FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\park

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\park

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

parkin

Annotation Symbol

CG10523

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0041100

Gene Model Status

Current

Stock Availability

17 publicly available

Gene Snapshot

parkin (park) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a key role in protein ubiquitination. It is involved in mitochondrion organization, oxidative stress and locomotion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]

Other Summaries

Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

dParkin, D-parkin, dpk

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

78C2-78C2

Sequence location

3L:21,194,754..21,196,853 [-]

Recombination map

3-47

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:21194754..21196853

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

JBrowse GBrowse

Help me choose

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

GO Summary Ribbons

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (38 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables protein binding

inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:Q9VR05

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

enables ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding

inferred from physical interaction with HGNC:12490

(Bae et al., 2007)

enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Cha et al., 2005)

inferred from direct assay

(Bae et al., 2007)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

enables ubiquitin-protein transferase activity

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by CACAO )

(Bae et al., 2007)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

enables ubiquitin protein ligase activity

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Biological Process (28 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (25 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in adult locomotory behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Cornelissen et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2007)

involved_in autophagy of mitochondrion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Bhandari et al., 2014, Ziviani et al., 2010)

involved_in larval locomotory behavior

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Brooks et al., 2016)

involved_in mitochondrial fission

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Drp1; FB:FBgn0026479

(Poole et al., 2008)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Marf; FB:FBgn0029870

(Poole et al., 2008)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Opa1; FB:FBgn0261276

(Poole et al., 2008)

involved_in mitochondrion organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tsai et al., 2018, Cornelissen et al., 2014, Deng et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Greene et al., 2003)

involved_in negative regulation of JNK cascade

inferred from direct assay

(Cha et al., 2005)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bsk; FB:FBgn0000229

(Hwang et al., 2010)

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hep; FB:FBgn0010303

(Hwang et al., 2010)

involved_in negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ziviani et al., 2010)

involved_in neuron cellular homeostasis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Wang et al., 2007)

involved_in oogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ottone et al., 2011, Saini et al., 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of autophagy of mitochondrion

inferred from genetic interaction with UniProtKB:Q0KHV6

(assigned by UniProt )

(Zhuang et al., 2016)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Vincow et al., 2013)

involved_in positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by BHF-UCL )

(Venderova et al., 2009)

involved_in positive regulation of locomotor rhythm

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Julienne et al., 2017)

involved_in positive regulation of mitochondrial fission

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ziviani et al., 2010)

involved_in positive regulation of neuronal action potential

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Julienne et al., 2017)

involved_in protein autoubiquitination

inferred from direct assay

(Bae et al., 2007)

involved_in protein monoubiquitination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ham et al., 2020)

inferred from direct assay

(Tan et al., 2018)

involved_in protein polyubiquitination

inferred from direct assay

(Bae et al., 2007)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Ham et al., 2020)

involved_in protein ubiquitination

inferred from direct assay

(Bae et al., 2007)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(assigned by UniProt )

(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Yun et al., 2014)

involved_in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

inferred from direct assay

(Saini et al., 2010)

involved_in regulation of mitochondrion organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Lutz et al., 2009)

involved_in response to oxidative stress

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Saini et al., 2011, Whitworth et al., 2005)

involved_in sperm mitochondrion organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Deng et al., 2008)

involved_in spermatogenesis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Saini et al., 2011, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)

involved_in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Ziviani et al., 2010)

involved_in zinc ion homeostasis

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Saini and Schaffner, 2010)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in autophagy of mitochondrion

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in negative regulation of protein phosphorylation

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in protein polyubiquitination

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in regulation of apoptotic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in regulation of mitochondrion organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

involved_in ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Cellular Component (6 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Ottone et al., 2011, Ziviani et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Cha et al., 2005)

colocalizes_with mitochondrion

inferred from direct assay

(Ziviani et al., 2010)

located_in mitochondrion

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Zhuang et al., 2016)

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 2008)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in cytosol

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002269238

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in endoplasmic reticulum

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002269238

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN002269238

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

part_of ubiquitin ligase complex

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395

(assigned by GO_Central )

(Gaudet et al., 2011)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

RING-BETWEEN-RING UBIQUITIN LIGASES

Protein Family (UniProt)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Group (FlyBase)

RING-BETWEEN-RING UBIQUITIN LIGASES -: E3 (ubiquitin) ligases interact with ubiquitin-E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes and the target protein, transferring the ubiquitin from the E2 to the substrate. RING-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are characterised by three closely spaced domains: RING1 (a classical RING finger domain), a In-Betweeen-RING (IBR) domain and a RING2 domain. The mechanism of action is described as RING/HECT-like, with the RING1 domain facilitating E2-transfer (E3 RING-like) to form a thioester intermediate with a cysteine in RING2 which then modifies the substrate protein (HECT-like). (Adapted from PMID:24469331).

Summary (Interactive Fly)

ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility, and defects in brain dopaminergic cells - PINK1 activates Parkin activity leading to ubiquitination of multiple proteins, which in turn promotes clearance of mitochondria by mitophagy

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

Number of Unique Polypeptides

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\park for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.45

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene

nuclear_gene

protein_coding_gene

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

park-RB

FBtr0078318

NM_168884

1630

482

park-RC

FBtr0078319

NM_168885

1609

482

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

RefSeq ID

GenBank

park-PB

FBpp0077974

54.1

482

6.08

NP_730600

AAN12154

park-PC

FBpp0077975

54.1

482

6.08

NP_730601

AAN12155

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

482 aa isoforms: park-PB, park-PC

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

50-55 (kD)

(Horowitz et al., 2001)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

UniProt

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\park using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Linkouts

Expression Data

Expression Summary Ribbons

Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.

For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism

Comment: rapidly degraded

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | faint | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

northern blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 4

(Pesah et al., 2004)

third instar larval stage -- adult stage

(Pesah et al., 2004)

Additional Descriptive Data

park transcript is expressed in 0-2 hr embryos, and in third instar larvae through adults.

(Pesah et al., 2004)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

oogenesis

germarium region 2b

(Ottone et al., 2011)

oogenesis stage S1 -- S10

oocyte | posterior

(Ottone et al., 2011)

western blot

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

adult stage

head

(Horowitz et al., 2001)

Additional Descriptive Data

In the germarium, park protein is specifially detected in germarium region 2b. In egg chambers park protein is detected up to stage 9-10 in the oocyte. It is preferentially localized at the posterior pole and is specifically expressed in the anterior margin of the oocyte. It colocalizes with eIF4E1 protein in the oocyte.

(Ottone et al., 2011)

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in cytoplasm

inferred from direct assay

(Ottone et al., 2011, Ziviani et al., 2010)

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Cha et al., 2005)

colocalizes_with mitochondrion

inferred from direct assay

(Ziviani et al., 2010)

located_in mitochondrion

inferred from direct assay

(assigned by UniProt )

(Zhuang et al., 2016)

inferred from direct assay

(Kim et al., 2008)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\park in GBrowse 2

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\park

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\park

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0041100

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0041100

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10523-RB

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0041100

Images

FlyBase Wiki

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 20 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 41 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of park

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of park

Deletions and Duplications ( 1 )

Disrupted in

Df(3L)Pc-MK

(Pesah et al., 2004, Greene et al., 2003)

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

park^SE.UAS

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park¹, park^SE.UAS

park^Δ21

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park^Δ21, park¹

park^SE.UAS

lethal, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park^Δ21, park^SE.UAS

park¹

partially lethal - majority die

partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

park^GD5543

viable

viable, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU

park^UAS.cGa

viable, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^GD5543

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

park^GD5543

viable (with park¹³)

park^Δ21

viable (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

viable (with park^Δ21)

Sterility

Allele

female fertile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park¹³

female semi-sterile

female semi-sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

female sterile

fertile

park^c00062

male semi-fertile, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^KK107919

male semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^VDRC.cUa

male sterile

male sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park¹³

male sterile (with park¹)

park^Δ21

male sterile (with park^Δ21)

park¹

sterile

Other Phenotypes

Allele

body size defective

park^P23

chemical sensitive

chemical sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park^Δ21

chemical sensitive | adult stage

park¹

courtship behavior defective | male

park^unspecified

decreased cell death

decreased cell number

park^Δ21

decreased cell number | adult stage

park²⁵

decreased cell size

park^Δ21

decreased fecundity | female

park²⁵

developmental rate defective

developmental rate defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

flight defective

park²⁵

flight defective, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

flight defective, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^KK107919

flight defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

flight defective (with park¹)

park^Δ21

flight defective (with park²⁵)

flight defective (with park^Z472)

park²⁵

flight defective (with park^Δ21)

flight defective | dominant | progressive

park²⁵

flight defective | recessive

park²⁵

flightless

flightless, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^GD5543

flightless (with park¹)

park^Δ21

flightless (with park^Δ21)

park¹

hypoactive

park^Δ21

immune response defective | adult stage

increased cell death

park²⁵

increased cell death | adult stage

increased fecundity | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

park^UAS.cGa

jumping defective

park^Δ21

locomotor behavior defective

locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^GD5543

locomotor behavior defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park¹³

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL

park^dsRNA.UAS

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^UAS.Tag:V5

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

park^UAS.cSa

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

park^JF01200

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage (with park¹)

park^Δ21

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park¹

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | dominant

park²⁵

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | recessive

park²⁵

locomotor behavior defective | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

park^UAS.cGa

locomotor behavior defective | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^{elav.Switch.PO}

park^UAS.cGa

locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with park²⁵)

park^Z3678

locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with park^Z3678)

park²⁵

locomotor behavior defective | larval stage | recessive

locomotor behavior defective | recessive

park¹

locomotor behavior defective | third instar larval stage

park¹

locomotor behavior defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

park^HMS01800

locomotor rhythm defective

locomotor rhythm defective | adult stage

locomotor rhythm defective | dominant | progressive

park²⁵

long lived | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

park^UAS.cGa

long lived | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^{elav.Switch.PO}

park^UAS.cGa

memory defective | adult stage

park²⁵

neuroanatomy defective

neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

neuroanatomy defective | adult stage

park²⁵

neuroanatomy defective | adult stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

neuroanatomy defective | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

neuroanatomy defective | adult stage | progressive

park¹

neuroanatomy defective | recessive | third instar larval stage

park²⁵

neurophysiology defective | larval stage (with park²⁵)

park^Z3678

neurophysiology defective | larval stage (with park^Z3678)

park²⁵

neurophysiology defective | larval stage | recessive

park²⁵

oxidative stress response defective

park²⁵

oxidative stress response defective | recessive

park²⁵

short lived

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^Ddc.PL

park^dsRNA.UAS

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

park^JF01200

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

short lived, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^VDRC.cUa

short lived (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

short lived (with park¹³)

park^Δ21

short lived (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

short lived (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

short lived (with park^Δ21)

short lived | chemical conditional

park²⁵

short lived | cold sensitive

park^Δ21

short lived | cold sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park^Δ21

short lived | dominant

park²⁵

short lived | recessive

park¹

size defective | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

park^HMS01651

size defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

park^JF01200

size defective | third instar larval stage (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

size defective | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

park^f01950

sleep defective | adult stage

park¹

small body

smell perception defective | dominant | progressive

park²⁵

some die during P-stage

some die during pupal stage

some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

park^GD5543

starvation stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

park^UAS.cGa

starvation stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4^{elav.Switch.PO}

park^UAS.cGa

visible

visible, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

park^GD5543

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

park^SE.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, park²⁵

park^VDRC.cUa

visible, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, park^VDRC.cUa

park²⁵

visible (with park¹)

park^Δ21

visible (with park²⁵)

park^Z472

visible (with park^Z472)

park²⁵

visible (with park^Δ21)

park¹

visible | adult stage

park²⁵

visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

park^dsRNA.UAS

visible | adult stage (with park¹)

park^Δ21

visible | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park¹

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult brain

park²⁵

adult external thorax (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

adult external thorax (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

adult heart

park¹³

adult heart, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

adult heart chamber

park¹³

adult somatic muscle

adult thorax

adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

park^UAS.Tag:MYC

adult thorax (with park¹)

park^Δ21

adult thorax (with park²⁵)

park^Z472

adult thorax (with park^Z472)

park²⁵

adult thorax (with park^Δ21)

park¹

adult thorax | dorsal

park²⁵

autophagosome | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

park^HMS01651

brain | adult stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

brain | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

cardial cell

park¹³

cardial cell, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

dopaminergic neuron

park²⁵

dopaminergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

dopaminergic neuron (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park¹³

dopaminergic neuron (with park¹)

park²⁵

dopaminergic neuron (with park²⁵)

park¹

dopaminergic neuron | adult stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

dopaminergic neuron | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

dopaminergic neuron | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

park^UAS.cSa

dopaminergic PAM neuron | adult stage

park¹

dopaminergic PPL1 neuron

dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | adult stage

park²⁵

dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | adult stage | progressive

park¹

dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | progressive

park²⁵

dorsal mesothorax

park²⁵

egg

park^P21

egg chamber

park^P23

elongation stage spermatid

park²⁵

embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

park^JF01200

embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage

park²⁵

embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with park¹³)

park^Δ21

embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage

park²⁵

embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

park^UAS.mCherry

embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

endoplasmic reticulum | adult stage

park²⁵

enterocyte | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

park^HMS01651

eye, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

flight muscle

park²⁵

flight muscle | adult stage

park¹

flight muscle | adult stage (with park¹)

park^Δ21

flight muscle | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park¹

follicle cell

park¹

indirect flight muscle

indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park^Δ21/park^SA.UAS

park¹

indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^GD5543

indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

indirect flight muscle (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park²⁵

indirect flight muscle (with park¹)

park²⁵

indirect flight muscle (with park²⁵)

indirect flight muscle (with park^SA.UAS), with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park¹

park^Δ21

indirect flight muscle (with park^Δ21)

park²⁵

indirect flight muscle (with park^Δ21), with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park¹

park^SA.UAS

indirect flight muscle & mitochondrion

park^Δ21

indirect flight muscle & nuclear membrane

park^Δ21

individualization stage spermatid

park²⁵

insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis

park¹

mesothoracic cleft | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4^ap-md544

park^UAS.Tag:MYC

midgut | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

park^HMS01651

mitochondrial crista

mitochondrial crista | adult stage (with park¹)

park^Δ21

mitochondrial crista | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

park¹

mitochondrial crista | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^UAS.Tag:V5

mitochondrial crista | third instar larval stage

mitochondrion

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park^Δ21/park^SA.UAS

park¹

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PU

park^GD5543

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

park^JF01200

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PU

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^GD5543

mitochondrion (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

mitochondrion (with park¹)

mitochondrion (with park²⁵)

park¹

mitochondrion (with park^SA.UAS), with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park¹

park^Δ21

mitochondrion (with park^Δ21)

park¹

mitochondrion (with park^Δ21), with Scer\GAL4^da.PU, park¹

park^SA.UAS

mitochondrion & dorso-lateral dopaminergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4^ple.PF

park^UAS.Tag:HA

mitochondrion & skeletal muscle of thorax

park¹

mitochondrion | adult stage

mitochondrion | adult stage (with park¹)

park^Δ21

mitochondrion | adult stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

mitochondrion | adult stage (with park^Δ21)

mitochondrion | adult stage | progressive

park²⁵

mitochondrion | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^UAS.Tag:V5

mitochondrion | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^da.Switch.PT

park^UAS.cGa

mitochondrion | female limited, with Scer\GAL4^{elav.Switch.PO}

park^UAS.cGa

mitochondrion | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4^Act.PU

park^HMS01651

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^Cg.PA

park^JF01200

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^how-24B

park^UAS.mCherry

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with park¹³)

park^Δ21

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with park²⁵)

park^Δ21

mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

myofibril (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park²⁵

myofibril & skeletal muscle of thorax

park¹

Nebenkern

park¹

Nebenkern (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park¹³

Nebenkern derivative

neuron

park²⁵

nuclear envelope | third instar larval stage (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

nuclear envelope | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

park^f01950

nucleus | third instar larval stage (with park¹³)

park^Δ21

nucleus | third instar larval stage (with park^f01950)

park^Δ21

nucleus | third instar larval stage (with park^Δ21)

nurse cell

ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.PF

park^dsRNA.UAS

oocyte

ovary

ovary (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

sarcomere, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^GD5543

skeletal muscle of thorax

park²⁵

skeletal muscle of thorax | progressive, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^UAS.Tag:V5

spermatid

park²⁵

spermatid axoneme

park²⁵

terminal bouton | third instar larval stage

park²⁵

thorax, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

park^KK107919

thorax (with park¹)

park^Δ21

thorax (with park^Δ21)

park¹

wing

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Mhc.PU

park^SE.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, park²⁵

park^VDRC.cUa

wing, with Scer\GAL4^Tub.PU, park^VDRC.cUa

park²⁵

wing (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)

park²⁵

wing (with park¹)

park^Δ21

wing (with park^Δ21)

park¹

wing | progressive

park^c00062

wing blade

park¹

Z disc, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

park^GD5543

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Download All OrthoDB Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Homo sapiens (Human) (2)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Hsap\PRKN

15 of 15

Yes

Hsap\RNF217

1 of 15

Yes

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Mmus\Prkn

15 of 15

Yes

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)

Rnor\Prkn

8 of 13

Yes

Rnor\Rnf217

1 of 13

Yes

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)

Xtro\rnf217

1 of 12

Yes

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)

Drer\prkn

10 of 15

Yes

Drer\rnf217

1 of 15

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)

Cele\pdr-1

11 of 15

Yes

Cele\C17H11.6

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\tag-314

1 of 15

Yes

Cele\Y49F6B.9

1 of 15

Yes

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (40)

Atha\ARI1

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI2

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI3

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI4

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI5

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI7

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI8

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI9

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI10

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI11

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI12

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI13

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI14

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI15

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\ARI16

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G16520

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G19610

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G21420

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G25360

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G25370

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G26130

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT2G26135

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G14250

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G43180

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G43750

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45460

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45470

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45480

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45490

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45510

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45540

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45555

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45560

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45570

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G45580

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT3G53690

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT4G19670

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G07640

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G37560

1 of 9

Yes

Atha\AT5G60250

1 of 9

Yes

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)

Scer\HEL1

1 of 15

Yes

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)

Spom\SPAC328.02

1 of 12

Yes

Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919066P )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

AAA Syntenic Ortholog

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Drosophila suzukii

Spotted wing Drosophila

Drosophila simulans

Drosophila sechellia

Drosophila erecta

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila yakuba

Drosophila ananassae

Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura

Dpse\GA10370

Drosophila persimilis

Dper\GL24602

Drosophila willistoni

Dwil\GK17374

Drosophila virilis

Dvir\GJ11442

Drosophila mojavensis

Dmoj\GI12208

Drosophila grimshawi

Dgri\GH16528

Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091504CS )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Musca domestica

House fly

Mdoa\17026217

Glossina morsitans

Tsetse fly

Gmor\GMOY002148

Lucilia cuprina

Australian sheep blowfly

Lcup\FF38_06888

Mayetiola destructor

Hessian fly

Mdes\Mdes000888

Aedes aegypti

Yellow fever mosquito

Aaeg\AAEL018318

Anopheles darlingi

American malaria mosquito

Adar\ADAC006251

Anopheles gambiae

Malaria mosquito

Agam\AGAP006580

Culex quinquefasciatus

Southern house mosquito

Cqui\CPIJ014867

Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0507 )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Apis florea

Little honeybee

Aflo\2167779268

Apis mellifera

Western honey bee

Amel\LOC412975

Bombus impatiens

Common eastern bumble bee

Bimp\BIMP16492

Bombus terrestris

Buff-tailed bumblebee

Bter\15209068

Linepithema humile

Argentine ant

Lhum\LH12783

Megachile rotundata

Alfalfa leafcutting bee

Mrot\MROTU:0011b5

Nasonia vitripennis

Parasitic wasp

Nvit\Nasvi2EG004971

Dendroctonus ponderosae

Mountain pine beetle

Dpod\YQE_01801

Tribolium castaneum

Red flour beetle

Tcas\TC013995

Pediculus humanus

Human body louse

Phum\PHUM233570

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC006069

Cimex lectularius

Bed bug

Clec\CLEC007452

Acyrthosiphon pisum

Pea aphid

Apim\ACYPI007369

Zootermopsis nevadensis

Nevada dampwood termite

Znev\Znev_15254

Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X05ZB )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strigamia maritima

European centipede

Smar\SMAR011388

Ixodes scapularis

Black-legged tick

Isca\ISCW013634

Stegodyphus mimosarum

African social velvet spider

Smim\KFM56690.1

Tetranychus urticae

Two-spotted spider mite

Turt\tetur08g04740

Daphnia pulex

Water flea

Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_221739

Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G09PU )

Organism

Common Name

Gene

Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group

Strongylocentrotus purpuratus

Purple sea urchin

Spur\Sp-Park2

Gallus gallus

Domestic chicken

Ggal\PARK2

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

2 of 10

2 of 10

2 of 10

1 of 10

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Parkinson disease 2, early-onset

Disease Model Summary Ribbon

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 16 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

park^JF01200

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Zhou et al., 2019)

park^Δ21

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Zhu et al., 2015)

CEA with park¹

(Chen et al., 2017)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA with park¹

(Wu et al., 2019)

park¹

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park^Δ21

(Chen et al., 2017, Wu et al., 2013)

CEA

(Ng et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2014, Kim et al., 2012, Ng et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2007, Park et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2005)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEC

(Doktór et al., 2019, Basil et al., 2017)

CEA with park^Δ21

(Wu et al., 2019)

park¹³

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park²

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Cha et al., 2005)

park²⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Celardo et al., 2017, Julienne et al., 2017, Lehmann et al., 2016, Cagin et al., 2015, Gao et al., 2015, Bingol et al., 2014, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Vincow et al., 2013, Vincent et al., 2012, Fernandes and Rao, 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Tain et al., 2009, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2003)

CEA with park^Z3678

(Vincent et al., 2012)

CEA with park^Z472

(Poole et al., 2008)

CEA with Vps35^E42

(Malik et al., 2015)

CEA with Vps35^MH20

(Malik et al., 2015)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

CEA

(Cackovic et al., 2018, Zanon et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017)

CEC

(von Stockum et al., 2019)

park⁴⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

park^Z3678

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Vincent et al., 2012)

park^Z4437

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Greene et al., 2003)

park^Z472

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA with park²⁵

(Poole et al., 2008)

park^c00062

model of opportunistic bacterial infectious disease

CEA

(Manzanillo et al., 2013)

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Srivastav et al., 2015)

park^dsRNA.UAS

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

park^GD5543

model of Parkinson's disease

CEA

(Cornelissen et al., 2014)

park^f01950

model of opportunistic bacterial infectious disease

CEA

(Manzanillo et al., 2013)

park^HMS01651

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park^HMS01800

model of cardiomyopathy

CEA

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

PRKN; parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

model of lung cancer

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of ovarian cancer

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

park¹

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by GstO1^UAS.cKa

(Kim et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by AMPKα^TD.UAS

(Ng et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Ucp4A^UAS.cWa

(Wu et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by srl^UAS.cTa

(Ng et al., 2017)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is ameliorated by Hsap\AFDN^UAS.cBa

(Basil et al., 2017)

park²⁵

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Cat^UAS.cAa

(Vincent et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Vincent et al., 2012)

is ameliorated by Hsap\BNIP3L^UAS.cGa

(Gao et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by sima^HMS00833

(Cagin et al., 2015)

is exacerbated by Shmt^GD8851

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Shmt^UAS.Tag:HA

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Nmdmc^KK102478

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Nmdmc^UAS.Tag:HA

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by crc^KK111018

(Celardo et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by foxo^UAS.cFa

(Tain et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Lrrk^e03680

(Tain et al., 2009)

is ameliorated by Thor^UAS.cMa

(Tain et al., 2009)

is exacerbated by GstS1⁰⁴²²⁷

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1^k08805

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1^EP2223

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is exacerbated by GstS1^k09303

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

is ameliorated by Usp30^NIG.3016R

(Bingol et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Hsap\PRKN^UAS.cYa

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Opa1^f02779

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Opa1^s3475

(Poole et al., 2008)

is ameliorated by Parp^CH1

(Lehmann et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by Hsap\FBXO7^UAS.cBa

(Burchell et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Hsap\VPS35^D620N.UAS

(Malik et al., 2015)

is NOT ameliorated by clu^UASp.cSa

(Sen et al., 2015)

is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\CLUH^UASp.cSa

(Sen et al., 2015)

is ameliorated by Marf^KK105681

(Celardo et al., 2016)

is ameliorated by PEK^GD5584

(Celardo et al., 2016)

is NOT ameliorated by ND-42^UAS.Tag:HA

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by ND-42^UAS.cBa

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by sicily^UAS.cZa

(Pogson et al., 2014)

is NOT ameliorated by TER94^UAS.cRa

(Kim et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by MTF-1^UAS.cSa

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by MTF-1^αTub84B.PS

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by Hsap\MTF1^UASp.cBa

(Saini et al., 2011)

is ameliorated by MtnA^αTub84B.PS

(Saini et al., 2011)

is exacerbated by MTF-1^140-1R

(Saini et al., 2011)

is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\TRAP1^UAS.cBa

(Zhang et al., 2013)

is ameliorated by Trap1^UAS.cCa

(Costa et al., 2013)

model of Parkinson's disease 2

is exacerbated by Stoml2^GD16706

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Stoml2^UAS.cZa

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Hsap\STOML2^UAS.cZa

(Zanon et al., 2017)

is exacerbated by Mul1^A6

(Zhang et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by TER94^UAS.cCa

(Zhang et al., 2017)

is ameliorated by Usp8^VDRC.cUa

(von Stockum et al., 2019)

park^UAS.Tag:MYC

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Park et al., 2006)

park^UAS.cGa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Pink1^B9

(Pogson et al., 2014, Hao et al., 2010, Poole et al., 2008)

park^UAS.cHa

ameliorates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^UAS.cFa

(Haywood and Staveley, 2004)

park^Z472

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by GstS1^UASp.cWa

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

park^dsRNA.UAS

exacerbates Parkinson's disease

modeled by Hsap\GPR37^UAS.cYa

(Yang et al., 2003)

park^GD5543

model of Parkinson's disease

is ameliorated by Usp32^GD5871

(Cornelissen et al., 2014)

park^HMS01651

ameliorates Machado-Joseph disease

modeled by Hsap\ATXN3^{tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA}

(Tsou et al., 2015)

model of cardiomyopathy

is ameliorated by Sod1^UAS.cWa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by CG6878^KK108566

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Marf^{miRNA.cUa.UAS}

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park^HMS01800

model of cardiomyopathy

is ameliorated by Sod2^UAS.cMa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Sod1^UAS.cWa

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by CG6878^KK108566

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

is ameliorated by Marf^{miRNA.cUa.UAS}

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park^UAS.Tag:FLAG

ameliorates neurodegenerative disease

modeled by trp^P365

(Huang et al., 2016)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

PRKN; parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase

15 of 15

602544

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Dmel gene

Ortholog showing functional complementation

Supporting References

park

Hsap\PRKN

(Poole et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2007)

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

Interactions Browser

View in Interactions Browser

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

park

enzymatic study, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation

(Tan et al., 2018, Bae et al., 2007)

park - Hsap\TAF15

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kim et al., 2019)

park - Marf

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Yun et al., 2014, Poole et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010)

park - Paris

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Pirooznia et al., 2020)

park - Pink1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Sen et al., 2015, Whitworth et al., 2008)

park - Septin1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bae et al., 2007)

park - Septin4

pull down, anti tag western blot

(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)

park - ari-1

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - ari-2

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - clu

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Sen et al., 2015)

park - eIF4E1

pull down, western blot

(Ottone et al., 2011)

park - elgi

two hybrid

(Zhong et al., 2005)

park - koi

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Tan et al., 2018)

park - pelo

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wu et al., 2018)

park - pix

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Wu et al., 2018)

park - pnut

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot

(Bae et al., 2007)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

esyN Network Diagram

esyN Network Key:

Suppression

Enhancement

View in Interactions Browser

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Ng et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Sen et al., 2015)

suppressible

(Zhu et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Kim et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

park

suppressible

Buffy

(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)

park

suppressible

Cat

(Vincent et al., 2012)

park

enhanceable

clu

(Wang et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015)

park

enhanceable

crc

(Celardo et al., 2017)

park

suppressible

Drp1

(Park et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2008)

park

suppressible

eIF4E1

(Ottone et al., 2011)

park

suppressible

foxo

(Tain et al., 2009)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Kim et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Kim et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

park

suppressible

GstS1

(Whitworth et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Vos et al., 2012)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Whitworth et al., 2008)

park

enhanceable

HtrA2

(Tain et al., 2009)

park

suppressible

Lrrk

(Tain et al., 2009)

park

suppressible

Marf

(Celardo et al., 2016, Bhandari et al., 2014, Deng et al., 2008)

suppressible

(Yun et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Zhu et al., 2015)

enhanceable

(Zhu et al., 2015)

suppressible

(Saini et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Yun et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Celardo et al., 2017)

park

suppressible

Opa1

(Park et al., 2009, Poole et al., 2008)

park

suppressible

Parp

(Lehmann et al., 2016)

park

suppressible

PEK

(Celardo et al., 2016)

park

suppressible

Pgam5

(Imai et al., 2010)

park

enhanceable

Pgam5

(Imai et al., 2010)

park

enhanceable

Pink1

(Sen et al., 2015, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Fernandes and Rao, 2011)

park

suppressible

Pink1

(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(de Castro et al., 2013)

park

suppressible

sfl

(Reynolds-Peterson et al., 2020)

park

enhanceable

Shmt

(Celardo et al., 2017)

park

suppressible

sima

(Cagin et al., 2015)

park

suppressible

Sod1

(Bhandari et al., 2014)

park

suppressible

Sod2

(Bhandari et al., 2014, Vincent et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Lee et al., 2020)

suppressible

(Zanon et al., 2017)

park

enhanceable

Stoml2

(Zanon et al., 2017)

park

suppressible

STUB1

(Chen et al., 2017)

enhanceable

(Kim et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Tain et al., 2009)

eIF4E1|park

suppressible

Thor

(Ottone et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Costa et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Wu et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Bingol et al., 2014)

park

suppressible

Usp32

(Cornelissen et al., 2014)

park

suppressible

Vps35

(Malik et al., 2015)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

suppressible

(Tan et al., 2018)

enhanceable

(Tan et al., 2018)

suppressible

(Huang et al., 2016)

bsk

suppressible

park

(Hwang et al., 2010)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Wang et al., 2016)

clu

enhanceable

park

(Wang et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015)

Ctr1B

suppressible

park

(Saini et al., 2010)

Dhpr

suppressible

park

(Zhou et al., 2019)

hep

suppressible

park

(Hwang et al., 2010)

suppressible

(Goh et al., 2013)

suppressible

(Bhandari et al., 2014, Yun et al., 2014)

Pink1

suppressible

park

(Khalil et al., 2015, Zhu et al., 2015, Pogson et al., 2014, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, de Castro et al., 2013, Hao et al., 2010, Park et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Clark et al., 2006, Park et al., 2006)

Pink1

enhanceable

park

(Sen et al., 2015, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008)

PolG1

suppressible

park

(Humphrey et al., 2012)

enhanceable

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Klein et al., 2014)

rho-7

suppressible

park

(Whitworth et al., 2008)

rho-7

enhanceable

park

(Whitworth et al., 2008)

Septin4

enhanceable

park

(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)

Septin4

suppressible

park

(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)

sima

suppressible

park

(Cagin et al., 2015)

Stoml2

enhanceable

park

(Zanon et al., 2017)

Stoml2

suppressible

park

(Zanon et al., 2017)

suppressible

(Liu et al., 2018)

suppressible

(Cha et al., 2005)

suppressible

(Huang et al., 2016)

enhanceable

(Liu et al., 2016)

suppressible

(Liu et al., 2016)

External Data

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65587

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0041100

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

40336

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

park

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

park

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

External Data

Linkouts

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

Recombination map

3-47

Cytogenetic map

78C2-78C2

Sequence location

3L:21,194,754..21,196,853 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

78C2-78C2

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}chb^EP3403 and P{PZ}ppl⁰⁰²¹⁷

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

78B2-78D2

(Pallanck, 2000.3.3)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-47

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-43.8

(Comeron et al., 2012)

(Greene et al., 2000)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

maps to 3L

(Greene et al., 2000)

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (17)

Bloomington

79210

w^*; park¹³

51651

w^*; P{UAS-park.G}L2/CyO

34748

w^*; P{UAS-park.MYC.T187A}2

34746

w^*; P{UAS-park.FLAG.COX-IV}3

31259

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01200}attP2

34747

w^*; P{EP}park¹/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

77064

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TKO.GS00852}attP40

77308

y¹ sc^* v¹ sev²¹; P{TOE.GS02011}attP40

10006

w¹¹¹⁸; PBac{PB}park^c00062/TM3, Sb¹ Ser¹

VDRC

v104363

P{KK107919}VIE-260B

v47636

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5543}v47636

v47637

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD5543}v47637/CyO

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (21)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (25)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

SD01679

Other clones

FI05213

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0041100

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0041100

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40336

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Other Information

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database identify of

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: parkin CG10523

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Additional comments

Source for merge of parkin CG10523 was sequence comparison ( date:020502 ).

(FlyBase, 1996-)

Other Comments

park is required for the regulation of tubulin levels.

(Kim et al., 2012)

The condition of park mutants raised on zinc-supplemented food is greatly improved.

(Saini and Schaffner, 2010)

Flies mutant for park show significantly reduced lifespan but no difference in dopamine neuron numbers when raised on food supplemented with environmental pesticides or mitochondrial toxins.

(Saini et al., 2010)

The increased lifespan of park mutants is due to metal chelation.

(Saini et al., 2010)

park mutants display increased vulnerability to environmental pesticides and mitochondrial toxins associated with Parkinson's disease.

(Saini et al., 2010)

park gene function is necessary for mitochondrial morphogenesis during earlier and later phases of spermiogenesis.

(Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)

In park mutants, the investment cones are scattered along the post-elongated spermatid bundles and fail to act properly in the process of sperm individualization.

(Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)

The level of dopamine is significantly reduced in park mutants compared to controls.

(Cha et al., 2005)

Inhibition of park leads to a reduction of phospho-Akt levels.

(Yang et al., 2005)

park appears to have a role in mitochondrial function.

(Greene et al., 2003)

Origin and Etymology

Discoverer

Etymology

Identification

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 62 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

40336

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0041100

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0041100

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0041100

GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents

40336

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC013995

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

Dmel_CG10523

modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project

FBgn0041100

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

65587

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0041100

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0041100

FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies

FBgn0041100

FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array

CG10523-RB

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0041100

FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics

FBgn0041100

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.

40336

KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.

MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

park

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

park

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

AAN12155.1

(Eisenhaber et al., 2007)

CG10523

(Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Kahle et al., 2000)

Dpark

(Lee et al., 2011)

PARK

(Fernius et al., 2017)

PARK2

(Dalla Vecchia et al., 2019)

PARKIN

(Tower, 2015)

(Wang et al., 2007)

Park

(Ham et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Lieber et al., 2019, Sênos Demarco et al., 2019, Kuo et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2014, Navarro et al., 2014)

Parkin

(Lu and Guo, 2020, Lin et al., 2019, Basso et al., 2018, Xiong and Yu, 2018, Kim et al., 2017, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2017, Chen et al., 2016, Voigt et al., 2016, Gehrke et al., 2015, Lesnik et al., 2015, Ramirez et al., 2015, Tsou et al., 2015, Vos et al., 2015)

SD01679

(Lee et al., 2003)

dPARKIN

(Breger and Fuzzati Armentero, 2019)

dParkin

(Wu et al., 2018, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)

dpark

(Sang et al., 2007)

dpk

(Ma et al., 2014, Pesah et al., 2004)

park

(Lee et al., 2020, Liu et al., 2020, Pradhan et al., 2020, Wan et al., 2020, Aggarwal et al., 2019, Aryal and Lee, 2019, Bajracharya et al., 2019, Bouska et al., 2019, Doktór et al., 2019, Doktór et al., 2019, Gumeni et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Qiu et al., 2019, Vincow et al., 2019, von Stockum et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Bajracharya and Ballard, 2018, Baranski et al., 2018, Chakraborty et al., 2018, Kucherenko and Shcherbata, 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Steyaert et al., 2018, Tan et al., 2018, Thomas et al., 2018, Celardo et al., 2017, Galluzzi et al., 2017, Ketosugbo et al., 2017, Martinez et al., 2017, Ng et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Zanon et al., 2017, Bajracharya and Ballard, 2016, Celardo et al., 2016, Dwivedi and Lakhotia, 2016, Sung et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Cagin et al., 2015, Gao et al., 2015, Khalil et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Malik et al., 2015, Srivastav et al., 2015, Srivastav et al., 2015, Bhandari et al., 2014, Bingol et al., 2014, Klein et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2014, Pogson et al., 2014, Politi et al., 2014, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Wu et al., 2014, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Costa et al., 2013, de Castro et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Vos et al., 2013, Wu et al., 2013, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Humphrey et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kim et al., 2012, Munoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Pezzulo et al., 2012, Pimenta de Castro et al., 2012, Vincent et al., 2012, Vos et al., 2012, Fernandes and Rao, 2011, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Saini et al., 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Saini and Schaffner, 2010, Saini et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010, Cox and Spradling, 2009, Park et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Kuo et al., 2006, Park et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2005)

park1

(Basil et al., 2017)

parkin

(Lee et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Koehler et al., 2017, Ortega-Arellano et al., 2017, Langston et al., 2016, Zhuang et al., 2016, Lepesant, 2015, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Navarro et al., 2014, Piccirillo et al., 2014, Chan and McQuibban, 2013, Frank et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Poole et al., 2010, Whitworth et al., 2008, Yun et al., 2008, Haywood and Staveley, 2006)

(Ng et al., 2012)

Name Synonyms

D-parkin

(Greene et al., 2002, Greene et al., 2001, Greene et al., 2000)

Parkin F

(Brookheart et al., 2017)

dParkin

(Song et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2008, Bier, 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2003)

dparkin

(Hwang et al., 2010, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007, Zhong et al., 2005)

parkin

(Bai et al., 2020, Cha et al., 2020, Ding et al., 2020, Kim et al., 2019, Kim et al., 2019, Ortega-Arellano et al., 2019, Si et al., 2019, Yadav and Srikrishna, 2019, Shao et al., 2018, Valadas et al., 2018, Basil et al., 2017, M'Angale and Staveley, 2017, Meng et al., 2017, Wangler et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Brooks et al., 2016, Kandul et al., 2016, Kawasaki et al., 2016, Lehmann et al., 2016, Liu et al., 2016, Spinazzi and De Strooper, 2016, Sung et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Gehrke et al., 2015, Johnson et al., 2015, Khalil et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Malik et al., 2015, Sen et al., 2015, van der Merwe et al., 2015, Vanhauwaert and Verstreken, 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, West et al., 2015, Zhu et al., 2015, Cornelissen et al., 2014, Hwang et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2014, Tufi et al., 2014, Yun et al., 2014, Bonilla-Ramirez et al., 2013, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Debattisti and Scorrano, 2013, Esposito et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2013, Manzanillo et al., 2013, Rana et al., 2013, Spratt et al., 2013, Vincow et al., 2013, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Elliott and Sparrow, 2012, Guo, 2012, Humphrey et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Koh et al., 2012, Ng et al., 2012, Pimenta de Castro et al., 2012, Vilain et al., 2012, Vincent et al., 2012, Lee et al., 2011, Ottone et al., 2011, Saini et al., 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2010, Imai et al., 2010, Poole et al., 2010, Saini et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010, Lutz et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Xun et al., 2009, Cox et al., 2008, Deng et al., 2008, Dodson et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Guo et al., 2007, Korey, 2007, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2006, Kuo et al., 2006, Lin and Beal, 2006, Maricich and Zoghbi, 2006, Pallanck and Greenamyre, 2006, Greene et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2003, Fortini et al., 2000, Pallanck, 2000.3.3)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0037054

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

References (312)

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