FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\G9a

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\G9a

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

G9a

Annotation Symbol

CG2995

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0040372

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

23 publicly available

Enzyme Name (EC)

[Histone H3]-lysine(4) N-trimethyltransferase (2.1.1.354)

Gene Summary

G9a (G9a) encodes a histone-lysine methyltransferase involved in epigenetic regulation. It contributes to multiple processes including gene expression, dendrite morphogenesis, larval locomotory behavior as well as short and long-term memory. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

dG9a, EG:BACR37P7.2 , EHMT

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

X:245,978..254,650 [+]

Recombination map

1-0

RefSeq locus

NC_004354 REGION:245978..254650

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (18 terms)

Molecular Function (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (1 term)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables histone-lysine N-methyltransferase activity

inferred from direct assay

(Stabell et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables p53 binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR043550

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

enables zinc ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003606, InterPro:IPR007728

(assigned by InterPro )

(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)

Biological Process (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (12 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in ecdysone receptor-mediated signaling pathway

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:EcR; FB:FBgn0000546

(Stabell et al., 2006)

involved_in habituation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in histone H3-K9 methylation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in instar larval or pupal development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stabell et al., 2006)

involved_in larval locomotory behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in long-term memory

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of dendrite morphogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of histone H3-K9 dimethylation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Merkling et al., 2015)

involved_in regulation of defense response to virus

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Merkling et al., 2015)

involved_in regulation of gene expression

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in short-term memory

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Kramer et al., 2011)

involved_in wing disc development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Stabell et al., 2006)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Cellular Component (3 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with euchromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Stabell et al., 2006)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Kramer et al., 2011, Stabell et al., 2006)

located_in polytene chromosome interband

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

SET DOMAIN LYSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

-

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Catalytic Activity (EC)

Experimental Evidence

3 S-adenosyl-L-methionine + a [histone H3]-L-lysine(4) = 3 S-adenosyl-L- homocysteine + a [histone H3]-N(6),N(6),N(6)-trimethyl-L-lysine(4) (2.1.1.354)

Predictions / Assertions

-

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

G9a (G9a) encodes a histone-lysine methyltransferase involved in epigenetic regulation. It contributes to multiple processes including gene expression, dendrite morphogenesis, larval locomotory behavior as well as short and long-term memory. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

SET DOMAIN LYSINE METHYLTRANSFERASES -: SET domain lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) catalyze the addition of methyl groups to lysine residues. SET domain KMTs possess a domain that was original characterized in the D.mel KMTs Su(var)3-9, E(z) and trx. (Adapted from FBrf0216343).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

histone H3 Lys 9-specific histone methyltransferase - regulator of peripheral dendrite development - larval locomotor behavior - non-associative learning and courtship memory - regulator the expression of insulin-like peptide genes - regulation of starvation-induced autophagy

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

2

Number of Unique Polypeptides

2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\G9a for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0070063

6538

1637

FBtr0332992

7235

1657

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0070062

181.2

1637

6.25

FBpp0305207

183.5

1657

6.34

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\G9a using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

G9a_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 13 -- 16

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S10

• cytoplasm

(Lee et al., 2010)

RT-PCR

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage | male

Comment: low

(Lee et al., 2010)

adult stage | female

Comment: high

(Lee et al., 2010)

Comment: high

(Lee et al., 2010)

Comment: low

(Lee et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

third instar larval stage

larval ventral nerve cord

(Kramer et al., 2011)

multidendritic neuron

(Kramer et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval muscle system

(Kramer et al., 2011)

embryonic/larval epidermis

(Kramer et al., 2011)

Comment: !

(Kramer et al., 2011)

spermatogenesis & adult stage | male

(Ushijima et al., 2012)

(Ushijima et al., 2012)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male

(Wasbrough et al., 2010)

Additional Descriptive Data

G9a protein is localized in the cytoplasm of spermatocytes in both the growth stage and the onion stage of spermiogenesis. In the elongation stage, G9a signals were mainly found in the cystic bulge. G9a signal was detected in nuclei early in the canoe stage, but disappeared by the end of the canoe stage.

(Ushijima et al., 2012)

G9a is widely expressed in the nervous system. It is widely abundant in the adult brain but is excluded from neuropilar regions such as the mushroom body calyx. In larval ventral nerve cord, it is expressed in neurons and more weakly in glial cells. It is also detected in multiple dendrite sensory neurons of the PNS in larvae. It is also detected at a low level in non-neuronal tissues including muscle and epidermis.

(Kramer et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

colocalizes_with euchromatin

inferred from direct assay

(Stabell et al., 2006)

located_in nucleus

inferred from direct assay

(Kramer et al., 2011, Stabell et al., 2006)

located_in polytene chromosome interband

inferred from direct assay

(Wang et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\G9a in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\G9a

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\G9a

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040372

DRscDB

30971/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0040372

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG2995-RA

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2995

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040372

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 43 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 13 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of G9a

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of G9a

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 1 )

Gene partially disrupted in

(Seum et al., 2007)

Inferred from location ( 0 )

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

G9a^UAS.cKa

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

G9a^UAS.cKa

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

G9a^UAS.cKa

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

lethal - all die before end of P-stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

viable, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

G9a^GD9876

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PU

G9a^dsRNA.hp.UAS

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

G9a^GD9876

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

G9a^GD9876

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

G9a^GD9876

Sterility

Allele

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal developmental rate | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

abnormal developmental rate | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

abnormal immune response

abnormal immune response | adult stage | conditional

G9a^DD2

abnormal learning | adult stage

abnormal learning | adult stage (with G9a^DD1)

G9a^DD2

abnormal learning | adult stage (with G9a^DD2)

G9a^DD1

abnormal locomotor behavior | early third instar larval stage

abnormal memory | adult stage

abnormal memory | adult stage, with G9a^rv+

G9a^UAS.cKa

abnormal memory | adult stage, with G9a^UAS.cKa

G9a^rv+

abnormal neuroanatomy

G9a^DD2

abnormal neuroanatomy | third instar larval stage

G9a^DD1

abnormal size | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

G9a^HMS00127

increased mortality | adult stage | conditional

G9a^DD2

G9a^DD2

melanotic mass phenotype | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

melanotic mass phenotype | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

melanotic mass phenotype | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}8-M76

G9a^RG5

non-suppressor of variegation, with P{hsp26-pt-T}39C-66

G9a^RG5

short lived | conditional

some die during pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

some die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PK

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

G9a^HMS00127

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

G9a^HMS00127

multidendritic dendrite | third instar larval stage

puparial operculum, with Scer\GAL4^Act5C.PI

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

ventral multidendritic neuron

wing, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^Bx-MS1096

G9a^UAS.cKa

wing vein, with Scer\GAL4^nub.PK

G9a^dsRNA.UAS

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (21)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

11 of 15

Yes

Yes

11 of 15

Yes

Yes

4 of 15

No

No

3 of 15

No

No

4

2 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

3

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1

1 of 15

No

No

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (22)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

12 of 15

Yes

Yes

10 of 15

No

Yes

4 of 15

No

No

3 of 15

No

No

3 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (18)

10 of 13

Yes

Yes

5 of 13

No

Yes

3 of 13

No

No

3 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

Yes

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (17)

7 of 12

Yes

Yes

6 of 12

No

Yes

4 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

1 of 12

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (25)

9 of 15

Yes

Yes

9 of 15

Yes

Yes

7 of 15

No

Yes

3 of 15

No

No

3 of 15

No

No

3 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Drer\LOC101883274

1 of 15

No

Yes

Drer\LOC103910708

1 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

No

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (13)

8 of 15

Yes

Yes

3 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

No

2 of 15

No

Yes

2 of 15

No

Yes

1 of 15

No

No

1 of 15

No

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)

2 of 9

Yes

Yes

1 of 9

No

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

No records found.

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

1 of 12

Yes

No

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919020D )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Dsuz\DS10_00005332

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Drosophila persimilis

Drosophila willistoni

Drosophila virilis

Drosophila mojavensis

Drosophila grimshawi

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091500PP )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY006982

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_04166

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes011749

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL007303

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC009901

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP003013

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W00DG )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Bombyx mori

Silkmoth

Bmor\BGIBMGA007949

Danaus plexippus

Monarch butterfly

Dple\DPOGS208774-PA

Heliconius melpomene

Postman butterfly

Hmel\HMEL015424

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\3693099220

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:00039f

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG003622

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM447810

Rhodnius prolixus

Kissing bug

Rpro\RPRC003115

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC007325

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI010108

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_05631

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X00CP )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR012180

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR005069

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW019618

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM73887.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM59010.1

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM73886.1

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_96728

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G00U6 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Ehmt1-2

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\ENSCING00000016063

Ciona intestinalis

Vase tunicate

Cint\LOC100180401

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (10)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

3 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

model of Kleefstra syndrome 1

CEA

(Kramer et al., 2011)

CEA with G9a^DD2

(Kramer et al., 2011)

model of viral infectious disease

CEA

(Merkling et al., 2015)

model of Kleefstra syndrome 1

CEA

(Kramer et al., 2011)

CEA with G9a^DD1

(Kramer et al., 2011)

model of viral infectious disease

CEA

(Merkling et al., 2015)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 1 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

EHMT1; euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1

model of Kleefstra syndrome 1

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

EHMT1; euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 1

11 of 15

KLEEFSTRA SYNDROME 1; KLEFS1

Kleefstra syndrome 1

EHMT2; euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferase 2

11 of 15

SUV39H2; suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 2

4 of 15

SUV39H1; suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1

3 of 15

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

molecular sieving, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Mačinković et al., 2019)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Wang et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mačinković et al., 2019)

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2019)

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2019)

enzymatic study, autoradiography

(Mis et al., 2006)

tandem affinity purification, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Kang et al., 2015)

G9a - Su(var)205

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Lee et al., 2019)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Kleefstra et al., 2012, Stabell et al., 2006)

suppressible

(Kleefstra et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Kleefstra et al., 2012)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Brower-Toland et al., 2009)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57545

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040372

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

30971

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

G9a

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

G9a

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Lysine degradation

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

X

Recombination map

1-0

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

X:245,978..254,650 [+]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

1A1-1A1

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG17896^EP1320&P{EP}EP1398 and P{EP}svr^EP356&P{EP}arg^EP452

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

1-0

(FlyBase, 2016)

1-0.0

(Comeron et al., 2012)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (23)

24107

w¹¹¹⁸; P{UAS-G9a.IR}18

13414

y¹ P{SUPor-P}G9a^KG01242

29933

Mi{ET1}G9a^MB11975 w¹¹¹⁸

125410

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-1814 w¹¹¹⁸

125433

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-1855 w¹¹¹⁸

125544

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-2131 w¹¹¹⁸

125572

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-2249 w¹¹¹⁸

125639

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-2731 w¹¹¹⁸

125641

P{RS5}G9a^5-HA-2734 w¹¹¹⁸

v110662

P{KK100579}VIE-260B

v25473

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9876}v25473

v25474

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9876}v25474

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (6)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (40)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

LD10743

Other clones

DPiM_LD10743

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0040372

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

GM19374

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040372

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

30971

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Wang et al., 2008)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: G9a CG2995

(Stabell et al., 2006)

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: EG:BACR37P7.2 CG2995

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

FlyBase curator comment: Correspondence with author Tsai revealed that 'G9a' = 'CG2995'.

(Tsai and Wang, 2007)

Source for merge of EG:BACR37P7.2 CG2995 was sequence comparison ( date:000425 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

As a gene coding for a protein with a "SET" domain following a bioinformatics search. A BLASTP search against the mouse and human databases revealed the gene to be homologous to the mammalian G9a gene.

(Stabell et al., 2006)

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

30971

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0040372

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0040372

DRscDB

30971/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas

FBgn0040372

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

G9a_1

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

CG2995

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0040372

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

30971

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC011127

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG2995

MARRVEL_MODEL

30971

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0040372

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

57545

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0040372

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0040372

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG2995-RA

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0040372

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0040372

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

30971

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Lysine degradation

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

G9a

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

G9a

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (9)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

CG2995

(Lim et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Sousa-Neves and Rosas, 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Seum et al., 2007, Ko et al., 2006, Mis et al., 2006, Stabell et al., 2006)

EG:BACR37P7.2

(Giot et al., 2003, Benos et al., 2001, Benos, 1999.12.13)

EHMT

(Lo and Chen, 2019, Kleefstra et al., 2012, Kramer et al., 2011)

G9a

(Schneider and Imler, 2021, Gulati et al., 2020, Luo et al., 2020, Coll-Tané et al., 2019, Fenckova et al., 2019, Riahi et al., 2019, Sang Cho et al., 2019, Seller et al., 2019, Ueoka et al., 2019, Anreiter and Sokolowski, 2018, Ma et al., 2018, Song et al., 2018, Anreiter et al., 2017, Koemans et al., 2017, Mussabekova et al., 2017, Teixeira et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Kramer, 2016, Schwartz et al., 2016, Dietz et al., 2015, Kang et al., 2015, Merkling et al., 2015, model organism Encyclopedia of Regulatory Network (modERN) Project, 2015-, Yu et al., 2015, Wang et al., 2014, Zhang et al., 2014, Sentmanat et al., 2013, Figueiredo et al., 2012, Meier et al., 2012, Riddle et al., 2012, Williams et al., 2012, Koryakov et al., 2011, Stenberg and Larsson, 2011, Lee et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Huang et al., 2008, Tsai and Wang, 2007)

G9ae

(Parker et al., 2020)

cab65850 G9a Dm

(Alvarez-Venegas and Avramova, 2002)

dG9a

(Lee et al., 2019, Shimaji et al., 2019, Masuko et al., 2018, Shimaji et al., 2016, Shimaji et al., 2015, Kato et al., 2011, Lee et al., 2010, Brower-Toland et al., 2009, Wang et al., 2008, Yoon et al., 2008, Seum et al., 2007, Mis et al., 2006, Stabell et al., 2006)

Name Synonyms

CG2995

G9a

(Wang et al., 2008)

dG9a

(Lim et al., 2011)

euchromatin histone methyltransferase

(Kramer et al., 2011)

histone methyltransferase

(Tsai and Wang, 2007)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0029516

Datasets (2)

Study focus (2)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

allele_used

modENCODE_chromatin_proteins_flies

genome binding

Genome-wide localization of chromosomal proteins in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.

allele_used

modENCODE_chromatin_histones_flies

genome binding

Genome-wide localization of histones and their modifications in fly tissues by ChIP-chip and ChIP-Seq.

References (109)

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