FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\conu
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\conu
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
conundrum
Annotation Symbol
CG17082
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0039994
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
conundrum (conu) encodes a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) that negatively regulates Rho1 activity at the cell cortex via interaction with the product of Moe. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-55
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:4744348..4758048
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (8 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from direct assay
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Moe; FB:FBgn0011661
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000384138
Biological Process (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
Cellular Component (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000384138
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
conundrum (conu) encodes a Rho GTPase activating protein (RhoGAP) that negatively regulates Rho1 activity at the cell cortex via interaction with the product of Moe. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RHO GTPASE ACTIVATING PROTEINS -
RhoGAPs are GTPase activating proteins for Rho family GTPases. (Adapted from PMID:15731001 and FBrf0158741).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
GTPase-activating protein (GAP) for Rho1; functions with the ERM protein Moe to regulate Rho1 and control proliferation in the developing epithelium. Recruited by Moe to the cell cortex where it negatively regulates Rho1 activity. Can also promote cell proliferation independently of its GAP activity, perhaps by acting with Arf6 to positively regulate Rac1.
(UniProt, Q8T0G4)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
5
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\conu for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8T0G4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Evidence supports alternative transcription start site within intronic TE (RNA-Seq junction data). May be specific to sequenced strain; not included in gene model.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0111287
2210
629
FBtr0111288
2276
629
FBtr0111285
2091
629
FBtr0302385
2098
629
FBtr0345008
2070
629
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0110498
71.7
629
7.34
FBpp0110554
71.7
629
7.34
FBpp0110582
71.7
629
7.34
FBpp0291580
71.7
629
7.34
FBpp0311259
71.7
629
7.34
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

629 aa isoforms: conu-PA, conu-PB, conu-PD, conu-PG, conu-PI
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Interacts with Moe (via FERM domain).

(UniProt, Q8T0G4)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\conu using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.90

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in apical cortex
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\conu in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 10 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of conu
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of conu
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 5 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 0 )
    Variants
    Variant Molecular Consequences
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Homo sapiens (Human) (56)
    11 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    10 of 14
    No
    Yes
    10 of 14
    No
    Yes
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    3  
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
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    No
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    No
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    0  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    2  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1  
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Species\Gene Symbol
    Score
    Best Score
    Best Reverse Score
    Alignment
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (45)
    11 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    9 of 14
    No
    Yes
    9 of 14
    No
    Yes
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (47)
    11 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    10 of 14
    No
    Yes
    8 of 14
    No
    Yes
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (39)
    8 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    8 of 13
    Yes
    Yes
    6 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    Yes
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (58)
    8 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    7 of 14
    No
    Yes
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    2 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
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    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    Yes
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    1 of 14
    No
    No
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (16)
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    Yes
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    1 of 14
    Yes
    No
    Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (19)
    12 of 12
    Yes
    Yes
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (8)
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (5)
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    2 of 13
    Yes
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    1 of 13
    No
    No
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (3)
    1 of 12
    Yes
    No
    1 of 12
    Yes
    No
    1 of 12
    Yes
    No
    Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
    Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
    Data provided directly from OrthoDB:conu. Refer to their site for version information.
    Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (17)
    3 of 13
    2 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    1 of 13
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers

      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Interacts with Moe (via FERM domain).
      (UniProt, Q8T0G4 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      2R
      Recombination map
      2-55
      Cytogenetic map
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      41C1-41C1
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (9)
      Genomic Clones (16)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (75)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Cell Line Information
      Publicly Available Cell Lines
       
        Other Stable Cell Lines
         
          Other Comments

          Transiently named CG40286 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: CG17082 BcDNA:LD04957

          Additional comments

          Source for merge of CG17082 BcDNA:LD04957 was a shared cDNA ( date:020730 ).

          Nomenclature History
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: conu CG17082

          Nomenclature comments
          Etymology

          Named 'conundrum' owing to its unexpected phenotypes.

          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (6)
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          Study result (0)
          Result
          Result Type
          Title
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 56 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
          EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
          FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
          FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
          iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
          References (35)