FB2025_02 , released April 17, 2025
Gene: Dmel\Atx2
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Atx2
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Ataxin-2
Annotation Symbol
CG5166
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0041188
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Gene Summary
Ataxin-2 (Atx2) encodes the ortholog of human gene ATXN2, which is implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia 2. It contributes to eye development, circadian behaviour, and microRNA function. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

dAtx2, l(3)06490, Atx-2, dSCA2, ATXN2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
88F4-88F4
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-57
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:15408423..15417277
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (21 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tyf; FB:FBgn0026083
(Zhang et al., 2013)
enables RNA binding
inferred from direct assay
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables mRNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000304339
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables RNA binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR045117, InterPro:IPR047575
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
Biological Process (15 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (14 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in chaeta development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
involved_in circadian regulation of translation
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:per; FB:FBgn0003068
(Zhang et al., 2013)
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:tyf; FB:FBgn0026083
(Zhang et al., 2013)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lim and Allada, 2013)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:tyf; FB:FBgn0026083
(Lim and Allada, 2013)
involved_in compound eye development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
involved_in compound eye photoreceptor development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lessing and Bonini, 2008)
involved_in habituation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sudhakaran et al., 2014, McCann et al., 2011)
involved_in locomotor rhythm
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013)
involved_in long-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018, Sudhakaran et al., 2014)
involved_in miRNA-mediated post-transcriptional gene silencing
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McCann et al., 2011)
involved_in oocyte differentiation
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
involved_in positive regulation of stress granule assembly
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
involved_in regulation of actin filament polymerization
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
involved_in regulation of olfactory learning
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sudhakaran et al., 2014, McCann et al., 2011)
involved_in regulation of synapse structural plasticity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(McCann et al., 2011)
NOT involved_in short-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Sudhakaran et al., 2014)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in stress granule assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000304339
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic stress granule
inferred from direct assay
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in ribonucleoprotein granule
inferred from direct assay
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoplasmic stress granule
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000304339
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
Belongs to the ataxin-2 family. (Q8SWR8)
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
Ataxin-2 (Atx2) encodes the ortholog of human gene ATXN2, which is implicated in spinocerebellar ataxia 2. It contributes to eye development, circadian behaviour, and microRNA function. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-07]
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
RNA binding protein that regulates various processes including circadian behaviors, actin filament formation, eye development and oocyte formation (PubMed:12524342, PubMed:28388438). Forms a complex with tyf and pAbp which functions in adult circadian pacemaker neurons to sustain circadian rhythms likely by switching between activator and repressor modes of post-transcriptional regulation via interaction with Lsm12a or me31B (PubMed:28388438). Forms an activator complex (Atx2-tyf activator complex) via association with Lsm12a and activates the TYF-dependent translation of per to maintain 24 hour periodicity in circadian locomotor behaviors (PubMed:28388438). Forms a repressor complex (Atx2-Not1 repressor complex) via the me31B-dependent association with Not1 to promote Not1-dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing and support high-amplitude circadian rhythms in a per-independent manner (PubMed:28388438). Regulates actin filament formation, though it does not directly assemble with actin filaments (PubMed:12524342). Required for oocyte specification and oocyte positioning in the female germline (PubMed:12524342). Also required for normal eye development and bristle morphology (PubMed:12524342).
(UniProt, Q8SWR8)
Summary (Interactive Fly)

multi-functional protein that binds DEAD box helicases of the Me31B family that associated with Argonaute and microRNA function - required for microRNA function and synapse-specific long-term olfactory habituation - assembles with polyribosomes and poly(A)-binding protein, a key regulator of mRNA translation

Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Atx2 for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q8SWR8)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.53

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Atx2-RB
FBtr0083099
NM_169657
4533
1084
Atx2-RC
FBtr0083100
NM_169658
4999
1023
Atx2-RD
FBtr0344377
NM_001300410
4935
1023
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Atx2-PB
FBpp0082555
117.6
1084
9.25
Q8SWR8
NP_732033
AAN13663
Atx2-PC
FBpp0082556
111.4
1023
8.15
A0A0B4LH64
NP_732034
AAN13664
Atx2-PD
FBpp0310750
111.4
1023
8.15
A0A0B4LH64
NP_001287339
AHN57338
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

1023 aa isoforms: Atx2-PC, Atx2-PD
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Homodimer (PubMed:28388438). In the circadian pacemaker neurons, core component of the Atx2-tyf activator complex composed of at least Atx2, tyf, pAbp, Lsm12a (PubMed:28388438). In the circadian pacemaker neurons, also a core component of the Atx2-Not1 repressor complex composed of at least Atx2, tyf, pAbp, me31B (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via PAM2 motif) with pAbp (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via N-terminus) with tyf independently of pAbp (PubMed:28388438). Forms a subcomplex composed of Atx2 and pAbP which can associate with the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs independently of tyf, Lsm12a or me31B (PubMed:28388438). Interacts with Lsm12a and me31B (PubMed:28388438).

(UniProt, Q8SWR8)
Domain

The PAM2 motif, and therefore interaction with pAbp, is essential for binding to the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs.

(UniProt, Q8SWR8)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Atx2 using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.58

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 7 -- 8
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 9 -- 10
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- pupal stage
organism
(Vianna et al., 2016)
adult stage | male
organism
(Vianna et al., 2016)
adult stage | female
organism
(Vianna et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

Two isoforms of Atx2 are differentially expressed. Atx2-RB is expressed at a low level throughout development. Levels of Atx2 increase about 8 times from the third instar larval to adult stages.

(Vianna et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | restricted
(Zhang et al., 2013)
l-LNv neuron
(Zhang et al., 2013)
LNd neuron
(Zhang et al., 2013)
DN1 neuron
(Zhang et al., 2013)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
organism
(Vianna et al., 2016)
third instar larval stage
larval central nervous system
(Vianna et al., 2016)
embryonic/larval fat body
(Vianna et al., 2016)
imaginal disc
(Vianna et al., 2016)
adult stage | female
ovary
(Vianna et al., 2016)
adult stage | male
testis
(Vianna et al., 2016)
Additional Descriptive Data

An antibody directed against the N-terminal part of Atx2-PB detects protein at all stages confirming that the upstream ATG is used. Levels are significantly higher in embryos and first instar larvae than in second instar larvae, third instar larvae, pupae, and adults. An antibody that detects both forms detects similar levels at all stages. Atx2 protein levels are higher in extracts from ovaries than in imaginal disc, CNS, fat body, or testis extracts.

(Vianna et al., 2016)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cytoplasmic stress granule
inferred from direct assay
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from direct assay
(Satterfield et al., 2002)
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Sarov et al., 2016)
located_in ribonucleoprotein granule
inferred from direct assay
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Atx2 in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 16 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 32 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Atx2
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Atx2
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB
lethal, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
lethal, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
lethal (with Atx206490)
lethal (with Atx2X1)
lethal (with Df(3R)Exel6174)
lethal | recessive
lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive
lethal - all die before end of pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
lethal - all die during P-stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
Sterility
Allele
female sterile | germline clone
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal circadian behavior, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal circadian behavior, with Scer\GAL4tim.PE
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal circadian rhythm | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4tim.UAS
abnormal learning, with Scer\GAL4GH146
abnormal learning, with Scer\GAL4GH146, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal learning, with Scer\GAL4VPN
abnormal learning | heat sensitive, with Scer\GAL4NP1227, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4Mz520
abnormal locomotor rhythm, with Scer\GAL4P2.4.Pdf
abnormal memory | adult stage
abnormal memory | adult stage, with Atx2X1/Atx206490
abnormal memory | adult stage (with Atx206490), with Atx2ΔcIDR
abnormal memory | adult stage (with Atx206490), with Atx2ΔmIDR
abnormal memory | adult stage (with Atx2X1), with Atx2ΔcIDR
abnormal memory | adult stage (with Atx2X1), with Atx2ΔmIDR
abnormal neuroanatomy | adult stage | somatic clone
abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
decreased cell number | conditional, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PD
increased cell death | somatic clone
some die during larval stage | recessive
some die during pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
uncoordinated, with Atx2UAS.cSa
uncoordinated, with Atx2X1
uncoordinated, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
visible, with Atx2UAS.cSa
visible, with Atx2X1
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
visible, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
visible | somatic clone
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
adult antennal lobe projection neuron | somatic clone
adult thorax & chaeta, with Atx2UAS.cSa
adult thorax & chaeta, with Atx2X1
border follicle cell | germline clone
eye, with Atx2UAS.cSa
eye, with Atx2X1
eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye | somatic clone
eye disc, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
eye disc | somatic clone
eye photoreceptor cell | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
head, with Scer\GAL4ey.PB
interommatidial bristle | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
larval neuroblast | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4insc-Mz1407
macrochaeta | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
nurse cell & actin filament | germ-line clone
nurse cell & nucleus | germ-line clone
nurse cell | germline clone
ommatidium, with Atx2UAS.cSa
ommatidium, with Atx2X1
ommatidium | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
ommatidium | somatic clone
oocyte | germline clone
photoreceptor | conditional, with Scer\GAL4ninaE.PD
retina, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF
retina | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (2)
Hsap\ATXN2L
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\ATXN2
6 of 14
No
Yes
12  
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (2)
Rnor\Atxn2l
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Atxn2
6 of 14
No
Yes
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (2)
Mmus\Atxn2l
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Atxn2
7 of 14
No
Yes
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (3)
Xtro\atxn2
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\atxn2l
5 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\mfsd2a
1 of 13
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
Drer\atxn2l
10 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\atxn2
7 of 14
No
Yes
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\atx-2
7 of 14
Yes
Yes
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP013455
9 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (4)
Atha\CID3
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\CID4
6 of 13
Yes
Yes
Atha\AT4G26990
1 of 13
No
Yes
Atha\AT5G54920
1 of 13
No
Yes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
Scer\PBP1
5 of 13
Yes
Yes
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\SPBC21B10.03c
4 of 12
Yes
Yes
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:Atx2. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 7 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
ATXN2; ataxin 2
model of  late onset Parkinson's disease
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
model of  spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
IEA
(FlyBase, 2019-)
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 15 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Atx2GD11562
ameliorates  chromosome 16p11.2 deletion syndrome, 593-kb
modeled by Pp4-19CGD9561
(Iyer et al., 2018)
modeled by RphGD7330
(Iyer et al., 2018)
Atx206490
ameliorates  autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
modeled by Hsap\ATXN7102Q.T.UAS.Tag:NLS(SV40-largeT)
(Latouche et al., 2007)
ameliorates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
modeled by Hsap\SS18L1UAS.cKa
(Park et al., 2019)
Atx2EP3145
exacerbates  tauopathy
modeled by Hsap\MAPTV337M.UAS
(Shulman and Feany, 2003)
exacerbates  autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
modeled by Hsap\ATXN182.UAS
(Ghosh and Feany, 2004, Shulman and Feany, 2003)
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
exacerbates  neurodegenerative disease
modeled by Zzzz\CAG127Q.UAS.Tag:HA
(Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
exacerbates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
modeled by Hsap\TARDBPUAS.cEa
(Elden et al., 2010)
Atx2UAS.cSa
exacerbates  autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Lessing and Bonini, 2008, Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
modeled by Hsap\ATXN182.UAS
(Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
modeled by Hsap\ATXN182Q.UAS
(Al-Ramahi et al., 2007)
exacerbates  neurodegenerative disease
modeled by Zzzz\CAG127Q.UAS.Tag:HA
(Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
Atx2X1
ameliorates  autosomal dominant cerebellar ataxia
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Lessing and Bonini, 2008)
ameliorates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
modeled by Hsap\TARDBPUAS.cEa
(Elden et al., 2010)
model of  spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
is ameliorated by Atx2ΔcIDR
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
is ameliorated by Atx2ΔmIDR
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
is ameliorated by Atx2+t10.4
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
ameliorates  autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder
modeled by Nab2ex3
(Rounds et al., 2022)
modeled by Nab2EP3716
(Rounds et al., 2022)
Atx2DG08112
ameliorates  autosomal recessive intellectual developmental disorder
modeled by Nab2EP3716
(Rounds et al., 2022)
modeled by Nab2ex3
(Rounds et al., 2022)
Atx2HMS01392
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTN548.Q128.UAS
(Xu et al., 2019)
Atx2KK100423
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTN548.Q128.UAS
(Xu et al., 2019)
ameliorates  frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1
modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR50.UAS.EGFP
(Lee et al., 2016)
Atx2UAS.Tag:FLAG
exacerbates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTN548.Q128.UAS
(Xu et al., 2019)
Atx2ΔPAM2.UAS.Tag:FLAG
ameliorates  Machado-Joseph disease
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Xu et al., 2019)
Atx2HMS02726
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTN548.Q128.UAS
(Xu et al., 2019)
ameliorates  Machado-Joseph disease
modeled by Hsap\ATXN3tr.Q78.UAS.Tag:HA
(Xu et al., 2019)
Atx2+t10.4
ameliorates  spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
modeled by Atx2X1
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Atx2ΔmIDR
ameliorates  spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
modeled by Atx2X1
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
ameliorates  frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1
modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR50.UAS.EGFP
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Atx2ΔcIDR
ameliorates  spinocerebellar ataxia type 2
modeled by Atx2X1
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
ameliorates  frontotemporal dementia and/or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis 1
modeled by Zzzz\poly-GR50.UAS.EGFP
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
ameliorates  amyotrophic lateral sclerosis type 6
modeled by Hsap\FUSUAS.cBa.Tag:HA
(Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
Atx2KI.ΔcIDR-GFP
ameliorates  Huntington's disease
modeled by Hsap\HTTQ138.UAS.mRFP1
(Huelsmeier et al., 2021)
modeled by Hsap\HTTQ97.ex1.UAS
(Huelsmeier et al., 2021)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
ATXN2L; ataxin 2 like
10 of 14
607931
      ATXN2; ataxin 2
      6 of 14
      601517
       
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
      protein-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Atx2
      aggregation assay, molecular weight estimation by staining
      (Bakthavachalu et al., 2018)
      Atx2 - AGO1
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - CG10077
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - CG6701
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - CG7903
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - Dcr-2
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Nadimpalli et al., 2022)
      Atx2 - Dhx15
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - Fmr1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Sudhakaran et al., 2014)
      Atx2 - Larp4B
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - Lsm12a
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, two hybrid
      (Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Lee et al., 2017)
      Atx2 - Map205
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - Nab2
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Rounds et al., 2022)
      Atx2 - Not1
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Lee et al., 2017)
      Atx2 - Syp
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - Tdrd3
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - kel
      proximity-dependent biotin identification, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Mannix et al., 2019)
      Atx2 - me31B
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation
      (Lee et al., 2017)
      Atx2 - nito
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - pAbp
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, cosedimentation through density gradient
      (Petrauskas et al., 2024, Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013, Satterfield and Pallanck, 2006)
      Atx2 - qkr54B
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - qkr58E-3
      experimental knowledge based
      (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - rictor
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Vinayagam et al., 2016)
      Atx2 - sau
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, anti tag western blot, pull down, Identification by mass spectrometry
      (Sechi et al., 2021)
      Atx2 - tyf
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, experimental knowledge based
      (Nadimpalli et al., 2022, Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Guruharsha et al., 2011)
      Atx2 - wisp
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot
      (Nadimpalli et al., 2022)
      RNA-protein
      Physical Interaction
      Assay
      References
      Atx2 - 14-3-3ε
      proximity labelling technology, nucleotide sequence identification
      (Singh et al., 2021)
      Atx2 - Akh
      proximity labelling technology, nucleotide sequence identification
      (Singh et al., 2021)
      Atx2 - CaMKII
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Sudhakaran et al., 2014)
      Atx2 - Clk
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013)
      Atx2 - Gapdh1
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - Pdp1
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, primer specific pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013)
      Atx2 - cry
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - cwo
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Lim and Allada, 2013)
      Atx2 - cyc
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, primer specific pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013)
      Atx2 - per
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - sgg
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - slmb
      anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr
      (Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - tim
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, primer specific pcr, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013)
      Atx2 - vri
      anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr, primer specific pcr
      (Lee et al., 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013)
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      Interaction Browsers
      View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      Atx2
      suppressible
      Nab2
      (Rounds et al., 2022)
      Atx2
      suppressible
      pAbp
      (Lessing and Bonini, 2008)
      Atx2
      suppressible
      per
      (Zhang et al., 2013)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      kay
      enhanceable
      Atx2
      (Sun et al., 2006)
      lap
      enhanceable
      Atx2
      (Sun et al., 2006)
      me31B
      enhanceable
      Atx2
      (Lee et al., 2017)
      Nab2
      suppressible
      Atx2
      (Rounds et al., 2022)
      Not1
      enhanceable
      Atx2
      (Lee et al., 2017)
      pnr
      enhanceable
      Atx2
      (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
      External Data
      Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
      Homodimer (PubMed:28388438). In the circadian pacemaker neurons, core component of the Atx2-tyf activator complex composed of at least Atx2, tyf, pAbp, Lsm12a (PubMed:28388438). In the circadian pacemaker neurons, also a core component of the Atx2-Not1 repressor complex composed of at least Atx2, tyf, pAbp, me31B (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via PAM2 motif) with pAbp (PubMed:28388438). Interacts (via N-terminus) with tyf independently of pAbp (PubMed:28388438). Forms a subcomplex composed of Atx2 and pAbP which can associate with the 5' cap of pre-mRNAs independently of tyf, Lsm12a or me31B (PubMed:28388438). Interacts with Lsm12a and me31B (PubMed:28388438).
      (UniProt, Q8SWR8 )
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Metabolic Pathways
      FlyBase
      External Links
      External Data
      Linkouts
      KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
      Class of Gene
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-57
      Cytogenetic map
      88F4-88F4
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      88F4-88F4
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}MRG15j6A3 and P{PZ}l(3)0653606536
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      88F-89A1
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Pallanck, 2000.3.3)
      88F7-88F8
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-57

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-56.6

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (13)
      Genomic Clones (11)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (59)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
        Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

        For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

        cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
        BDGP DGC clones
        Other clones
        RNAi and Array Information
        Linkouts
        DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
        Antibody Information
        Laboratory Generated Antibodies
         

        polyclonal

        (Singh et al., 2021, Bakthavachalu et al., 2018, Lee et al., 2017, Vianna et al., 2016, Zhang et al., 2013)
        Commercially Available Antibodies
         
        Cell Line Information
        Publicly Available Cell Lines
         
          Other Stable Cell Lines
           
            Other Comments

            S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells.

            (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)

            RNAi generated by PCR using primers directed to this gene causes a cell growth and viability phenotype when assayed in Kc167 and S2R+ cells.

            (Boutros et al., 2004)

            Area matching Drosophila EST AI062939.

            (Davies, 2001.3.15)
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database merge of

            Source for merge of: Atx2 l(3)06490 BEST:GH27029

            (Satterfield et al., 2002)

            Source for merge of: Atx2 CG5166

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of: Atx2 anon-WO0118547.351 anon-WO0140519.1

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of: Atx2 anon- EST:fe2E1

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Additional comments

            Source for merge of Atx2 CG5166 was a shared cDNA ( date:030206 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of Atx2 anon-WO0118547.351 anon-WO0140519.1 was sequence comparison ( date:051113 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)

            Source for merge of Atx2 anon- EST:fe2E1 was sequence comparison ( date:030620 ).

            (FlyBase, 1996-)
            Nomenclature History
            Source for database identify of
            Nomenclature comments
            Etymology
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (30)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            ATX2
            (Patke et al., 2020, Du et al., 2018, Tataroglu and Emery, 2015, Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Latouche et al., 2007, Sofola et al., 2007, Satterfield and Pallanck, 2006)
            ATXN2
            (Ding et al., 2022, Ham et al., 2021)
            Ataxin-2
            (Sousa et al., 2023, Roselli et al., 2021)
            Atx-2
            (Golovin and Broadie, 2016, Costa et al., 2013, Das et al., 2013)
            Atx2
            (Peng et al., 2024, Perlegos et al., 2024, Raicu et al., 2024, Rangone et al., 2024, Nieken et al., 2023, Perlegos et al., 2023, Titus et al., 2023, Del Castillo et al., 2022, Palozzi et al., 2022, Rounds et al., 2022, Singh et al., 2022, Kao et al., 2021, Kim et al., 2021, Layalle et al., 2021, Liguori et al., 2021, López-Varea et al., 2021, Sechi et al., 2021, Singh et al., 2021, Bai and Suzuki, 2020, Delbare et al., 2020, Yusuff et al., 2020, Mannix et al., 2019, Meltzer et al., 2019, Xu et al., 2019, Kuznetsova et al., 2018, Hu et al., 2017.6.13, Lee et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Lee et al., 2016, Sarov et al., 2016, Vianna et al., 2016, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Sudhakaran et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Zhang et al., 2013, Rodriguez et al., 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Neumüller et al., 2011, Arancio et al., 2010, Elden et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Saj et al., 2010, Tastan et al., 2010, FlyBase Curators, 2008-, Stapleton et al., 2006)
            Atxain-2
            (Zhang et al., 2010)
            BEST:GH27029
            CG43368
            (Xu et al., 2015)
            CG5166
            (Kolkhof et al., 2017, Hosono et al., 2015, Costa et al., 2013, Schertel et al., 2013, Ni et al., 2011.7.19, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Bier, 2005, Boutros et al., 2004, Ghosh and Feany, 2004, Huntley and Golding, 2004, Driscoll and Gerstbrein, 2003, Driscoll and Gerstbrein, 2003, Shulman and Feany, 2003)
            CG5166a
            (Ruby et al., 2007)
            DAtx2
            (Del Castillo et al., 2019)
            Datx2
            (Jackson et al., 2002, Satterfield et al., 2002)
            GH27029
            (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002)
            SCA2
            (Kumar, 2000)
            Sca2
            (Pallanck, 2000.3.3)
            anon-EST:fe2E1
            anon-WO0118547.351
            anon-WO0140519.1
            atx-2
            (Costa et al., 2013)
            atx2
            (Huelsmeier et al., 2021, Buddika et al., 2020, Bakthavachalu et al., 2018, Zhang et al., 2018, Sudhakaran et al., 2014, Lessing and Bonini, 2008, Lessing and Bonini, 2007, Sofola et al., 2007, Lessing and Bonini, 2006, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
            dAtx2
            (Park et al., 2019, Vianna et al., 2016, McGurk et al., 2015, Rumpf et al., 2014, Bonini and Gitler, 2011, Al-Ramahi et al., 2007)
            dSCA2
            (Satterfield and Pallanck, 2001, Greene et al., 2000)
            l(3)06490
            (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
            Name Synonyms
            ATAXIN-2
            (Dubowy and Sehgal, 2017, Lim and Allada, 2013, Zhang et al., 2013)
            Ataxin 2
            (Ghosh and Feany, 2004)
            Ataxin-2
            (McGurk et al., 2015, Xu et al., 2015, Sudhakaran et al., 2014, Toret et al., 2014, Costa et al., 2013, Lawlor et al., 2011, Yu et al., 2011, Tountas and Fortini, 2007, Greene et al., 2000)
            Ataxin2
            (Xu et al., 2019)
            Dataxin-2
            (Sun et al., 2006)
            anon-fast-evolving-2E1
            ataxin-2
            (Moskalev et al., 2018, Vianna et al., 2016, Bonini and Gitler, 2011, Lawlor et al., 2011, Lessing and Bonini, 2006)
            dAtaxin-2
            (Al-Ramahi et al., 2007)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0010892
            • FBgn0025221
            • FBgn0038338
            • FBgn0044786
            • FBgn0062074
            • FBgn0063367
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            Study result (0)
            Result
            Result Type
            Title
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 72 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
            EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
            FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
            KEGG Pathways - A collection of manually drawn pathway maps representing knowledge of molecular interaction, reaction and relation networks.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            References (159)