FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\gem
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\gem
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
gemini
Annotation Symbol
CG30011
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0050011
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
23 publicly available
Gene Summary
Contribute a Gene Snapshot for this gene.
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
46F1-46F2
Sequence location
Recombination map
2-62
RefSeq locus
NT_033778 REGION:10124293..10137472
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (5 terms)
Molecular Function (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables DNA-binding transcription activator activity, RNA polymerase II-specific
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112980
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
enables DNA-binding transcription factor activity
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR040167
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
enables RNA polymerase II cis-regulatory region sequence-specific DNA binding
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112980
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Biological Process (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR040167
(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112980
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Cellular Component (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in nucleus
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000112980
(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
UNCLASSIFIED DNA BINDING DOMAIN TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS -
This group comprises DNA-binding transcription factors that do not classify under other domain-based transcription factor groups in FlyBase.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
4
Number of Unique Polypeptides
3

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\gem for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A1Z851)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.55

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.49

Gene model reviewed during 5.57

Gene model reviewed during 6.13

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
gem-RA
FBtr0089759
NM_165750
4930
919
gem-RC
FBtr0089758
NM_136712
6172
932
gem-RF
FBtr0339428
NM_001299342
1353
270
gem-RG
FBtr0346634
NM_165748
4514
919
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
gem-PA
FBpp0088700
101.1
919
6.39
Q8SY59
NP_724895
AAF58836
gem-PC
FBpp0088699
102.5
932
6.27
A1Z851
NP_610556
AAF58837
gem-PF
FBpp0308515
29.2
270
6.93
A0A0B4LG06
NP_001286271
AHN56069
gem-PG
FBpp0312214
101.1
919
6.39
Q8SY59
NP_724893
AAM68771
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

919 aa isoforms: gem-PA, gem-PG
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\gem using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.56

Transcript Expression
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\gem in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 4-6
  • Stages(s) 7-8
  • Stages(s) 9-10
  • Stages(s) 11-12
  • Stages(s) 13-16
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 10 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 12 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of gem
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of gem
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 0 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 0 )
Inferred from location ( 5 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (6)
Hsap\TFCP2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Hsap\TFCP2L1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\UBP1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\GRHL1
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GRHL2
2 of 14
No
No
Hsap\GRHL3
2 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (6)
Rnor\Tfcp2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Tfcp2l1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Ubp1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Rnor\Grhl2
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Grhl3
2 of 14
No
No
Rnor\Grhl1
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (6)
Mmus\Tfcp2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Mmus\Tfcp2l1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Ubp1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Mmus\Grhl1
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Grhl2
2 of 14
No
No
Mmus\Grhl3
2 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (7)
Xtro\tfcp2
9 of 13
Yes
Yes
Xtro\ubp1
6 of 13
No
Yes
Xtro\grhl2
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\grhl3
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\pigq
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\them6
1 of 13
No
No
Xtro\thoc5
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (7)
Drer\tfcp2
11 of 14
Yes
Yes
Drer\tfcp2l1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\ubp1
10 of 14
No
Yes
Drer\grhl1
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\grhl2a
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\grhl2b
2 of 14
No
No
Drer\grhl3
2 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
Cele\grh-1
1 of 14
Yes
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (2)
Agam\AgaP_AGAP007065
8 of 12
Yes
Yes
Agam\AgaP_AGAP005564
1 of 12
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:gem. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
Domainoid
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
SonicParanoid
Alignment
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (1)
grh
2 of 13
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    TFCP2; transcription factor CP2
    11 of 14
    189889
        TFCP2L1; transcription factor CP2 like 1
        10 of 14
        609785
            UBP1; upstream binding protein 1
            10 of 14
            609784
                Functional Complementation Data
                Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
                Interactions
                Summary of Physical Interactions
                esyN Network Diagram
                Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
                Show/hide secondary interactors 
                (data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
                Select Layout:
                Legend:
                Protein
                RNA
                Selected Interactor(s)
                Other Interaction Browsers
                View in FlyBase Interactions Browser   View in MIST tool (external link)
                Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
                protein-protein
                Physical Interaction
                Assay
                References
                gem - CG15514
                two hybrid array
                (Shokri et al., 2019)
                gem - CG3032
                two hybrid array
                (Shokri et al., 2019)
                gem - Neu2
                two hybrid array
                (Shokri et al., 2019)
                gem - Sry-β
                two hybrid array
                (Shokri et al., 2019)
                gem - ZIPIC
                two hybrid array
                (Shokri et al., 2019)
                Summary of Genetic Interactions
                esyN Network Diagram
                Other Interaction Browsers
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                Starting gene(s)
                Interaction type
                Interacting gene(s)
                Reference
                External Data
                Linkouts
                BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                Pathways
                Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
                Metabolic Pathways
                FlyBase
                External Links
                External Data
                Linkouts
                Class of Gene
                Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
                Chromosome (arm)
                2R
                Recombination map
                2-62
                Cytogenetic map
                46F1-46F2
                Sequence location
                FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Evidence for location
                46F1-46F2
                Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}Pfk06339&P{PZ}CCS03221 and P{lacW}Hr46k10308
                Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
                Cytogenetic map
                Notes
                References
                Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
                Location

                2-62

                (FlyBase, 2016)

                2-60.3

                (Comeron et al., 2012)
                Left of (cM)
                Right of (cM)
                Notes
                Stocks and Reagents
                Stocks (23)
                Genomic Clones (19)
                cDNA Clones (108)
                 

                Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

                cDNA clones, fully sequenced
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

                For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

                cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
                BDGP DGC clones
                Other clones
                RNAi and Array Information
                Linkouts
                DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                Antibody Information
                Laboratory Generated Antibodies
                 
                Commercially Available Antibodies
                 
                Cell Line Information
                Publicly Available Cell Lines
                 
                  Other Stable Cell Lines
                   
                    Other Comments
                    Relationship to Other Genes
                    Source for database merge of

                    Source for merge of: gem anon-AE003830.1

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)

                    Source for merge of: CG11867 CG3459

                    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                    Source for merge of: gem BcDNA:HL07889

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                    Additional comments

                    One or more of the processed transcripts for these genes contain several non-overlapping open reading frames (ORFs). The non-overlapping ORFs are represented by CG46319 (FBgn0284235) and CG30011 (FBgn0050011).

                    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2016)

                    Annotations CG11867 and CG3459 merged as gem in release 3 of the genome annotation.

                    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

                    Source for merge of gem anon-AE003830.1 was sequence comparison ( date:030925 ).

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)

                    Source for merge of gem BcDNA:HL07889 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

                    (FlyBase, 1996-)
                    Nomenclature History
                    Source for database identify of

                    Source for identity of: gem CG30011

                    (O'Day, 2003.2.10)
                    Nomenclature comments
                    Etymology
                    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
                    Datasets (0)
                    Study focus (0)
                    Experimental Role
                    Project
                    Project Type
                    Title
                    Study result (0)
                    Result
                    Result Type
                    Title
                    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 59 )
                    Sequence Crossreferences
                    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
                    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
                    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
                    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
                    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
                    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
                    Other crossreferences
                    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
                    BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
                    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
                    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
                    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
                    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
                    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
                    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
                    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
                    Linkouts
                    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
                    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
                    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
                    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
                    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
                    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
                    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
                    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
                    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
                    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
                    MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
                    References (76)