FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\MED21

MEDIATOR COMPLEX -: The Mediator (MED) complex serves as a hub for transcriptional signaling events. MED bridges transcriptional activators and repressors. This large multi-protein complex has a central core conserved from yeast to humans. The core is composed of three modules: head, middle, and tail. A separate module, the Cdk8 kinase module, composed of Cdk8, CycC, kto and skd, serves as a regulator. (Adapted from FBrf0226415 and FBrf0191850).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated transcription of the MtnA, MtnB and MtnD genes.

(UniProt, Q9W5P1)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\MED21 or the JBrowse view of Dmel\MED21 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

MED21-RA

FBtr0113740

NM_001015223

859

142

MED21-RB

FBtr0113739

NM_001015224

863

142

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

MED21-PA

FBpp0112463

16.1

142

4.20

NP_001015223

EAL24605

MED21-PB

FBpp0112462

16.1

142

4.20

NP_001015224

EAL24606

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

142 aa isoforms: MED21-PA, MED21-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least MED4, MED6, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED23, MED24, MED27, MED30 and MED31. Also interacts with MED7 and MED10.

(UniProt, Q9W5P1)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9W5P1

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\MED21 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Gene Ontology (7 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MSX2

(assigned by UniProt )

(Gu et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7KN79

(assigned by UniProt )

(Guglielmi et al., 2004)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9GYV9

(assigned by UniProt )

(Guglielmi et al., 2004)

contributes_to transcription coactivator activity

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

transcription coregulator activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

transcription coactivator activity

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q13503

(Boube et al., 2000)

transcription coregulator activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

positive regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q13503

(Boube et al., 2000)

regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

mediator complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:Q13503

(Boube et al., 2000)

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

• nucleus

(Gim et al., 2001)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\MED21 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\MED21

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\MED21

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040020

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG40364-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17397

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040020

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 4 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of MED21

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of MED21

Deletions and Duplications ( 0 )

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

MED21^GD4259

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

Other Phenotypes

Allele

meiotic cell cycle defective, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

MED21^GD4259

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

spermatocyte, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

MED21^GD4259

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\MED21

11 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Med21

12 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\Med21

12 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\med21

9 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)

Drer\med21

13 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\mdt-21

10 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)

Atha\AT4G04775

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G15690

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\MED21

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\SRB7

6 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\srb7

4 of 12

Yes

Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190IAG )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila melanogaster

fruit fly

Dmel\MED21

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00012773

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00012914

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA27478

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL12347

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK14351

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ23591

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI23617

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH22363

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150DFY )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17006776

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY007150

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_04445

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes003856

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\MED21

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC009757

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ013518

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0GA9 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA013264

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS212744-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL008310

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2560712820

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\MED21

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP21870

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15211533

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH17923

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:00055e

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG003349

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\GLEAN_14894

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM607820

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC005188

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC007500

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_03917

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0GAX )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR008841

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW019442

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur04g02960

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_300243

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G11IM )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Med21

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000020811

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\ENSGALG00000027435

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

No records found.

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

MED21; mediator complex subunit 21

11 of 15

603800

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

MED21 - CG15728

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

MED21 - Dif

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - Hsf

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - MED4

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

MED21 - N

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - arm

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - dl

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - pnr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least MED4, MED6, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED23, MED24, MED27, MED30 and MED31. Also interacts with MED7 and MED10.

(UniProt, Q9W5P1 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

78102

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040020

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

3354977

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MED21

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:25,114,924..25,115,946 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Heterochromatic, cytological location not yet determined.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-44.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (3)

Bloomington

34731

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01211}attP2

VDRC

v109982

P{KK115203}VIE-260B

v13667

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4259}v13667

Genomic Clones (4)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (78)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequences

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RE10855

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0040020

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040020

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

3354977

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Trap19 CG17397

(Boube et al., 2000)

Source for identity of: MED21 Trap19

(Bourbon et al., 2004)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Trap19 CG40364

(Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004)

Additional comments

Other Comments

Annotation CG17397 renamed CG40364 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 28 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

3354977

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

AE002989

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W5P1

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040020

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0040020

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17397

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040020

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

3354977

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG17397

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0040020

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

78102

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040020

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040020

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG40364-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0040020

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0040020

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

3354977

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MED21

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG17397

(Syrzycka et al., 2019, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Koya and Meller, 2015, Lu and Fuller, 2015, Meadows, 2014.12.12, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2007)

CG40364

MED21

(Gao et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Zhang et al., 2016, Koya and Meller, 2015, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20, Pek and Kai, 2011, Gan et al., 2010)

Med21

(Lu and Fuller, 2015, Kim and Lis, 2005, Foley and O'Farrell, 2004, Kim et al., 2004)

Trap19

(Bourbon et al., 2004, Guglielmi et al., 2004)

dSRB7

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001)

dTRAP19

(Boube et al., 2000)

med21

(Syrzycka et al., 2019)

p18

(Park et al., 2001)

Name Synonyms

Mediator

(Park et al., 2001)

Mediator complex subunit 21

(Bourbon et al., 2004)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0058364
FBan0017397

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (39)

Report Sections

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