FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\MED21

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\MED21

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

Mediator complex subunit 21

Annotation Symbol

CG17397

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0040020

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

3 publicly available

Gene Summary

Component of the Mediator complex, a coactivator involved in the regulated transcription of nearly all RNA polymerase II-dependent genes. Mediator functions as a bridge to convey information from gene-specific regulatory proteins to the basal RNA polymerase II transcription machinery. Mediator is recruited to promoters by direct interactions with regulatory proteins and serves as a scaffold for the assembly of a functional preinitiation complex with RNA polymerase II and the general transcription factors. Required for activated transcription of the MtnA, MtnB and MtnD genes. (UniProt, Q9W5P1)

Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.

All Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Trap19, dSRB7

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:25,114,924..25,115,946 [-]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:25114924..25115946

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

NCBI

UCSC

Ensembl

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (6 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q8MSX2

(assigned by UniProt )

(Gu et al., 2002)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q7KN79

(assigned by UniProt )

(Guglielmi et al., 2004)

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9GYV9

(assigned by UniProt )

(Guglielmi et al., 2004)

contributes_to transcription coactivator activity

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

enables transcription coregulator activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables transcription coregulator activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (1 term)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (2 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of mediator complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000332844

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MEDIATOR COMPLEX

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

MEDIATOR COMPLEX -: The Mediator (MED) complex serves as a hub for transcriptional signaling events. MED bridges transcriptional activators and repressors. This large multi-protein complex has a central core conserved from yeast to humans. The core is composed of three modules: head, middle, and tail. A separate module, the Cdk8 kinase module, composed of Cdk8, CycC, kto and skd, serves as a regulator. (Adapted from FBrf0226415 and FBrf0191850).

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

(UniProt, Q9W5P1)

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\MED21 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure New Section

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry Q9W5P1)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

MED21-RA

FBtr0113740

NM_001015223

859

142

MED21-RB

FBtr0113739

NM_001015224

863

142

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

MED21-PA

FBpp0112463

16.1

142

4.20

NP_001015223

EAL24605

MED21-PB

FBpp0112462

16.1

142

4.20

NP_001015224

EAL24606

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

142 aa isoforms: MED21-PA, MED21-PB

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least MED4, MED6, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED23, MED24, MED27, MED30 and MED31. Also interacts with MED7 and MED10.

(UniProt, Q9W5P1)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Q9W5P1

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\MED21 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

embryonic brain

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

larval ventral nerve cord

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage

organism

• nucleus

(Gim et al., 2001)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

part_of mediator complex

inferred from direct assay

(Gu et al., 2002)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\MED21 in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\MED21

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\MED21

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040020

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

3354977/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0040020

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17397

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040020

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 0 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of MED21

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of MED21

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

MED21^GD4259

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal meiotic cell cycle, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

MED21^GD4259

visible, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

MED21^GD4259

spermatocyte, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

MED21^GD4259

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\MED21

13 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Med21

12 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)

Rnor\Med21

12 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\med21

11 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)

Drer\med21

13 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)

Cele\mdt-21

11 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)

Atha\AT4G04775

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G15690

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\MED21

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\SRB7

8 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\srb7

4 of 12

Yes

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)

No records found.

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

MED21^HMS01211

ameliorates amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 10

modeled by Hsap\TARDBP^{M.UAS.Tag:FLAG}

(Azpurua et al., 2021)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

MED21; mediator complex subunit 21

13 of 15

603800

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

MED21 - CG15728

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

MED21 - Dif

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - Hsf

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - MED4

two hybrid

(Hu et al., 2017.6.13)

MED21 - N

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - arm

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - dl

pull down, western blot

(Park et al., 2003)

MED21 - pnr

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, experimental knowledge based

(Rhee et al., 2014)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the Mediator complex, which includes at least MED4, MED6, MED14, MED17, MED18, MED20, MED21, MED23, MED24, MED27, MED30 and MED31. Also interacts with MED7 and MED10.

(UniProt, Q9W5P1 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

78102

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040020

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MED21

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:25,114,924..25,115,946 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Heterochromatic, cytological location not yet determined.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-44.1

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (3)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

Bloomington

34731

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TRiP.HMS01211}attP2

VDRC

v109982

P{KK115203}VIE-260B

v13667

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD4259}v13667

Genomic Clones (4)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (78)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RE10855

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0040020

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040020

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

3354977

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: Trap19 CG17397

(Boube et al., 2000)

Source for identity of: MED21 Trap19

(Bourbon et al., 2004)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: Trap19 CG40364

(Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2004)

Additional comments

Other Comments

Annotation CG17397 renamed CG40364 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 32 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

3354977

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

AE002989

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

Q9W5P1

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Q9W5P1

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

Q9W5P1

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040020

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0040020

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

3354977/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

FBgn0040020

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0040020

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG17397

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040020

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

3354977

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG17397

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

3354977

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0040020

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

78102

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040020

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040020

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0040020

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0040020

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

MED21

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (11)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG17397

(Syrzycka et al., 2019, Zhang et al., 2016, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Koya and Meller, 2015, Lu and Fuller, 2015, Meadows, 2014.12.12, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Drosophila Heterochromatin Genome Project, 2007)

CG40364

MED21

(Azpurua et al., 2021, Zykova et al., 2021, Gao et al., 2019, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Zhang et al., 2016, Dahlberg et al., 2015, Koya and Meller, 2015, Bischof and FlyORF project members, 2014.6.20, Pek and Kai, 2011, Gan et al., 2010)

Med21

(Li et al., 2020, Lu and Fuller, 2015, Kim and Lis, 2005, Foley and O'Farrell, 2004, Kim et al., 2004)

Trap19

(Bourbon et al., 2004, Guglielmi et al., 2004)

dSRB7

(Park et al., 2003, Gu et al., 2002, Gim et al., 2001)

dTRAP19

(Boube et al., 2000)

med21

(Syrzycka et al., 2019)

p18

(Park et al., 2001)