FB2019_06, released Dec 19, 2019

Gene: Dmel\park

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\park
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
parkin
Annotation Symbol
CG10523
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0041100
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
16 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
parkin (park) encodes an E3 ubiquitin ligase with a key role in protein ubiquitination. It is involved in mitochondrion organization, oxidative stress and locomotion. [Date last reviewed: 2019-06-13]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
dParkin, D-parkin, dpk
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
78C2-78C2
Sequence location
3L:21,194,754..21,196,853 [-]
Recombination map
3-47
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Molecular Function (GO)
[Detailed GO annotations]
Experimental Evidence
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity; ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding; ubiquitin protein ligase activity; ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
Predictions / Assertions
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding; ubiquitin protein ligase activity
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
RING-BETWEEN-RING UBIQUITIN LIGASES -
E3 (ubiquitin) ligases interact with ubiquitin-E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating) enzymes and the target protein, transferring the ubiquitin from the E2 to the substrate. RING-between-RING (RBR) E3 ligases are characterised by three closely spaced domains: RING1 (a classical RING finger domain), a In-Betweeen-RING (IBR) domain and a RING2 domain. The mechanism of action is described as RING/HECT-like, with the RING1 domain facilitating E2-transfer (E3 RING-like) to form a thioester intermediate with a cysteine in RING2 which then modifies the substrate protein (HECT-like). (Adapted from PMID:24469331).
Summary (Interactive Fly)
ubiquitin protein ligase - degrades proteins with aberrant conformations - mutants exhibit muscle degeneration, male sterility, and defects in brain dopaminergic cells - PINK1 activates Parkin activity leading to ubiquitination of multiple proteins, which in turn promotes clearance of mitochondria by mitophagy
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
2
Number of Unique Polypeptides
1

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\park or the JBrowse view of Dmel\park for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
park-RB
FBtr0078318
NM_168884
1630
482
park-RC
FBtr0078319
NM_168885
1609
482
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
park-PB
FBpp0077974
54.1
482
6.08
NP_730600
AAN12154
park-PC
FBpp0077975
54.1
482
6.08
NP_730601
AAN12155
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

482 aa isoforms: park-PB, park-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
50-55 (kD)
(Horowitz et al., 2001)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\park using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (37 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (4 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme activity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding
inferred from physical interaction with HGNC:12490
(Bae et al., 2007)
ubiquitin protein ligase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Bae et al., 2007)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Cha et al., 2005)
ubiquitin-protein transferase activity
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by CACAO )
(Bae et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
ubiquitin conjugating enzyme binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
ubiquitin protein ligase activity
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (27 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (24 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
adult locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Cornelissen et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2007)
autophagy of mitochondrion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bhandari et al., 2014, Ziviani et al., 2010)
larval locomotory behavior
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Brooks et al., 2016)
mitochondrial fission
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Drp1; FB:FBgn0026479
(Poole et al., 2008)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Marf; FB:FBgn0029870
(Poole et al., 2008)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:Opa1; FB:FBgn0261276
(Poole et al., 2008)
mitochondrion organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tsai et al., 2018, Cornelissen et al., 2014, Deng et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Greene et al., 2003)
negative regulation of JNK cascade
inferred from direct assay
(Cha et al., 2005)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:bsk; FB:FBgn0000229
(Hwang et al., 2010)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:hep; FB:FBgn0010303
(Hwang et al., 2010)
negative regulation of mitochondrial fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ziviani et al., 2010)
neuron cellular homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Wang et al., 2007)
oogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ottone et al., 2011, Saini et al., 2011)
positive regulation of compound eye pigmentation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by BHF-UCL )
(Venderova et al., 2009)
positive regulation of locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Julienne et al., 2017)
positive regulation of mitochondrial fission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ziviani et al., 2010)
positive regulation of neuronal action potential
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Julienne et al., 2017)
protein autoubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Bae et al., 2007)
protein monoubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Tan et al., 2018)
protein polyubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Bae et al., 2007)
protein ubiquitination
inferred from direct assay
(Bae et al., 2007)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Yun et al., 2014)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
inferred from direct assay
(Saini et al., 2010)
regulation of mitochondrion organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lutz et al., 2009)
response to oxidative stress
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Saini et al., 2011, Whitworth et al., 2005)
sperm mitochondrion organization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Deng et al., 2008)
spermatogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Saini et al., 2011, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ziviani et al., 2010)
zinc ion homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Saini and Schaffner, 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
autophagy of mitochondrion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
negative regulation of protein phosphorylation
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
positive regulation of proteasomal ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
protein polyubiquitination
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
regulation of apoptotic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
regulation of cellular response to oxidative stress
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
regulation of mitochondrion organization
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Ottone et al., 2011, Ziviani et al., 2010)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Cha et al., 2005)
mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 2008)
colocalizes_with mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Ziviani et al., 2010)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytoplasm
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
endoplasmic reticulum
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Golgi apparatus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
mitochondrion
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188399
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
ubiquitin ligase complex
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000188395
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism | ubiquitous

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism

Comment: rapidly degraded

(Fisher et al., 2012)
organism | faint | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 4
(Pesah et al., 2004)
third instar larval stage -- adult stage
(Pesah et al., 2004)
Additional Descriptive Data
park transcript is expressed in 0-2 hr embryos, and in third instar larvae through adults.
(Pesah et al., 2004)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
oogenesis
germarium region 2b
(Ottone et al., 2011)
oogenesis stage S1 -- S10
oocyte | posterior
(Ottone et al., 2011)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
head
(Horowitz et al., 2001)
Additional Descriptive Data
In the germarium, park protein is specifially detected in germarium region 2b. In egg chambers park protein is detected up to stage 9-10 in the oocyte. It is preferentially localized at the posterior pole and is specifically expressed in the anterior margin of the oocyte. It colocalizes with eIF4E1 protein in the oocyte.
(Ottone et al., 2011)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Ottone et al., 2011, Ziviani et al., 2010)
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(Cha et al., 2005)
mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Kim et al., 2008)
colocalizes_with mitochondrion
inferred from direct assay
(Ziviani et al., 2010)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\park in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 19 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 38 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of park
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of park
Deletions and Duplications ( 1 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.PU, park1, parkSE.UAS
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.PU, parkΔ21, park1
lethal, with Scer\GAL4da.PU, parkΔ21, parkSE.UAS
partially lethal - majority die
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable
viable, with Scer\GAL4da.PU
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with park13)
viable (with parkf01950)
viable (with parkΔ21)
Sterility
Allele
female fertile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
female semi-sterile
female semi-sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
female sterile
fertile
male semi-fertile, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
male semi-sterile, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
male sterile
male sterile (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
male sterile (with park1)
male sterile (with parkΔ21)
sterile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
body size defective
chemical sensitive
chemical sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
chemical sensitive | adult stage
courtship behavior defective | male
decreased cell death
decreased cell number
decreased cell number | adult stage
decreased cell size
decreased fecundity | female
developmental rate defective
developmental rate defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
flight defective
flight defective, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
flight defective, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
flight defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
flight defective (with park1)
flight defective (with park25)
flight defective (with parkZ472)
flight defective (with parkΔ21)
flight defective | dominant | progressive
flight defective | recessive
flightless
flightless, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
hypoactive
immune response defective | adult stage
increased cell death
increased cell death | adult stage
increased fecundity | RU486 conditional, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
jumping defective
locomotor behavior defective
locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
locomotor behavior defective (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage (with park1)
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | dominant
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | recessive
locomotor behavior defective | female limited, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
locomotor behavior defective | female limited, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with park25)
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage (with parkZ3678)
locomotor behavior defective | larval stage | recessive
locomotor behavior defective | recessive
locomotor behavior defective | third instar larval stage
locomotor behavior defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
locomotor rhythm defective
locomotor rhythm defective | adult stage
locomotor rhythm defective | dominant | progressive
long lived | female limited, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
long lived | female limited, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
memory defective | adult stage
neuroanatomy defective
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage (with park25)
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
neuroanatomy defective | adult stage | progressive
neuroanatomy defective | recessive | third instar larval stage
neurophysiology defective | larval stage (with park25)
neurophysiology defective | larval stage (with parkZ3678)
neurophysiology defective | larval stage | recessive
oxidative stress response defective
oxidative stress response defective | recessive
short lived
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Ddc.PL
short lived, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
short lived, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
short lived, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
short lived (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
short lived (with park13)
short lived (with park25)
short lived (with parkf01950)
short lived (with parkΔ21)
short lived | chemical conditional
short lived | cold sensitive
short lived | cold sensitive (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
short lived | dominant
short lived | recessive
size defective | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
size defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
size defective | third instar larval stage (with parkf01950)
size defective | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
sleep defective | adult stage
small body
smell perception defective | dominant | progressive
some die during P-stage
some die during pupal stage
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
starvation stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
starvation stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, park25
visible, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, parkVDRC.cUa
visible (with park1)
visible (with park25)
visible (with parkZ472)
visible (with parkΔ21)
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible | adult stage (with park1)
visible | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult brain
adult external thorax (with park25)
adult external thorax (with parkΔ21)
adult heart
adult heart, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
adult heart chamber
adult somatic muscle
adult thorax
adult thorax, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
adult thorax (with park1)
adult thorax (with park25)
adult thorax (with parkZ472)
adult thorax (with parkΔ21)
adult thorax | dorsal
autophagosome | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
brain | adult stage (with park25)
brain | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
cardial cell
cardial cell, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
dopaminergic neuron
dopaminergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
dopaminergic neuron (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
dopaminergic neuron (with park1)
dopaminergic neuron (with park25)
dopaminergic neuron | adult stage (with park25)
dopaminergic neuron | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
dopaminergic neuron | progressive, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
dopaminergic PAM neuron | adult stage
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | adult stage
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | adult stage | progressive
dopaminergic PPL1 neuron | progressive
dorsal mesothorax
egg
egg chamber
elongation stage spermatid
embryonic/larval fat body | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with park13)
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with parkf01950)
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage (with park25)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
endoplasmic reticulum | adult stage
enterocyte | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
flight muscle
flight muscle | adult stage
follicle cell
indirect flight muscle
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4da.PU, parkΔ21/parkSA.UAS
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
indirect flight muscle (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
indirect flight muscle (with park1)
indirect flight muscle (with park25)
indirect flight muscle (with parkSA.UAS), with Scer\GAL4da.PU, park1
indirect flight muscle (with parkΔ21)
indirect flight muscle (with parkΔ21), with Scer\GAL4da.PU, park1
indirect flight muscle & mitochondrion
indirect flight muscle & nuclear membrane
individualization stage spermatid
insulin secreting cell of pars intercerebralis
mesothoracic cleft | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ap-md544
midgut | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
mitochondrial crista
mitochondrial crista | adult stage (with park1)
mitochondrial crista | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
mitochondrial crista | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
mitochondrial crista | third instar larval stage
mitochondrion
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4da.PU, parkΔ21/parkSA.UAS
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PU
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4ple.PU
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
mitochondrion, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
mitochondrion (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
mitochondrion (with park1)
mitochondrion (with park25)
mitochondrion (with parkSA.UAS), with Scer\GAL4da.PU, park1
mitochondrion (with parkΔ21)
mitochondrion (with parkΔ21), with Scer\GAL4da.PU, park1
mitochondrion & dorso-lateral dopaminergic neuron, with Scer\GAL4ple.PF
mitochondrion & skeletal muscle of thorax
mitochondrion | adult stage
mitochondrion | adult stage (with park1)
mitochondrion | adult stage (with park25)
mitochondrion | adult stage (with parkΔ21)
mitochondrion | adult stage | progressive
mitochondrion | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
mitochondrion | female limited, with Scer\GAL4da.Switch.PT
mitochondrion | female limited, with Scer\GAL4elav.Switch.PO
mitochondrion | prepupal stage | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Cg.PA
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with park13)
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with park25)
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
myofibril (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
myofibril & skeletal muscle of thorax
Nebenkern
Nebenkern (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
Nebenkern derivative
neuron
nuclear envelope | third instar larval stage (with parkf01950)
nuclear envelope | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
nucleus | third instar larval stage (with park13)
nucleus | third instar larval stage (with parkf01950)
nucleus | third instar larval stage (with parkΔ21)
nurse cell
ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
oocyte
ovary
ovary (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
sarcomere, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
skeletal muscle of thorax
skeletal muscle of thorax | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
spermatid
spermatid axoneme
terminal bouton | third instar larval stage
thorax, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
thorax (with park1)
thorax (with parkΔ21)
wing
wing, with Scer\GAL4Mhc.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
wing, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, park25
wing, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU, parkVDRC.cUa
wing (with Df(3L)Pc-MK)
wing (with park1)
wing (with parkΔ21)
wing | progressive
wing blade
Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\PRKN
15 of 15
Yes
Yes
 
 
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Park2
14 of 15
Yes
Yes
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (1)
Rnor\Prkn
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (1)
Drer\prkn
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\pdr-1
12 of 15
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919066P )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Dmel\park
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00004271
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD12138
Drosophila sechellia
Dsec\GM22162
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG13257
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE22356
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE28149
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF10184
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA10370
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL24602
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK17374
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ11442
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI12208
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH16528
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091504CS )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17026217
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002148
Lucilia cuprina
Australian sheep blowfly
Lcup\FF38_06888
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes000888
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL018318
Anopheles darlingi
American malaria mosquito
Adar\ADAC006251
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Agam\AGAP006580
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ014867
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0507 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2167779268
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC412975
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP16492
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15209068
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH12783
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0011b5
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004971
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_01801
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC013995
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM233570
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC006069
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC007452
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI007369
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_15254
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X05ZB )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strigamia maritima
European centipede
Smar\SMAR011388
Ixodes scapularis
Black-legged tick
Isca\ISCW013634
Stegodyphus mimosarum
African social velvet spider
Smim\KFM56690.1
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur08g04740
Daphnia pulex
Water flea
Dpux\DAPPUDRAFT_221739
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G09PU )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Spur\Sp-Park2
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Ggal\PARK2
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v7.1)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (4)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
ari-1
1 of 10
ari-2
1 of 10
CG12362
1 of 10
CG33144
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 16 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
parkJF01200
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Srivastav et al., 2015)
parkΔ21
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA with park25
(Zhu et al., 2015)
CEA with park1
(Chen et al., 2017)
park1
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA with parkΔ21
(Chen et al., 2017, Wu et al., 2013)
CEA
(Ng et al., 2017, Wang et al., 2016, Wu et al., 2014, Kim et al., 2012, Ng et al., 2012, Wang et al., 2007, Park et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2005)
model of  Parkinson's disease 2
CEC
(Basil et al., 2017)
park13
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Greene et al., 2003)
model of  cardiomyopathy
CEA
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
park2
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Cha et al., 2005)
park25
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Celardo et al., 2017, Julienne et al., 2017, Lehmann et al., 2016, Cagin et al., 2015, Gao et al., 2015, Bingol et al., 2014, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Vincow et al., 2013, Vincent et al., 2012, Fernandes and Rao, 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Tain et al., 2009, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2003)
CEA with parkZ3678
(Vincent et al., 2012)
CEA with parkZ472
(Poole et al., 2008)
CEA with Vps35E42
(Malik et al., 2015)
CEA with Vps35MH20
(Malik et al., 2015)
model of  Parkinson's disease 2
CEA
(Cackovic et al., 2018, Zanon et al., 2017)
park45
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Greene et al., 2003)
parkZ3678
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA with park25
(Vincent et al., 2012)
parkZ4437
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Greene et al., 2003)
parkZ472
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA with park25
(Poole et al., 2008)
parkc00062
model of  opportunistic bacterial infectious disease
CEA
(Manzanillo et al., 2013)
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Srivastav et al., 2015)
parkdsRNA.UAS
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)
parkGD5543
model of  Parkinson's disease
CEA
(Cornelissen et al., 2014)
parkf01950
model of  opportunistic bacterial infectious disease
CEA
(Manzanillo et al., 2013)
parkHMS01651
model of  cardiomyopathy
CEA
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
parkHMS01800
model of  cardiomyopathy
CEA
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
PRKN; parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
model of  ovarian cancer
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
model of  Parkinson's disease 2
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
model of  lung cancer
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 11 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
park1
model of  Parkinson's disease
is ameliorated by GstO1UAS.cKa
(Kim et al., 2012)
is ameliorated by AMPKαTD.UAS
(Ng et al., 2012)
is ameliorated by Ucp4AUAS.cWa
(Wu et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by srlUAS.cTa
(Ng et al., 2017)
model of  Parkinson's disease 2
is ameliorated by Hsap\AFDNUAS.cBa
(Basil et al., 2017)
park25
model of  Parkinson's disease
is ameliorated by Sod2UAS.cMa
(Vincent et al., 2012)
is ameliorated by CatUAS.cAa
(Vincent et al., 2012)
is ameliorated by Hsap\BNIP3LUAS.cGa
(Gao et al., 2015)
is ameliorated by simaHMS00833
(Cagin et al., 2015)
is exacerbated by ShmtGD8851
(Celardo et al., 2017)
is ameliorated by ShmtUAS.Tag:HA
(Celardo et al., 2017)
is ameliorated by NmdmcUAS.Tag:HA
(Celardo et al., 2017)
is exacerbated by NmdmcKK102478
(Celardo et al., 2017)
is exacerbated by crcKK111018
(Celardo et al., 2017)
is ameliorated by foxoUAS.cFa
(Tain et al., 2009)
is ameliorated by Lrrke03680
(Tain et al., 2009)
is ameliorated by ThorUAS.cMa
(Tain et al., 2009)
is exacerbated by GstS1EP2223
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
is exacerbated by GstS1k09303
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
is exacerbated by GstS104227
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
is exacerbated by GstS1k08805
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
is ameliorated by Usp30NIG.3016R
(Bingol et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by Hsap\PRKNUAS.cYa
(Poole et al., 2008)
is ameliorated by Opa1s3475
(Poole et al., 2008)
is ameliorated by Opa1f02779
(Poole et al., 2008)
is ameliorated by ParpCH1
(Lehmann et al., 2016)
is ameliorated by Hsap\FBXO7UAS.cBa
(Burchell et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by Hsap\VPS35D620N.UAS
(Malik et al., 2015)
is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\CLUHUASp.cSa
(Sen et al., 2015)
is NOT ameliorated by cluUASp.cSa
(Sen et al., 2015)
is ameliorated by MarfKK105681
(Celardo et al., 2016)
is ameliorated by PEKGD5584
(Celardo et al., 2016)
is NOT ameliorated by ND-42UAS.Tag:HA
(Pogson et al., 2014)
is NOT ameliorated by ND-42UAS.cBa
(Pogson et al., 2014)
is NOT ameliorated by sicilyUAS.cZa
(Pogson et al., 2014)
is NOT ameliorated by TER94UAS.cRa
(Kim et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by MTF-1UAS.cSa
(Saini et al., 2011)
is ameliorated by MTF-1αTub84B.PS
(Saini et al., 2011)
is ameliorated by Hsap\MTF1UASp.cBa
(Saini et al., 2011)
is ameliorated by MtnAαTub84B.PS
(Saini et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by MTF-1140-1R
(Saini et al., 2011)
is NOT ameliorated by Hsap\TRAP1UAS.cBa
(Zhang et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by Trap1UAS.cCa
(Costa et al., 2013)
model of  Parkinson's disease 2
is ameliorated by Stoml2UAS.cZa
(Zanon et al., 2017)
is ameliorated by Hsap\STOML2UAS.cZa
(Zanon et al., 2017)
is exacerbated by Stoml2GD16706
(Zanon et al., 2017)
parkUAS.Tag:MYC
ameliorates  Parkinson's disease
modeled by Pink1B9
(Park et al., 2006)
parkUAS.cGa
ameliorates  Parkinson's disease
modeled by Pink1B9
(Pogson et al., 2014, Hao et al., 2010, Poole et al., 2008)
parkUAS.cHa
ameliorates  Parkinson's disease
modeled by Hsap\SNCAUAS.cFa
(Haywood and Staveley, 2004)
parkZ472
model of  Parkinson's disease
is ameliorated by GstS1UASp.cWa
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
parkdsRNA.UAS
exacerbates  Parkinson's disease
modeled by Hsap\GPR37UAS.cYa
(Yang et al., 2003)
parkGD5543
model of  Parkinson's disease
is ameliorated by Usp32GD5871
(Cornelissen et al., 2014)
parkHMS01651
ameliorates  Machado-Joseph disease
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Tsou et al., 2015)
model of  cardiomyopathy
is ameliorated by Sod1UAS.cWa
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by CG6878KK108566
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by Sod2UAS.cMa
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by MarfmiRNA.cUa.UAS
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
parkHMS01800
model of  cardiomyopathy
is ameliorated by Sod1UAS.cWa
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by CG6878KK108566
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by Sod2UAS.cMa
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
is ameliorated by MarfmiRNA.cUa.UAS
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
parkUAS.Tag:FLAG
ameliorates  neurodegenerative disease
modeled by trpP365
(Huang et al., 2016)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
PRKN; parkin RBR E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
15 of 15
602544
 
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Dmel gene
Ortholog showing functional complementation
Supporting References
park
Hsap\PRKN
(Poole et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2007)
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
Select Layout:
Legend:
Protein
RNA
Selected Interactor(s)
Interactions Browser
View in Interactions Browser
Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
protein-protein
Physical Interaction
Assay
References
park
enzymatic study, anti tag western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
(Tan et al., 2018, Bae et al., 2007)
park - Hsap\TAF15
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Kim et al., 2019)
park - Marf
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Yun et al., 2014, Poole et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010)
park - Pink1
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Sen et al., 2015, Whitworth et al., 2008)
park - Sep1
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Bae et al., 2007)
park - Sep4
pull down, anti tag western blot
(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)
park - ari-1
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Tan et al., 2018)
park - ari-2
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Tan et al., 2018)
park - clu
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Sen et al., 2015)
park - eIF4E1
pull down, western blot
(Ottone et al., 2011)
park - elgi
two hybrid
(Zhong et al., 2005)
park - koi
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Tan et al., 2018)
park - pelo
anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Wu et al., 2018)
park - pix
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
(Wu et al., 2018)
park - pnut
anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot
(Bae et al., 2007)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
View in Interactions Browser
Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
park
suppressible
AMPKα
(Ng et al., 2012)
park
suppressible
Ask1
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
enhanceable
Ask1
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
enhanceable
Atg1
(Sen et al., 2015)
mask|park
suppressible
Atg18a
(Zhu et al., 2015)
park
enhanceable
ATPsynβ
(Kim et al., 2012)
park
suppressible
bsk
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
enhanceable
bsk
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
enhanceable
Buffy
(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)
park
suppressible
Buffy
(M'Angale and Staveley, 2017)
park
suppressible
Cat
(Vincent et al., 2012)
park
enhanceable
clu
(Wang et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015)
park
enhanceable
crc
(Celardo et al., 2017)
park
suppressible
Drp1
(Park et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2008)
park
suppressible
eIF4E1
(Ottone et al., 2011)
park
suppressible
foxo
(Tain et al., 2009)
park
suppressible
GIIIspla2
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
GstO2
(Kim et al., 2012)
park
enhanceable
GstO2
(Kim et al., 2012)
park
enhanceable
GstS1
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
GstS1
(Whitworth et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
heix
(Vos et al., 2012)
park
enhanceable
hep
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
hep
(Cha et al., 2005)
Pink1|park
suppressible
HtrA2
(Whitworth et al., 2008)
park
enhanceable
HtrA2
(Tain et al., 2009)
park
suppressible
Lrrk
(Tain et al., 2009)
park
suppressible
Marf
(Celardo et al., 2016, Bhandari et al., 2014, Deng et al., 2008)
Mul1|park
suppressible
Marf
(Yun et al., 2014)
park
suppressible
mask
(Zhu et al., 2015)
park
enhanceable
mask
(Zhu et al., 2015)
park
suppressible
MTF-1
(Saini et al., 2011)
park
enhanceable
Mul1
(Yun et al., 2014)
park
enhanceable
Nmdmc
(Celardo et al., 2017)
park
suppressible
Opa1
(Park et al., 2009, Poole et al., 2008)
park
suppressible
Parp
(Lehmann et al., 2016)
park
suppressible
PEK
(Celardo et al., 2016)
park
enhanceable
Pgam5
(Imai et al., 2010)
park
suppressible
Pgam5
(Imai et al., 2010)
park
suppressible
Pink1
(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)
park
enhanceable
Pink1
(Sen et al., 2015, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Fernandes and Rao, 2011)
park
enhanceable
puc
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
ref(2)P
(de Castro et al., 2013)
park
enhanceable
Shmt
(Celardo et al., 2017)
park
suppressible
sima
(Cagin et al., 2015)
park
suppressible
Sod1
(Bhandari et al., 2014)
park
suppressible
Sod2
(Bhandari et al., 2014, Vincent et al., 2012)
park
suppressible
Stoml2
(Zanon et al., 2017)
park
enhanceable
Stoml2
(Zanon et al., 2017)
park
suppressible
STUB1
(Chen et al., 2017)
park
enhanceable
TER94
(Kim et al., 2013)
park
suppressible
Thor
(Tain et al., 2009)
eIF4E1|park
suppressible
Thor
(Ottone et al., 2011)
park
suppressible
Traf4
(Cha et al., 2005)
park
suppressible
Trap1
(Costa et al., 2013)
park
suppressible
Ucp4A
(Wu et al., 2014)
park
suppressible
Usp30
(Bingol et al., 2014)
park
suppressible
Usp32
(Cornelissen et al., 2014)
park
suppressible
Vps35
(Malik et al., 2015)
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
ari-1
enhanceable
park
(Tan et al., 2018)
ari-1
suppressible
park
(Tan et al., 2018)
Atg1|trp
suppressible
park
(Huang et al., 2016)
bsk
enhanceable
park
(Cha et al., 2005)
bsk
suppressible
park
(Hwang et al., 2010)
clu
suppressible
park
(Wang et al., 2016)
clu
enhanceable
park
(Wang et al., 2016, Sen et al., 2015)
Ctr1B
suppressible
park
(Saini et al., 2010)
Dhpr
suppressible
park
(Zhou et al., 2019)
hep
suppressible
park
(Hwang et al., 2010)
l(2)gl
suppressible
park
(Goh et al., 2013)
Marf
suppressible
park
(Bhandari et al., 2014, Yun et al., 2014)
Pink1
suppressible
park
(Khalil et al., 2015, Zhu et al., 2015, Pogson et al., 2014, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, de Castro et al., 2013, Hao et al., 2010, Park et al., 2009, Deng et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Clark et al., 2006, Park et al., 2006)
Pink1
enhanceable
park
(Sen et al., 2015, Poole et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008)
puc
enhanceable
park
(Cha et al., 2005)
Ret
suppressible
park
(Klein et al., 2014)
rho-7
enhanceable
park
(Whitworth et al., 2008)
rho-7
suppressible
park
(Whitworth et al., 2008)
Sep4
enhanceable
park
(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)
Sep4
suppressible
park
(Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007)
sima
suppressible
park
(Cagin et al., 2015)
Stoml2
suppressible
park
(Zanon et al., 2017)
Stoml2
enhanceable
park
(Zanon et al., 2017)
tam
suppressible
park
(Humphrey et al., 2012)
Traf4
suppressible
park
(Cha et al., 2005)
trp
suppressible
Pink1|park
(Huang et al., 2016)
vtd
enhanceable
park
(Liu et al., 2016)
vtd
suppressible
park
(Liu et al., 2016)
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
External Data
Linkouts
KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3L
Recombination map
3-47
Cytogenetic map
78C2-78C2
Sequence location
3L:21,194,754..21,196,853 [-]
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
78C2-78C2
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}chbEP3403 and P{PZ}ppl00217
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
78B2-78D2
(Pallanck, 2000.3.3)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
3-47
(FlyBase, 2016)
3-43.8
(Comeron et al., 2012)
3-
(Greene et al., 2000)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
maps to 3L
(Greene et al., 2000)
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (16)
Genomic Clones (21)
cDNA Clones (25)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequences
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 
polyclonal
(Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Other Information
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identify of
Source for database merge of
Source for merge of: parkin CG10523
(FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments
Source for merge of parkin CG10523 was sequence comparison ( date:020502 ).
(FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
park is required for the regulation of tubulin levels.
(Kim et al., 2012)
The condition of park mutants raised on zinc-supplemented food is greatly improved.
(Saini and Schaffner, 2010)
Flies mutant for park show significantly reduced lifespan but no difference in dopamine neuron numbers when raised on food supplemented with environmental pesticides or mitochondrial toxins.
(Saini et al., 2010)
The increased lifespan of park mutants is due to metal chelation.
(Saini et al., 2010)
park mutants display increased vulnerability to environmental pesticides and mitochondrial toxins associated with Parkinson's disease.
(Saini et al., 2010)
park gene function is necessary for mitochondrial morphogenesis during earlier and later phases of spermiogenesis.
(Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)
In park mutants, the investment cones are scattered along the post-elongated spermatid bundles and fail to act properly in the process of sperm individualization.
(Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007)
The level of dopamine is significantly reduced in park mutants compared to controls.
(Cha et al., 2005)
Inhibition of park leads to a reduction of phospho-Akt levels.
(Yang et al., 2005)
park appears to have a role in mitochondrial function.
(Greene et al., 2003)
Origin and Etymology
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 64 )
Sequence Crossreferences
NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
Other crossreferences
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
Synonyms and Secondary IDs (21)
Reported As
Symbol Synonym
AAN12155.1
(Eisenhaber et al., 2007)
CG10523
(Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Kahle et al., 2000)
Dpark
(Lee et al., 2011)
PARK
(Fernius et al., 2017)
PARK2
(Dalla Vecchia et al., 2019)
PARKIN
(Tower, 2015)
PK
(Wang et al., 2007)
Park
(Kuo et al., 2018, Chen et al., 2017, Ma et al., 2014, Navarro et al., 2014)
Parkin
(Lin et al., 2019, Basso et al., 2018, Xiong and Yu, 2018, Kim et al., 2017, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2017, Chen et al., 2016, Voigt et al., 2016, Gehrke et al., 2015, Lesnik et al., 2015, Ramirez et al., 2015, Tsou et al., 2015, Vos et al., 2015)
SD01679
(Lee et al., 2003)
dPARKIN
(Breger and Fuzzati Armentero, 2019)
dParkin
(Wu et al., 2018, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014)
dpark
(Sang et al., 2007)
dpk
(Ma et al., 2014, Pesah et al., 2004)
park
(Aryal and Lee, 2019, Bajracharya et al., 2019, Bouska et al., 2019, Doktór et al., 2019, Doktór et al., 2019, Gumeni et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Qiu et al., 2019, Vincow et al., 2019, von Stockum et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Zhou et al., 2019, Bajracharya and Ballard, 2018, Baranski et al., 2018, Chakraborty et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2018, Liu et al., 2018, Steyaert et al., 2018, Tan et al., 2018, Thomas et al., 2018, Celardo et al., 2017, Galluzzi et al., 2017, Ketosugbo et al., 2017, Martinez et al., 2017, Ng et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Zanon et al., 2017, Bajracharya and Ballard, 2016, Celardo et al., 2016, Dwivedi and Lakhotia, 2016, Sung et al., 2016, Cagin et al., 2015, Gao et al., 2015, Khalil et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Malik et al., 2015, Srivastav et al., 2015, Srivastav et al., 2015, Bhandari et al., 2014, Bingol et al., 2014, Klein et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2014, Pogson et al., 2014, Politi et al., 2014, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Wu et al., 2014, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Costa et al., 2013, de Castro et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Vos et al., 2013, Wu et al., 2013, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Humphrey et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Kim et al., 2012, Munoz-Soriano et al., 2012, Pezzulo et al., 2012, Pimenta de Castro et al., 2012, Vincent et al., 2012, Vos et al., 2012, Fernandes and Rao, 2011, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Saini et al., 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Lorbeck et al., 2010, Saini and Schaffner, 2010, Saini et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010, Cox and Spradling, 2009, Park et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2008, Poole et al., 2008, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Kuo et al., 2006, Park et al., 2006, Cha et al., 2005)
park1
(Basil et al., 2017)
parkin
(Lee et al., 2018, Wang et al., 2018, Koehler et al., 2017, Ortega-Arellano et al., 2017, Langston et al., 2016, Zhuang et al., 2016, Lepesant, 2015, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Navarro et al., 2014, Piccirillo et al., 2014, Chan and McQuibban, 2013, Frank et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Poole et al., 2010, Whitworth et al., 2008, Yun et al., 2008, Haywood and Staveley, 2006)
pk
(Ng et al., 2012)
Name Synonyms
D-parkin
(Greene et al., 2002, Greene et al., 2001, Greene et al., 2000)
Parkin
(Dung and Thao, 2018, Sun et al., 2018, Cao et al., 2017, Zhu et al., 2017, Liu et al., 2016, Von Stockum et al., 2016, Senyilmaz et al., 2015, Tsou et al., 2015, Ivatt et al., 2014, Mulakkal et al., 2014, Shiba-Fukushima et al., 2014, Tsai et al., 2014, Chen and Dorn, 2013, de Castro et al., 2013, Lenz et al., 2013, Rallis et al., 2013, Rana et al., 2013, Song et al., 2013, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Fabian and Brill, 2012, Liu et al., 2012, Nezis, 2012, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2011, Liu and Lu, 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010, Venderova et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2008, Yang et al., 2008, Bae et al., 2007, Tain et al., 2007, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Bier, 2006, Biskup, 2006, Hodgkin, 2000)
Parkin F
(Brookheart et al., 2017)
dParkin
(Song et al., 2013, Liu et al., 2012, Yang et al., 2008, Bier, 2006, Yang et al., 2006, Yang et al., 2003)
dparkin
(Hwang et al., 2010, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007, Zhong et al., 2005)
parkin
(Kim et al., 2019, Ortega-Arellano et al., 2019, Yadav and Srikrishna, 2019, Shao et al., 2018, Valadas et al., 2018, Basil et al., 2017, M'Angale and Staveley, 2017, Meng et al., 2017, Wangler et al., 2017, Zhang et al., 2017, Brooks et al., 2016, Kandul et al., 2016, Lehmann et al., 2016, Liu et al., 2016, Spinazzi and De Strooper, 2016, Sung et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Wang et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2016, Gehrke et al., 2015, Johnson et al., 2015, Khalil et al., 2015, Liu et al., 2015, Malik et al., 2015, Sen et al., 2015, van der Merwe et al., 2015, Vanhauwaert and Verstreken, 2015, Wang et al., 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, West et al., 2015, Zhu et al., 2015, Cornelissen et al., 2014, Hwang et al., 2014, Ma et al., 2014, Tufi et al., 2014, Yun et al., 2014, Bonilla-Ramirez et al., 2013, Burchell et al., 2013, Chambers et al., 2013, Debattisti and Scorrano, 2013, Esposito et al., 2013, Goh et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2013, Manzanillo et al., 2013, Rana et al., 2013, Spratt et al., 2013, Vincow et al., 2013, Yacobi-Sharon et al., 2013, Elliott and Sparrow, 2012, Guo, 2012, Humphrey et al., 2012, Kim et al., 2012, Koh et al., 2012, Ng et al., 2012, Pimenta de Castro et al., 2012, Vilain et al., 2012, Vincent et al., 2012, Lee et al., 2011, Ottone et al., 2011, Saini et al., 2011, Hao et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2010, Imai et al., 2010, Poole et al., 2010, Saini et al., 2010, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Ziviani et al., 2010, Lutz et al., 2009, Tain et al., 2009, Xun et al., 2009, Cox et al., 2008, Deng et al., 2008, Dodson et al., 2008, Kim et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Whitworth et al., 2008, Guo et al., 2007, Korey, 2007, Muñoz-Soriano and Paricio, 2007, Riparbelli and Callaini, 2007, Wang et al., 2007, Clark et al., 2006, Kuo et al., 2006, Lin and Beal, 2006, Maricich and Zoghbi, 2006, Pallanck and Greenamyre, 2006, Greene et al., 2005, Greene et al., 2003, Fortini et al., 2000, Pallanck, 2000.3.3)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
  • FBgn0037054
Datasets (0)
Study focus (0)
Experimental Role
Project
Project Type
Title
References (290)