embryonic stages, in stages of adults of both sexes. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult testis, larval carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1633643_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region of only a subset of 4 of the 5 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of CG31033. Gene sequence location is 3R:25653003..25660823.

User Contributed Data

Beta version, feedback welcome

Recent Updates

Description

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This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms).

What does this section not display?

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FB2013_03

FB2013_02

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Detailed Mapping Data

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

99C2-99C2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd⁰⁵⁸⁸⁴ and P{lacW}l(3)s2500^s2500

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Gene Model & Products

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Atg16 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Associated CDS (aa)

Atg16-RA

FBtr0085529

NM_170432

1659

419

Atg16-RB

FBtr0085530

NM_170433

1668

445

Atg16-RC

FBtr0085528

NM_170434

2350

604

Atg16-RF

FBtr0339144

2374

612

Additional Transcript Data & Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank protein

Atg16-PA

FBpp0084895

45.7

419

6.93

NP_733311

AAF56951

Atg16-PB

FBpp0084896

48.9

445

8.05

NP_733312

AAF56950

Atg16-PC

FBpp0084894

67.3

604

6.92

NP_733313

AAF56952

Atg16-PF

FBpp0308289

68.3

612

7.41

Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

WD40 repeat (IPR001680)

WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986)

WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943)

Autophagy-related protein 16 (IPR013923)

WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775)

G-protein beta WD-40 repeat (IPR020472)

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

DDBJ /
EMBL /
GenBank

DNA sequence

Protein sequence

Name

Mapped Features

Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details.

Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports.

Type

Symbol & Location

Additional Notes

References

External Data

Linkouts

Crossreferences

Expression Data

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Comment:maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)

CV term

Evidence

References

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data

(FlyAtlas-RNA.adult)

(FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Back-to-back
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High level expression bin max
	Very high expression bin max

Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, adult crop, larval midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system, adult testis, larval carcass.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors
	No expression (0 - 9.999)
	Low expression (10 - 99.999)
	Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)
	High level expression (500 - 999.999)
	Very high expression (>999.999)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		Very high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High

log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System		128.925
Larval Midgut		115.1
Larval Hindgut		168
Larval Malpighian Tubules		138.9
Larval Fat Body		109.3
Larval Salivary Gland		166.1
Larval Trachea		115
Larval Carcass		268.25
Adult Head		70.3
Adult Eye		78.1
Adult Brain		96.3
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion		93.1
Adult Crop		476.4
Adult Midgut		78
Adult Hindgut		167.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules		90
Adult Fat Body		89.6
Adult Salivary Gland		96.3
Adult Heart		114.5
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca		108.7
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca		129.9
Adult Ovary		203.8
Adult Testis		487
Adult Male Accessory Gland		79.7
Adult Carcass		77.6
Expression Level Scale		None Low Moderate High Very high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass

FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level	Tissue	Adult Expression Level
NA	Head	70.3
NA	Eye	78.1
NA	Brain	96.3
128.925	Central Nervous System	NA
NA	Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion	93.1
NA	Crop	476.4
115.1	Midgut	78
168	Hindgut	167.2
138.9	Malpighian Tubules	90
109.3	Fat Body	89.6
166.1	Salivary Gland	96.3
NA	Heart	114.5
115	Trachea	NA
NA	VirginFemale Spermatheca	108.7
NA	InseminatedFemale Spermatheca	129.9
NA	Ovary	203.8
NA	Testis	487
NA	Male Accessory Gland	79.7
268.25	Carcass	77.6

FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)

modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq

modENCODE Tissue Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(36)
ovary, mated 4-day female		(31)
testis, mated 4-day male		(67)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		(36)
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		(67)
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering		25
central nervous system, larvae L3		13
central nervous system, pupae P8		6
head, virgin 1-day female		5
head, virgin 4-day female		8
head, virgin 20-day female		7
head, mated 1-day female		5
head, mated 4-day female		5
head, mated 20-day female		6
head, mated 1-day male		7
head, mated 4-day male		7
head, mated 20-day male		11
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering		4
salivary gland, white prepupae		11
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering		19
digestive system, 1-day adult		8
digestive system, 4-day adult		10
digestive system, 20-day adult		9
fat body, larvae L3 wandering		4
fat body, white prepupae		10
fat body, pupae P8		15
carcass, larvae L3 wandering		15
carcass, 1-day adult		5
carcass, 4-day adult		7
carcass, 20-day adult		8
ovary, virgin 4-day female		36
ovary, mated 4-day female		31
testis, mated 4-day male		67
accessory gland, mated 4-day male		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Tissue		Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male

modENCODE Development RNA-Seq

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-12 and 18-24 hour embryonic stages, in stages of adults of both sexes.
[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(34)
embryo 02-04hr		(34)
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		(34)
embryo 02-04hr		(34)
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr		34
embryo 02-04hr		34
embryo 04-06hr		17
embryo 06-08hr		19
embryo 08-10hr		22
embryo 10-12hr		23
embryo 12-14hr		16
embryo 14-16hr		15
embryo 16-18hr		16
embryo 18-20hr		15
embryo 20-22hr		24
embryo 22-24hr		23
larva L1		10
larva L2		10
larva L3 12hr old		9
larva L3 puffstage 1-2		12
larva L3 puffstage 3-6		15
larva L3 puffstage 7-9		15
white prepupae new		13
white prepupae 12hr		13
white prepupae 24hr		14
pupae 2d postWPP		13
pupae 3d postWPP		12
pupae 4d postWPP		13
adult male 01day		17
adult male 05day		22
adult male 30day		20
adult female 01day		11
adult female 05day		19
adult female 30day		20
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Developmental Stage		Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day

modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)

modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq

modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A)

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		(56)
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		(31)
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		(56)
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+		56
Schneider line 2 Sg4		22
embryonic 1182-4H		12
embryonic GM2		11
embryonic Kc167		17
embryonic S1		15
embryonic S3		16
leg disc CME L1		18
wing disc CME-W2		23
wing disc ML-DmD8		11
wing disc ML-DmD9		11
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3		18
wing disc ML-DmD21		26
wing disc ML-DmD32		10
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3		18
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11		9
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5		20
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1		19
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1		15
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2		10
tumorous blood cells mbn2		22
ovary fGS/OSS		21
ovary OSC		31
ovary OSS		14
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Cell Line		Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS

modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq

modENCODE Treatment Expression Data

(modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)

	Styles
	Linear
	Logarithmic
	Heatmap
	Scales
	gene max expression
	Moderate expression bin max
	High expression bin max
	Extremely high expression bin max

[download data (TSV)]

Guide to modENCODE expression level colors
	No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)
	Very low expression (1 - 3)
	Low expression (4 - 10)
	Moderate expression (11 - 25)
	Moderately high expression (26 - 50)
	High expression (51 - 100)
	Very high expression (101 - 1000)
	Extremely high expression (>1000)

Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		(28)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Extremely high

log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high

log, scaled to High expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high

log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult		10
cold shock, 4-day adult		9
heat shock, 4-day adult		16
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		15
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		25
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		14
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3		9
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		11
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		28
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3		16
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3		10
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3		14
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		23
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult		10
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		24
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult		22
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3		13
Expression Level Scale		Very low Low Moderate Moderately high High Very high Extremely high

Heatmap
Treatment		Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3

Expression Clusters

A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.

(The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011)

External Data & Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data

•

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0039705

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG31033-RC

Alleles & Phenotypes

Summary of Allele Phenotypes

Lethality

Allele

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

Atg16^GD10140

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

embryonic/larval fat body | somatic clone | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PP

Classical Alleles ( 3 )

For All Classical Alleles Show

Allele of Atg16	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Atg16^G5082	P-element activity	1	--
Atg16^MI00187		1	--
Atg16^MI04428		1	--

Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Allele of Atg16	Mutagen	Stocks	Known lesion
Atg16^GD10140	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	2	Yes
Atg16^HMS01347	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Atg16^KK102326	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	1	Yes
Atg16^NIG.15513-3R	in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion	0	Yes

Aneuploid Aberrations

Transgenic Constructs & Insertions

Transgenic Constructs

Type of construct

Name

Expression data

Insertions

Type of insertions

Name

Expression data

insertion of mobile activating element

P{EP}Atg16^G5082

miscellaneous insertions

Mi{MIC}Atg16^MI00187

Mi{MIC}Atg16^MI04428

Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 1 unique term )

There is no information supporting a cellular component or molecular function term for this gene.

(Based on a review of available data on: 2008-07-10)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )

Molecular Function ( 0 terms)

Biological Process

CV term

Evidence

References

regulation of autophagy

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pircs et al., 2012)

Cellular Component ( 0 terms)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 0 terms )

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Interactions & Pathways

Summary of Physical Interactions

protein-protein

Interacting group

Assay

References

Atg16 - Atg5

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23, Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Atg16 - CG4325

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Atg16 - Cam

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Atg16 - wdb

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interacts with

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Atg16 allele

Gene

References

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

77369

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0039705

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

326115

SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.

•

B7Z0R8

Orthologs

OrthoDB Orthologs (44) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41

OrthoDB Ortholog Groups

OrthoDB orthology group searches

(Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288)

Drosophila inclusive ortholog search

EOG61VKNJ

Dipteran inclusive ortholog search

EOG6640M7

Insect inclusive ortholog search

EOG6FFBX0

Arthropod inclusive ortholog search

EOG6MGQPH

Metazoa inclusive ortholog search

EOG6TFCCQ

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG61VKNJ)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA15952

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL24002

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK11448

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ22407

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI20554

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH22420

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG6640M7)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL007574

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP002315

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ005071

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6FFBX0)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\GB43755

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG011845

Acromyrmex echinatior

Panamanian leafcutter ant

Aech\AECH21999

Atta cephalotes

Leafcutter ant

Acep\ACEP22471

Camponotus floridanus

Florida carpenter ant

Cflo\CFLO14690

Harpegnathos saltator

Jerdons jumping ant

Hsal\HSAL18609

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH22797

Pogonomyrmex barbatus

Red harvester ant

Pbar\PB20361

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV23206

Solenopsis invicta

Red fire ant

Sinv\SINV23222

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI065154

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA006504

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM495740

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC002674

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6MGQPH)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\Irx2

Ixodes scapularis

Deer tick

Isca\ISCW000705

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6TFCCQ)

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\atg-16.1

Caenorhabditis elegans

Nematode

Cele\atg-16.2

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\SPU_026616gn

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\atg16l1

Danio rerio

Zebrafish

Drer\ENSDARG00000086191

Xenopus tropicalis

Western clawed frog

Xtro\atg16l1

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\ATG16L1

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Atg16l1

Mus musculus

House mouse

Mmus\Atg16l2

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Atg16l1

Rattus norvegicus

Norway rat

Rnor\Atg16l2

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\ATG16L1

Homo sapiens

Human

Hsap\ATG16L2

Human Orthologs (2)

Gene

OMIM

HGNC

Hsap\ATG16L1

Hsap\ATG16L2

AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3

Organism

Gene

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA15952

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL24002

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK11448

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ22407

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI20554

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH22420

Stocks & Reagents

Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 7 )

Bloomington

30114

w¹¹¹⁸; P{EP}Atg16^G5082

30656

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Atg16^MI00187

37954

y¹ w^*; Mi{MIC}Atg16^MI04428

34358

y¹ sc^* v¹; P{TRiP.HMS01347}attP2

VDRC

v105993

P{KK102326}VIE-260B

v25651

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD10140}v25651

v25652

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD10140}v25652

Genomic Clones ( 2 )

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones ( 61 )

Please Note

This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

FI16528

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi & Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0039705

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

326115

Antibody Information

Other Information

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identity of

Source for identity of: Atg16 CG31033

(Pircs et al., 2012)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: CG15513 CG18040

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: CG15513 CG31033

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of: CG18040 CG15513 CG18683

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Additional comments

Annotations CG18040, CG15513 and CG18683 merged as CG31033 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Source for merge of CG15513 CG18040 was a shared cDNA (date:010720).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Source for merge of CG15513 CG31033 was a shared cDNA (date:030728).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

External Crossreferences & Linkouts

Sequence Crossreferences

RefSeq (Transcripts)

•

RefSeq (Proteins)

•

DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank

•

Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes.

•

326115

UniProtKB/TrEMBL

•

Other Crossreferences

InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites

•

WD40 repeat (IPR001680)

WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986)

WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943)

Autophagy-related protein 16 (IPR013923)

WD40 repeat, conserved site (IPR019775)

G-protein beta WD-40 repeat (IPR020472)

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

•

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions

•

77369

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

•

FBgn0039705

DRSC - Results from RNAi screens.

•

FBgn0039705

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

•

FBgn0039705

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

•

CG31033-RC

FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans

•

FBgn0039705

GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

•

326115

InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

•

326115

modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project.

•

FBgn0039705

SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.

•

B7Z0R8

Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 5 )

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

Atg16

(Érdi et al., 2012, Pircs et al., 2012)

CG15513

(Oliver, 2001.8.16, )

CG18040

CG18683

(Luschnig, 2003.12.17, )

CG31033

(Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Érdi et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5)

Name Synonym

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0039706
FBgn0040624
FBgn0051033

References ( 26 )

Generate a list of

All references relating to this gene ( 26 )

List References by type

Research paper ( 3 )
Supplementary material ( 5 )
Personal communication to FlyBase ( 10 )
FlyBase analysis ( 4 )
Stock list ( 1 )
Website ( 1 )
Curated genome annotation ( 2 )

Recent research papers ( 2 )

Pircs et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(8): e44214: Advantages and Limitations of Different p62-Based Assays for Estimating Autophagic Activity in Drosophila. [FBrf0219364]
Érdi et al., 2012, Autophagy 8(7): 1124--1135: Loss of the starvation-induced gene Rack1 leads to glycogen deficiency and impaired autophagic responses in Drosophila. [FBrf0219844]

Show all research papers ...