FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025
Gene: Dmel\RpL38
Open Close
General Information
Symbol
Dmel\RpL38
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ribosomal protein L38
Annotation Symbol
CG18001
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0040007
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
6 publicly available
Gene Summary
Ribosomal protein L38 (RpL38) encodes a component of the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes, which translate mRNAs encoded by the nuclear genome. RpL38 is haploinsufficient - heterozygous mutants display the 'Minute' phenotype, characterized by a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

l(2)41Af, M(2)41A, M(2)S2, l(2)EMS45-72, 41Af

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
41A2-41A2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-55
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:4515388..4516458
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (7 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables structural constituent of ribosome
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Alonso and Santaren, 2006)
inferred from direct assay
(Anger et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables structural constituent of ribosome
traceable author statement
(Marygold et al., 2007)
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002675
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000103359
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in cytoplasmic translation
traceable author statement
(Marygold et al., 2007)
inferred by curator from GO:0022626
(Anger et al., 2013, Alonso and Santaren, 2006)
involved_in protein-RNA complex assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000103359
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
involved_in translation
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002675
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosolic ribosome
inferred from direct assay
(Anger et al., 2013)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Alonso and Santaren, 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of cytosolic large ribosomal subunit
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000103359
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
traceable author statement
(Marygold et al., 2007)
located_in ribosome
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002675
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the eukaryotic ribosomal protein eL38 family. (Q9W5N2)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ribosomal protein L38 (RpL38) encodes a component of the large subunit of cytoplasmic ribosomes, which translate mRNAs encoded by the nuclear genome. RpL38 is haploinsufficient - heterozygous mutants display the 'Minute' phenotype, characterized by a slower developmental rate and small adult bristles. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
Gene Group (FlyBase)
CYTOPLASMIC LARGE RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT -
Cytoplasmic ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytosol. They translate all mRNAs produced from nuclear genes and perform the majority of cellular protein synthesis. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the large subunit is to bind tRNA during the synthesis of polypeptides. (Adapted from FBrf0205398.)
CYTOPLASMIC LARGE RIBOSOMAL SUBUNIT - TESTIS-SPECIFIC VARIANT -
Cytoplasmic ribosomes are found on the endoplasmic reticulum and in the cytosol. They translate all mRNAs produced from nuclear genes and perform the majority of cellular protein synthesis. Ribosomes are formed by two ribonucleoprotein subunits, large and small. The principle function of the large subunit is to bind tRNA during the synthesis of polypeptides. Tissue expression data from modENCODE has been used to infer the composition of the cytosolic large ribosomal subunit testis-specific variant. (Adapted from FBrf0205398.)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
M(2)41A
Medium Minute. Originally identified by virtue of Minute phenotype of Df(2R)M41A10; most recurrences shown to be deficiencies. Eclosion of heterozygous deficiency delayed 13 hr (Ferrus, 1975, Genetics 79: 589-99).
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\RpL38 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9W5N2)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
RpL38-RA
FBtr0111120
NM_001042975
401
70
RpL38-RB
FBtr0334985
NM_001273771
1013
70
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
RpL38-PA
FBpp0110412
8.2
70
11.04
Q9W5N2
NP_001036440
EAA46007
RpL38-PB
FBpp0306998
8.2
70
11.04
Q9W5N2
NP_001260700
AGB93235
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

70 aa isoforms: RpL38-PA, RpL38-PB
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\RpL38 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

0.67

Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytosolic ribosome
inferred from direct assay
(Anger et al., 2013)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Alonso and Santaren, 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\RpL38 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 7 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of RpL38
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of RpL38
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 89 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 89 )
Gene disrupted in
Df(2R)247
(Coulthard et al., 2010, Marygold et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004, Myster and Peifer, 2003.9.11)
Df(2R)M41A1
(Marygold et al., 2005)
Df(2R)M41A2
(Coulthard et al., 2010, Marygold et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)M41A4
(Marygold et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2005, Duffy et al., 1996, Eberl et al., 1993, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)
Df(2R)M41A8
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Marygold et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004, Rollins et al., 1999, Dimitri et al., 1997, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)
Df(2R)M41A10
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Marygold et al., 2007, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004, Rollins et al., 1999, Duffy et al., 1996, Eberl et al., 1993, Lyttle, 1989, Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976, Hilliker and Holm, 1975)
Df(2R)nap19
(Marygold et al., 2005)
Df(2R)NC13
(Myster et al., 2004, Myster and Peifer, 2003.9.11)
Df(2R)NC50
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC68
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC125
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC167
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC191
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC202
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC218
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC228
(Myster et al., 2004, Myster and Peifer, 2003.9.11)
Df(2R)Nipped-D263.3
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)Nipped-D341.1
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)Nipped-D
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)Nipped-E43
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)Nipped-E299.1
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)Nipped-E338
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)rl-1G
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-4J
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-5B
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-12E
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-13D
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-F
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
In(2R)bwVDe2LCyR
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Gene not disrupted in
Df(2L)C'
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2L)C
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2L)D'
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2L)D
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2L)F
(Hilliker and Holm, 1975)
Df(2L)TW65
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2L)TW161
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988)
Df(2R)34-2
(Coulthard et al., 2010)
Df(2R)244
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)B
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)cb25-4
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)cb25-22
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)cb25-24
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)cb25-29
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)cb25-31
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)cb25-42
(Lyttle, 1989)
Df(2R)Dark2
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)nap1
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)nap4
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)
Df(2R)nap8
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)
Df(2R)nap11
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18)
Df(2R)nap14
(Marygold et al., 2005)
Df(2R)NC32
(Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC73
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC98
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC168
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC195
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC207
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC219
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)NC1198
(Myster et al., 2004)
Df(2R)Nipped-AC25
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)Nipped-C160.1
(Rollins et al., 1999)
Df(2R)PR50
(Eberl et al., 1993)
Df(2R)PRB
(Eberl et al., 1993)
Df(2R)PRF
(Eberl et al., 1993)
Df(2R)rl-2J
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-6C
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-9B
(Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-10G
(Rollins et al., 1999, Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-14C
(Ganetzky, 1977, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-18C
(Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-B
(Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-D
(Cicchetti and Loverre, 1988, Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)rl-I
(Hilliker, 1976)
Df(2R)Rsp1
(Ganetzky, 1977)
Df(2R)Rsp11
(Ganetzky, 1977)
Df(2R)Rsp31
(Ganetzky, 1977)
T(2;3)Nipped-C138.2
(Rollins et al., 1999)
T(Y;2)J-D
Tp(2;Y)C
Gene duplicated in
Dp(2;2)BG
(Kreber, 1995)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-9
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-11
(Lyttle, 1989)
Gene not duplicated in
C(Y;4)cb25-1
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-4
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-22
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-24
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-29
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-31
(Lyttle, 1989)
Dp(2;Y)cb25-42
(Lyttle, 1989)
Inferred from location ( 1 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal (with Df(2R)247)
lethal (with Df(2R)M41A2)
lethal (with RpL382b1)
lethal (with RpL382b2)
lethal (with RpL3845-72)
lethal (with RpL38NC21)
lethal | embryonic stage (with RpL382b1)
lethal | embryonic stage (with RpL382b2)
lethal | larval stage (with RpL382b1)
lethal | larval stage (with RpL382b2)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with RpL382b1)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage (with RpL382b2)
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | paternal effect, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
lethal - all die during larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal (with RpL38KPL1)
partially lethal (with RpL38NC21)
partially lethal (with RpL38P3)
Sterility
Allele
male sterile, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal cell number | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
abnormal developmental rate, with Scer\GAL4amn-c651
abnormal developmental rate | dominant
decreased cell number | dominant
decreased size | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
increased cell size | dominant
increased occurrence of cell division | spermatogenesis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
Minute
Minute (with RpL382b1)
Minute (with RpL382b2)
Minute (with RpL3845-72)
Minute (with RpL38KPL1)
Minute (with RpL38NC21)
Minute (with RpL38P3)
Minute | dominant
some die during embryonic stage (with RpL382b1)
some die during embryonic stage (with RpL382b2)
some die during embryonic stage | recessive
visible (with RpL382b1)
visible (with RpL382b2)
visible (with RpL3845-72)
visible (with RpL38NC21)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
chaeta
chaeta (with RpL382b1)
chaeta (with RpL382b2)
chaeta (with RpL3845-72)
chaeta (with RpL38KPL1)
chaeta (with RpL38NC21)
chaeta (with RpL38P3)
elongation stage spermatid | absent, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
prothoracic gland, with Scer\GAL4amn-c651
spermatocyte | decreased number, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
spermatozoon | absent, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
testis, with Scer\GAL4VP16.bam
wing (with RpL382b1)
wing (with RpL382b2)
wing (with RpL38NC21)
wing hair (with RpL382b1)
wing hair (with RpL38NC21)
wing margin (with RpL3845-72)
wing margin (with RpL38NC21)
wing vein | ectopic (with RpL382b1)
wing vein | ectopic (with RpL382b2)
wing vein | ectopic (with RpL38NC21)
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Hsap\RPL38
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\LOC685963
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\LOC690468
12 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\LOC680353
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC680512
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\RGD1561636
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Rpl38
11 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC690597
5 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC686066
1 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\LOC102547504
1 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Mmus\Rpl38
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
Xtro\rpl38
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\rpl38
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\rpl-38
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\RL38_ANOGA
12 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
Atha\AT2G43460
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT3G59540
13 of 13
Yes
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\RPL38
12 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)
Spom\rpl3801
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Spom\rpl3802
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:RpL38. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    RPL38; ribosomal protein L38
    14 of 14
    604182
        Functional Complementation Data
        Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
        Interactions
        Summary of Physical Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
        RNA-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        RpL38 - 18SrRNA
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - 28SrRNA
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - 2SrRNA
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - 5.8SrRNA
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - 5SrRNA
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - egl
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, full identification by DNA sequencing
        (Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017)
        protein-protein
        Physical Interaction
        Assay
        References
        RpL38 - Gdi
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Rhee et al., 2014)
        RpL38 - Rack1
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL10
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL10Ab
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL11
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL12
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL13
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL13A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL14
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL15
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL17
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL18
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL18A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL19
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL21
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL22
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL23
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL23A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL24
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL26
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL27
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL27A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL28
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL29
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL3
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL30
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL31
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL32
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL34a
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL35
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL35A
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL36
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL36A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL37-1
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL37A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL39
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL4
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL40
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL41
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL5
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL6
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL7
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL7A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL8
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpL9
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpLP0
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpLP1
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpLP2
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS10a
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS11
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS12
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS13
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS14a
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS14b
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS15
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS15Aa
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS16
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS17
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS18
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS19a
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS2
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS20
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS21
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS23
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS24
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS25
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS26
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS27
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS27A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS28b
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS29
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS3
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS30
        cosedimentation, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS3A
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS4
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS5a
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS6
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS7
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS8
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - RpS9
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - Sry-β
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Rhee et al., 2014)
        RpL38 - achi
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Rhee et al., 2014)
        RpL38 - al
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Rhee et al., 2014)
        RpL38 - eEF2
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - sta
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        RpL38 - su(Hw)
        anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based
        (Rhee et al., 2014)
        RpL38 - vig2
        cosedimentation, Identification by mass spectrometry, electron microscopy
        (Anger et al., 2013)
        Summary of Genetic Interactions
        Interaction Browsers
        View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
        Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        RpL38
        suppressible
        bam
        (Fang et al., 2024)
        Starting gene(s)
        Interaction type
        Interacting gene(s)
        Reference
        aos
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Coelho et al., 2005)
        Chi
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        ct
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        CycE
        suppressible
        RpL38
        (Lin et al., 2011)
        mam
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        N
        suppressible
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        N
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        Pi3K92E
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Coelho et al., 2005)
        run
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Duffy et al., 1996)
        vg
        enhanceable
        RpL38
        (Rollins et al., 1999)
        External Data
        Linkouts
        BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
        DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
        MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
        Pathways
        Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
        Metabolic Pathways
        FlyBase
        External Links
        External Data
        Class of Gene
        Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
        Chromosome (arm)
        2R
        Recombination map
        2-55
        Cytogenetic map
        41A2-41A2
        Sequence location
        FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Evidence for location
        41A2-41A2
        Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
        Cytogenetic map
        Notes
        References
        41C1-41C6
        h46
        (Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004)
        h46-h46
        (determined by in situ hybridisation)
        (Dimitri, 1991)
        Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
        Location

        2-55

        (FlyBase, 2016)

        2-55.3

        (Comeron et al., 2012)

        2-

        (Coelho et al., 2005, Marygold et al., 2005, Rollins et al., 1998, Rollins et al., 1997)

        2-55.1

        Left of (cM)
        Right of (cM)
        Notes

        Maps close to the centromere of the second chromosome.

        (Marygold et al., 2005)
        Stocks and Reagents
        Stocks (6)
        Genomic Clones (11)
         

        Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

        cDNA Clones (178)
         

        Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

        cDNA clones, fully sequenced
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Cell Line Information
          Publicly Available Cell Lines
           
            Other Stable Cell Lines
             
              Other Comments

              Minute gene.

              (Marygold et al., 2007)

              Deletions removing RpL38 but no other cytoplasmic ribosomal protein-encoding genes show Minute phenotypes.

              (Marygold et al., 2007)

              Molecularly-defined mutations in RpL38 result in Minute phenotypes.

              (Marygold et al., 2007)

              Identification: as a complementation group whose members dominantly modify the small wing phenotype caused by expression of Pi3K92ED954A.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC under the control of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096. 2 alleles of RpL38 have been recovered.

              (Coelho et al., 2005)

              RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

              (Boutros et al., 2004)

              Transiently named CG40278 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

              (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

              'Nipped' mutations identify four essential complementation groups, l(2)41Ae, RpL38, Nipped-A and Nipped-B, that play distinct roles in regulating ct and N signalling.

              (Rollins et al., 1999)

              RpL38 has functions in wing development both acting through regulation of ct and acting independently of ct. RpL38 influences N receptro signalling or N expression during development of the wing margin, wing veins, eye and thoracic bristles.

              (Rollins et al., 1999)

              The Nipped-group genes regulate ct and Ubx.

              (Rollins et al., 1997)

              Stated to fall into the same Group IV complementation group as l(2)41Ae.

              (Duffy et al., 1996)

              Located close to the heterochromatic-euchromatic junction of 2R.

              (Hilliker, 1976)

              One of a class of genes (see MIN record) that when present in one, rather than two, copies, produce a characteristic phenotype consisting of short slender bristles and delayed development. Medium Minute. Originally identified by virtue of Minute phenotype of Df(2R)M41A10; most recurrences shown to be deficiencies. Eclosion of heterozygous deficiency delayed 13 hr (Ferrus, 1975).

              Relationship to Other Genes
              Source for database merge of

              Source for merge of: RpL38 l(2)41Af M(2)41A

              (Dimitri et al., 2005)

              Source for merge of: CG18001 BcDNA:RE42506

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Additional comments

              'Nipped' mutations disrupt one or more of four recessive lethal complementation groups: l(2)41Ae, RpL38, Nipped-A and Nipped-B.

              (Rollins et al., 1999)

              Source for merge of CG18001 BcDNA:RE42506 was TrEMBL update ( date:020807 ).

              (FlyBase, 1996-)
              Nomenclature History
              Source for database identify of
              Nomenclature comments
              Etymology
              Synonyms and Secondary IDs (26)
              Reported As
              Symbol Synonym
              41Af
              (Dimitri et al., 2005, Cenci et al., 2003, Dimitri et al., 2003)
              41Ag
              (Dimitri et al., 2005)
              BcDNA:RE42506
              CG18001
              (National Institute of Genetics Fly Stocks, 2022-, Kolkhof et al., 2017, Caizzi et al., 2016, Meadows, 2014.12.12, Schertel et al., 2013, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Marygold et al., 2007, Coelho et al., 2005, Dimitri et al., 2005, Boutros et al., 2004)
              CG40278
              (Myster et al., 2004, Corradini et al., 2003, Giot et al., 2003)
              E-2b
              (Coelho et al., 2005, Marygold et al., 2005)
              GroupIV
              (Ganetzky, 1977)
              L38e
              (Anger et al., 2013)
              M(2)41A
              (Marygold et al., 2007, Dimitri et al., 2005, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004, Presgraves, 2003, Duffy et al., 1996)
              M(2)S2
              (Rasmuson-Lestander et al., 1993, Kongsuwan et al., 1985, Lindsley et al., 1972, Seattle-La Jolla Drosophila Laboratories, 1971)
              M(2)S3
              Rp L38
              (Alonso and Santaren, 2006)
              RpL38
              (Chen et al., 2025, Pandey et al., 2025, Sood et al., 2024, Bosch et al., 2023, Loganathan et al., 2022, Baumgartner et al., 2021, Funikov et al., 2020, Jin et al., 2020, Polymenis, 2020, Vazquez-Pianzola et al., 2017, Majzoub et al., 2014, Handler et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Cook et al., 2012, Winbush et al., 2012, Abruzzi et al., 2011, Friedman et al., 2011, Ladoukakis et al., 2011, Lin et al., 2011, Coulthard et al., 2010, Kallappagoudar et al., 2010, Gambetta and Müller, 2009.8.18, Marygold et al., 2007, Rossi et al., 2007)
              Rpl38
              (Saha and Mishra, 2019)
              l(2)41Af
              (Corradini et al., 2005, Marygold et al., 2005, Myster et al., 2004, Corradini et al., 2003, Dimitri et al., 2003, Myster and Peifer, 2003.9.11, Rollins et al., 1999, Duffy et al., 1996, Dimitri, 1991)
              l(2)41Ag
              l(2)41Ai
              l(2)EMS4-72
              l(2)EMS45-72
              (Eberl et al., 1993, Lyttle, 1989, Hilliker, 1976)
              l(2R)A'
              (Hilliker and Holm, 1975)
              Name Synonyms
              Enhancer on chromosome 2, complementation group b
              (Marygold et al., 2005)
              Minute(2)41A
              Nipped
              (Rollins et al., 1997)
              Ribosomal protein 38
              (Rossi et al., 2007)
              Ribosomal protein L38
              (Branco et al., 2017, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ashburner and Marygold, 2004.7.2)
              lethal(2)41Af
              Secondary FlyBase IDs
              • FBan0018001
              • FBgn0002066
              • FBgn0002601
              • FBgn0013538
              • FBgn0020393
              • FBgn0058278
              • FBgn0061397
              Datasets (0)
              Study focus (0)
              Experimental Role
              Project
              Project Type
              Title
              Study result (0)
              Result
              Result Type
              Title
              External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 44 )
              Sequence Crossreferences
              NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
              GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
              GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
              RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
              UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
              UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
              Other crossreferences
              AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
              DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
              EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
              FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
              FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
              InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
              KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
              MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
              PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures
              Linkouts
              BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
              Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
              DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
              DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
              Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
              FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
              FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
              Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
              Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
              FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.
              iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
              KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
              MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
              Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
              References (99)