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Gene Dmel\pb

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pb	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	proboscipedia	Annotation symbol	CG31481
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0051481
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	62 publicly available
Also Known As	l(3)04498
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3R	Recombination map	3-47.5
Cytogenetic map	84A5-84A5	Sequence location	3R:2,533,518..2,567,785 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene proboscipedia is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pb (CG31481, FBgn0051481). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: specification of segmental identity, labial segment; proboscis development; specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment. 87 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system subdivision; adult segment; organ system; thoracic segment; appendage segment; external compound sense organ; integumentary specialisation; extended germ band embryo; imaginal precursor; non-connected developing system. It has 4 annotated transcripts and 4 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Homeobox; Homeobox protein, antennapedia type, conserved site; Homeobox, conserved site; Homeobox, eukaryotic; Homeodomain-like; Homeodomain-related. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of low expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1624703_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 4 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of pb. Gene sequence location is 3R:2533518..2567785.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	pb: proboscipedia Null alleles transform the labial palps of the adult into portions of the prothoracic leg. The distal tarsal segments are present, including claws and pulvilli. The distal portion of the first tarsal segment including the sex comb in males is fused directly to the proximal portion of the femur. Thus proximal first tarsus, tibia, and distal femur are absent. Leg segments proximal to femur are not present. Hypomorphic alleles produce a labial-palp-to-antenna transformation. Generally only more distal (arista) antennal structures are seen. Extremely weak hypomorphic alleles exist which produce no ostensible phenotype as homozygotes but do reveal a weak antennal transformation in combination with a deletion or null allele. Both null and hypomorphic alleles also show an alteration in maxillary palp morphology which has been interpreted as a transformation toward an antennal identity.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	Sequence features HFA12629 BKN29114 HFA12409
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 84A5-84A5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}lab01241 and P{PZ}pb04498
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 84A4-84A5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Ranz et al., 2001) 84A4-84A5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 84A4-84A5     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-47.5   3-47.7 (Duncan and Kaufman, 1975)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pb for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pb-RA FBtr0089276  NM_057321   3732   782 pb-RB FBtr0089277  NM_206441   3717   777 pb-RC FBtr0089278  NM_206440   3717   777 pb-RD FBtr0089279  NM_206439   3702   772
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	4.3 (northern blot) (Pultz et al., 1988)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pb-PA   FBpp0088333   83.7   782   6.63     NP_476669   AAF54089 pb-PB   FBpp0088334   83.2   777   6.77     NP_996163   AAS65120 pb-PC   FBpp0088335   83.2   777   6.68     NP_996162   AAS65119 pb-PD   FBpp0088336   82.7   772   6.72     NP_996161   AAS65118
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	798, 793, 788 (aa) (Cribbs et al., 1992)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeobox protein, antennapedia type, conserved site (IPR001827) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287) Homeobox, eukaryotic (IPR020479)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014297 AAF54089   AE014297 AAS65118   AE014297 AAS65119   AE014297 AAS65120   AE001572 AAD19802   AI541729   BI612152   BI627374   BI638385   BI638404   CK131560   CO177650   CO184365   CO189271   CO192074   CO271451   CO271623   CO284786   CO305880   CO315331   CO322445   CO326094   CO332953   CO333996   EC229093   EC245701   EC258988   EL884281   EL884411   EL884527   EL884528   EL884646   EL884647   G01164   S94705   S94709   S94714   S94717   S94719   S94723 AAA08526   X63728 CAA45271   X63729 CAA45272
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P31264
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References regulatory region FBsf0000161172 3R:2,549,095..2,559,518 evidence=experimental comment=position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator linked_to=HindIII-HindIII_rfrag (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161173 3R:2,567,278..2,567,883 comment=basal promoter element evidence=experimental (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161174 3R:2,561,615..2,565,446 comment=position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator evidence=experimental linked_to=BamHI-SalI_rfrag (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995, FlyBase, 1996-) regulatory region FBsf0000161175 3R:2,562,968..2,565,220 comment=position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator evidence=experimental linked_to=PvuI-XhoI_rfrag (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995, FlyBase, 1996-) regulatory region FBsf0000161176 3R:2,563,028..2,563,059 comment=r1r2 motif. Confers expression in labial discs evidence=experimental (Randazzo et al., 1991, Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161177 3R:2,562,126..2,562,973 comment=position of restriction fragment on reference sequence inferred by FlyBase curator evidence=experimental linked_to=XhoI-EcoRI_rfrag (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) regulatory region FBsf0000161178 3R:2,562,729..2,562,760 comment=r1r2 motif. Confers expression in labial discs evidence=experimental (Randazzo et al., 1991, Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage & larval stage & pupal stage     (Pultz et al., 1988)
Additional Descriptive Data
	bul transcripts are first detected in 2-4hr embryos, peak 6-8hr embryos, and diminish toward the end of embryogenesis. In larvae, they are most abundant at the second instar stage. They are detected throughout the pupal period with peak in the second 12 hours of pupal development. They are not detected in adults. (Pultz et al., 1988)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
No Assay Recorded Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   metathoracic segment of ventral nerve cord   (Cribbs et al., 1992) immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   embryonic labial segment   (Pultz et al., 1988) presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system | restricted   (Pultz et al., 1988) embryonic mandibular segment   (Pultz et al., 1988) embryonic/larval foregut   (Pultz et al., 1988) supraesophageal ganglion   (Pultz et al., 1988) mesothoracic segment of ventral nerve cord   (Cribbs et al., 1992) embryonic maxillary segment   (Pultz et al., 1988) subesophageal ganglion   (Pultz et al., 1988) embryonic stage 11   mesoderm   (Pultz et al., 1988) Comment:reference states 6 hr AEL stomodeum | posterior to   (Pultz et al., 1988) Comment:reference states 6 hr AEL embryonic stage 12   embryonic labial segment   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) embryonic maxillary segment   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) anterior ectoderm | ventral   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) embryonic brain | restricted   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) head mesoderm of embryonic mandibular segment   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) trunk mesoderm of embryonic prothoracic segment   (Rusch and Kaufman, 2000) third instar larval stage   labial disc   (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995)
Additional Descriptive Data
	Antp P1 control causes ectopic expression of pb in the ventral nerve cord of the posterior prothorax, mesothorax and metathorax in a pattern that closely resembles that of wild type Antp protein. Spatially correct but reduced pb protein expression is also observed. (Cribbs et al., 1992) pb protein expression was assayed with antibodies to a pb/lacZ fusion protein. pb protein is first detected between 5.5 and 6hrs in a group of nuclei in the presumptive mesoderm behind the stomodeum. pb protein expression in the mesoderm is dynamic and the expressing cells migrate away from the ventral midline, separating into two groups. After hour 7, expression is observed in 6-8 cells internal to each manidibular lobe. Subsequently, staining is observed in a group of cells that become positioned along the walls of the foregut. Staining is also observed in the labial and maxillary lobes. By the end of germ band retraction, staining in the labial lobes and sternal region is quite intense. Staining in the maxillary and mandibular lobes has also become intense. By about 10hrs, staining is also observed in a group of cells in the vicinity of the posterior foregut which are later found around the esophagus and proventriculus. Expression in the gnathal segments remains strong during head involution. pb protein begins to be expressed in the CNS in a pattern that becomes increasingly complex. It is expressed in a subset of cells in the supraesophageal ganglion, the subesophageal ganglion, and in the ventral nerve cord. Distinct patterns of pb expression are observed in the CNS of the thoracic segments, the first six abdominal segments, and the more posterior abdominal segments. (Pultz et al., 1988)
Marker for
	labial disc
Subcellular Localization
CV Term	nucleus (Pultz et al., 1988)
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0051481    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0051481 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of low expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 06-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0051481 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr  (194) embryo 08-10hr  (207) embryo 10-12hr  (192) embryo 12-14hr  (174) embryo 14-16hr  (179) embryo 16-18hr  (190) embryo 18-20hr  (188) embryo 20-22hr  (108) embryo 22-24hr  106 larva L1  (126) larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr  106 white prepupae 24hr  (155) pupae 2d postWPP  (131) pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0051481 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr  (194) embryo 08-10hr  (207) embryo 10-12hr  (192) embryo 12-14hr  (174) embryo 14-16hr  (179) embryo 16-18hr  (190) embryo 18-20hr  (188) embryo 20-22hr  108 embryo 22-24hr  106 larva L1  126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr  106 white prepupae 24hr  (155) pupae 2d postWPP  131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2 embryo 02-04hr    26 embryo 04-06hr    70 embryo 06-08hr    194 embryo 08-10hr    207 embryo 10-12hr    192 embryo 12-14hr    174 embryo 14-16hr    179 embryo 16-18hr    190 embryo 18-20hr    188 embryo 20-22hr    108 embryo 22-24hr    106 larva L1    126 larva L2    44 larva L3 12hr old    16 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    19 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    31 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    45 white prepupae new    45 white prepupae 12hr    106 white prepupae 24hr    155 pupae 2d postWPP    131 pupae 3d postWPP    46 pupae 4d postWPP    40 adult male 01day    56 adult male 05day    90 adult male 30day    88 adult female 01day    14 adult female 05day    4 adult female 30day    6 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0051481    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0051481 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Little or no expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0051481 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0051481 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    9.3 Larval Midgut    4.1 Larval Hindgut    2 Larval Malpighian Tubules    4.3 Larval Fat Body    6.5 Larval Salivary Gland    4.7 Larval Trachea    1.675 Larval Carcass    6.25 Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye    1.9 Adult Brain    5.6 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8 Adult Crop    6 Adult Midgut    3.2 Adult Hindgut    2.1 Adult Malpighian Tubules    3.1 Adult Fat Body    5.7 Adult Salivary Gland    2.7 Adult Heart    3.075 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1 Adult Ovary    3.4 Adult Testis    16.3 Adult Male Accessory Gland    5.1 Adult Carcass    7.6 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head no informative data Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    no informative data   NA  Eye    1.9   NA  Brain    5.6   9.3  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    16.8   NA  Crop    6   4.1  Midgut    3.2   2  Hindgut    2.1   4.3  Malpighian Tubules    3.1   6.5  Fat Body    5.7   4.7  Salivary Gland    2.7   NA  Heart    3.075   1.675  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.1   NA  Ovary    3.4   NA  Testis    16.3   NA  Male Accessory Gland    5.1   6.25  Carcass    7.6 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0051481 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31481-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal pbhs.PP lethal, with Scer\GAL469B pbScer\UAS.A lethal, with Scer\GAL471B pbScer\UAS.A lethal | female pbRev3.HSPB lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A lethal | recessive pb5 pb04498 pbRev7.HSPB pbRev13.HSPB Other Phenotypes Allele visible pb5 pb20 pb27 pbhs.PB pbhs.PBe pbhs.PP pbQ50K.hs pbQ50K.αTub84B pbRev3.HSPB pbαTub84B.PP visible (with pb2) pb20 visible (with pb3) pb20 visible (with pb4) pb20 visible (with pb5) pb20 visible (with pb10) pb20 visible (with pb11) pb20 visible (with pb13) pb20 visible (with pb14) pb20 visible (with pb18) pb20 visible (with pb20) pb2 pb3 pb4 pb5 pb10 pb11 pb13 pb14 pb18 pb35 pb40 visible (with pb35) pb20 visible (with pb40) pb20 visible | dominant pbhs.PB visible | heat sensitive pb1 pbhs.PB pbhs.PBe pbQ50K.hs visible | homeotic | somatic clone pb5 visible | male pbRev3.HSPB visible | recessive pb4 pb5 pb13 pb20 pb27 pbRev2.HSPB pbRev3.HSPB pbRev17.HSPB pbRev19.HSPB pbRev20.HSPB visible | recessive | heat sensitive pbRev3.HSPB pbRev17.HSPB visible | somatic clone pb27 pbunspecified visible | temperature conditional (with pb1) pb20 visible | temperature conditional (with pb20) pb1 wild-type pb+mSPL pbhs.PB pbΔPst pbΔSalKpn Phenotype manifest in Allele antenna pbαTub84B.PP pbQ50K.αTub84B pbRev19.HSPB pbRev2.HSPB pbRev20.HSPB pbhs.PB antenna, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A antenna | heat sensitive pbRev3.HSPB antennal sense organ | ectopic pbRev3.HSPB arista pbhs.PB arista | ectopic (with pb4) pb20 pb5 arista | ectopic (with pb5) pb4 arista | ectopic (with pb11) pb20 arista | ectopic (with pb13) pb20 arista | ectopic (with pb18) pb20 arista | ectopic (with pb20) pb11 pb13 pb18 pb4 arista | ectopic | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs arista | ectopic | heat sensitive, with pb20, pb27 pbQ50K.hs arista | ectopic | heat sensitive, with pb20, pbQ50K.hs pb27 arista | ectopic | heat sensitive, with pb27, pbQ50K.hs pb20 arista | ectopic | heat sensitive, with pb27/pb20 pbQ50K.hs arista | ectopic | heat sensitive (with pb20), with pbQ50K.hs pb27 arista | ectopic | heat sensitive (with pb27), with pbQ50K.hs pb20 arista | ectopic | temperature conditional (with pb1) pb20 arista | ectopic | temperature conditional (with pb20) pb1 crossvein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A dorsal row pbhs.PB embryonic head pbhs.PP embryonic head | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs embryonic tritocerebrum, with Scer\GAL4sca-537.4 pbScer\UAS.A extended germ band embryo pbhs.PP eye pbRev3.HSPB pbRev3.Rev14.hs pbRev3.hs eye, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A eye, with Scer\GAL4ey.PH pbScer\UAS.A eye | anterior pbhs.PB eye | heat sensitive pbRev17.HSPB pbRev3.HSPB eye | ventral pbhs.PB eye | ventral | heat sensitive pbhs.PBe fourth segment of antenna pbhs.PB gastric caecum primordium, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa head pbhs.PB head | posterior pbhs.PB imaginal disc, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A interommatidial bristle pbRev3.Rev14.hs pbRev3.hs pbhs.PB interommatidial bristle | heat sensitive pbhs.PBe labellar cap (with pb2) pb20 labellar cap (with pb4) pb20 labellar cap (with pb5) pb20 labellar cap (with pb10) pb20 labellar cap (with pb13) pb20 labellar cap (with pb14) pb20 labellar cap (with pb20) pb10 pb13 pb14 pb2 pb35 pb4 pb40 pb5 labellar cap (with pb35) pb20 labellar cap (with pb40) pb20 labellum pbΔKpn pbΔPvu pbΔSal pbΔXho pb1 pb10 pb11 pb12 pb13 pb14 pb15 pb16 pb17 pb18 pb19 pb2 pb20 pb21 pb22 pb23 pb24 pb25 pb26 pb27 pb29 pb3 pb30 pb31 pb32 pb33 pb34 pb35 pb36 pb37 pb38 pb39 pb4 pb40 pb5 pb6 pb7 pb8 pbIB6 pbIB9 pbc20 labellum (with pb4) pb5 labellum (with pb5) pb4 labellum | distal pb13 pb4 pb5 labellum | distal (with pb4) pb5 labellum | distal (with pb5) pb4 labellum | somatic clone pb5 pbunspecified labial disc pbΔPvu pb5 labial disc | somatic clone pb5 labial segment (with pb4) pb5 labial segment (with pb5) pb4 larval head pbhs.PP larval head | embryonic stage pbhs.PP leg, with Scer\GAL430A pbScer\UAS.A leg, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A leg | distal | heat sensitive pbhs.PBe leg | ectopic | somatic clone pb5 leg | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A macrochaeta & prementum pb31 pb32 macrochaeta | ectopic pbhs.PB maxillary palpus pbαTub84B.PP pb1 pb20 pb27 pb5 pbQ50K.αTub84B maxillary palpus (with pb1) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb2) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb3) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb4) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb5) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb10) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb11) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb13) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb14) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb18) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb20) pb1 pb10 pb11 pb13 pb14 pb18 pb2 pb3 pb35 pb4 pb40 pb5 maxillary palpus (with pb35) pb20 maxillary palpus (with pb40) pb20 maxillary palpus | ectopic pbhs.PB mesothoracic tarsal segment pbhs.PP mesothoracic ventral oblique muscle 2, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa metathoracic tarsal segment pbhs.PP metathoracic ventral acute muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa microchaeta & wing pbhs.PB midgut chamber 1, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa ommatidium pbRev3.Rev14.hs pbRev3.hs pbhs.PB ommatidium | heat sensitive pbhs.PBe posterior vertical bristle pbhs.PB proboscis pbαTub84B.PP pb1 pb20 pb27 proboscis (with pb3) pb20 proboscis (with pb11) pb20 proboscis (with pb18) pb20 proboscis (with pb20) pb11 pb18 pb3 proboscis & sex comb | ectopic pb27 proboscis | somatic clone pb27 proboscis | temperature conditional (with pb1) pb20 proboscis | temperature conditional (with pb20) pb1 prothoracic leg pbhs.PB pbhs.PP prothoracic leg & sex comb pbhs.PB prothoracic leg | distal pbhs.PB prothoracic leg | ectopic | somatic clone pbunspecified prothoracic leg | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs prothoracic tarsal segment pbhs.PP prothoracic tarsal segment | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs prothoracic ventral intersegmental muscle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa pseudotracheal sensillum pb4 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb2) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb3) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb4) pb13 pb20 pb5 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb5) pb20 pb4 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb10) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb11) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb13) pb20 pb4 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb14) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb18) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb20) pb10 pb11 pb13 pb14 pb18 pb2 pb3 pb35 pb4 pb40 pb5 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb35) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum (with pb40) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum | heat sensitive (with pb1) pb20 pseudotracheal sensillum | heat sensitive (with pb20) pb1 pulvillus | ectopic (with pb20) pb35 pb40 pulvillus | ectopic (with pb35) pb20 pulvillus | ectopic (with pb40) pb20 pulvillus | ectopic | somatic clone pb27 second segment of antenna pbhs.PB sex comb pbhs.PB pbhs.PP sex comb & prothoracic leg | conditional ts pbQ50K.hs sex comb | ectopic pb27 pbhs.PB sex comb | ectopic | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs sex comb | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs T1 beard pbhs.PP tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL430A pbScer\UAS.A tarsal segment, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A tarsal segment & mouthpart pbQ50K.αTub84B tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts, with pb20, pb27 pbQ50K.hs tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts, with pb20, pbQ50K.hs pb27 tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts, with pb27, pbQ50K.hs pb20 tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts, with pb27/pb20 pbQ50K.hs tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts (with pb20), with pbQ50K.hs pb27 tarsal segment & mouthpart | conditional ts (with pb27), with pbQ50K.hs pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb2) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb3) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb5) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb10) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb14) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb18) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb20) pb10 pb14 pb18 pb2 pb3 pb35 pb40 pb5 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb35) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic (with pb40) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic | somatic clone pb27 tarsal segment | ectopic | temperature conditional (with pb1) pb20 tarsal segment | ectopic | temperature conditional (with pb20) pb1 tarsal segment | heat sensitive pbQ50K.hs third segment of antenna pbRev3.HSPB pbhs.PB unguis | ectopic (with pb20) pb35 pb40 unguis | ectopic (with pb35) pb20 unguis | ectopic (with pb40) pb20 unguis | ectopic | somatic clone pb27 ventral row pbhs.PB visceral mesoderm, with Scer\GAL4how-24B pbScer\UAS.cMa wing pbhs.PB wing, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A wing & macrochaeta, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A wing margin, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 pbScer\UAS.A wing sensillum pbhs.PB wing vein, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 pbScer\UAS.A wing vein, with Scer\GAL4sd-SG29.1 pbScer\UAS.A wing vein L3 pbhs.PB wing vein L3 & macrochaeta pbhs.PB
Classical Alleles ( 50 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pb Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pb1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 9 Yes pb4 loss of function allele, hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 6 Yes pb5 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele gamma ray 5 Yes pb20 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 -- pb33 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 -- pb34 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 -- pb38 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 2 -- pb6 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence spontaneous 2 Yes pbSCB 2 Yes pb10 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb12 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb17 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb18 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb19 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb22 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 -- pb25 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb26 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 -- pb27 amorphic allele - genetic evidence, loss of function allele X ray 1 Yes pb29 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb2 amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 1 Yes pb30 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb35 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb36 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 -- pb3 amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray X ray 1 Yes pb40 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb7 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pb8 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 1 Yes pbIB6 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- pbIB9 amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 -- pb04498 P-element activity 1 -- pb11 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb13 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb14 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb15 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb31 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes pb9 X ray 1 -- pbd01745 1 -- pb16 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pb21 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pb23 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pb24 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pb37 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pb39 amorphic allele - genetic evidence X ray 0 -- pbc20 amorphic allele - genetic evidence 0 -- pbDr2 amorphic allele - genetic evidence diepoxybutane 0 -- pb32 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pbDr1 diepoxybutane 0 -- pbDr3 diepoxybutane 0 -- pbEr1 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pbunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 37 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pb Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion pbJF03274 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pbKK109114 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pbScer\UAS.A in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pbRev14.HSPB amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pb+mRa in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes pb+mSPL in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes pbGD8868 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbhs.PB in vitro construct - minigene in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbhs.PBe in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbhs.PP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbQ50K.hs in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes pbQ50K.Scer\FRT.αTub84B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - amino acid replacement in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes pbQ50K.αTub84B FLPase 0 Yes pbRev1.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev13.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pbRev14.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pbRev17.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev19.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev2.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev20.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev23.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev3.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pbRev3.HSPB loss of function allele ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev3.Rev14.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 0 Yes pbRev5.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbRev7.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- pbRev9.HSPB ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes pbScer\FRT.αTub84B in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbScer\UAS.cMa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes pbScer\UAS.hs in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes pbαTub84B.PP wild-type allele FLPase 0 Yes pbΔKpn in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pbΔPst in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pbΔPvu in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pbΔSal in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pbΔSalKpn in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes pbΔXho in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp-RX2 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)Antp-X1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Antp-X2 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Dfd13 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Dfdrv1 (Gonzalez-Reyes and Morata, 1991) Df(3R)MAP2 (Johnston et al., 1998, Merrill et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)MAP8 (Johnston et al., 1998, Diederich et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)MAP11 (Merrill et al., 1989) Df(3R)MAP13 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)MAP14 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)pb-X2 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)SCB-XL2 (Pultz et al., 1988) Df(3R)Scr (Johnston et al., 1998, Spradling et al., 1999, Kaufman et al., 1980, Lewis et al., 1980, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Merrill et al., 1989, Kaufman et al., 1990, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Lewis et al., 1980) Df(3R)Scx2 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kaufman et al., 1990, Long et al., 1996) Df(3R)WIN1 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)WIN3 (Kaufman et al., 1990) In(3)pb25 (Kaufman et al., 1990) In(3)pb28 (Cribbs et al., 1992) In(3LR)pb16 (Kaufman et al., 1990) In(3R)pb24 (Kaufman et al., 1990) In(3R)pb36 (Kaufman et al., 1990) T(2;3)MAP3 (Kaufman et al., 1990)
Not disrupted in	Df(3R)Antp1 (Lewis et al., 1980) Df(3R)Antp17 (Spradling et al., 1999, Kaufman et al., 1980, Lewis et al., 1980, Wakimoto et al., 1984, Kaufman et al., 1990, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, Lewis et al., 1980) Df(3R)dsx2D (Lewis et al., 1980) Df(3R)Hu (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)LIN (Johnston et al., 1998, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)MAP117 (Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)SCB-XL2 (Kaufman, 1994.10.5) Df(3R)Scx3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Df(3R)Scx4 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983, Kaufman et al., 1990) Df(3R)Tpl10 (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) Dp(3;3)Antp73b-rv8 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3)pb28 (Randazzo et al., 1991) In(3R)Antprv2 (Lewis et al., 1980) In(3R)Antprv9 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) In(3R)lab9 (Randazzo et al., 1991) In(3R)ScrWrv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv5 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)Antprv7 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) T(2;3)ScrWrv6 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv1 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983) Tp(3;3)Dfdrv3 (Hazelrigg and Kaufman, 1983)
Partially disrupted in	Df(3R)SCB-XL2 (Kaufman et al., 1990)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD8868} NA P{hsp70-pb.UAS} NA P{KK109114} NA P{TRiP.JF03274} NA P{UAS-pb.A} NA P{UAS-pb.M} NA reporter construct P{0.5+pbZR} No P{0.8+pbZR} No P{0.58+HZR} No P{0.60+HZR} No P{1.9+2.1+pbZR} No P{2.1+HZR} No P{2.1+pbZR} No P{2.1+pbZRH} No P{5.3+HZR} No P{10.6+HZR} No P{13.0+HZR} No P{en.pbZR} No P{pbG1/intron} No P{pbG1} No P{pbG2} No P{pbZR} No P{pbZRH} No P{r1r2+pbZR} No heat-shock construct P{Hsp70-cDNA} NA P{hsp70-pb.UAS} NA P{Hsp70-PBRev14} NA P{Hsp70-PBsans.yeux} NA P{Hsp70-PBsy;Rev14} NA P{hs-pb.P} NA P{hs-pb.Q50K} NA P{HSPB} NA characterization construct P{HSPBRev1} NA P{HSPBRev2} NA P{HSPBRev5} NA P{HSPBRev7} NA P{HSPBRev9} NA P{HSPBRev13} NA P{HSPBRev14} NA P{HSPBRev17} NA P{HSPBRev19} NA P{HSPBRev20} NA P{HSPBRev23} NA P{HSPBsans.yeux} NA P{pb+} NA P{pb-GAL4.J} NA P{SPL} NA P{ΔKpn} NA P{ΔPst} NA P{ΔPvu} NA P{ΔSal} NA P{ΔSalKpn} NA P{ΔXho} NA P{αTub84B(FRT.y+)pb.P} NA P{αTub84B(FRT.y+)pb.Q50K} NA P{αTub84B(-FRT)pb.P} NA P{αTub84B(-FRT)pb.Q50K} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{PZ}pb04498 No insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}pbd01745 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 7 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
proboscis development inferred from mutant phenotype (Tayyab et al., 2004) specification of segmental identity, labial segment inferred from mutant phenotype (Boube et al., 2000, Joulia et al., 2005) specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment inferred from mutant phenotype (Tayyab et al., 2004)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 6 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
sequence-specific DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR001356, InterPro:IPR017970 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) sequence-specific DNA binding transcription factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O43364 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.7.1)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
regulation of transcription from RNA polymerase II promoter inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O43364 (FlyBase, 1992-) specification of segmental identity, labial segment non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.7.1) specification of segmental identity, maxillary segment non-traceable author statement (Boube et al., 2000, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.7.1)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
nucleus inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:O43364 (FlyBase, 1992-) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1993.7.1)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pb allele Gene References pb4 MED17 (Boube et al., 2000) skd (Boube et al., 2000) tara (Calgaro et al., 2002) pb5 MED17 (Boube et al., 2000) skd (Boube et al., 2000) pb13 tara (Calgaro et al., 2002) pb27 exd (Percival-Smith and Hayden, 1998) pbhs.PB H (Boube et al., 1998) Ras85D (Boube et al., 1997, Boube et al., 1998) Scr (Boube et al., 2000) skd (Boube et al., 2000) ss (Kuzin et al., 1997) tara (Calgaro et al., 2002) pbhs.PP Scr (Percival-Smith and Bondy, 1999) pbRev3.HSPB ey (Callaerts et al., 2001, Benassayag et al., 2003) eyg (Benassayag et al., 2003) pbScer\UAS.A ey (Benassayag et al., 2003) unspecified ci (Joulia et al., 2005) ct (Johnston et al., 1998) d (Kaurov et al., 1978) hh (Joulia et al., 2005) skd (Bourbon et al., 1998)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66024 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0051481 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40826
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF17798 Dere\GG10269 Dgri\GH19484 Dmoj\GI24721 Dper\GL22046 Dpse\pb Dsec\GM10530 Dsim\GD19525 Dvir\GJ23937 Dwil\GK10831 Dyak\GE25834
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Camo\pb   Dhet\pb   Dpse\pb   Drep\pb (Ranz et al., 2001, Ranz et al., 2001) Dsub\pb
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP004648-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394125.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945225.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006400-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000028563 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSECAP00000001835 Equus caballus (horse) ENSP00000308252 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW021086-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMUSP00000091476 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001603788.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000014584 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) PHUM005240-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000009976 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 774292 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000015902 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) Smp_081620 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) NP_001107807.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) YALI0A18469g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15148 LH19808 ISCW021083 FBgn0242884 FBgn0211025 FBgn0191020 FBgn0165476 JGI_V11_44300 FBgn0243558 FBgn0159638 FBgn0147443 FBgn0126949 FBgn0102578 CPIJ001002 BGIBMGA006400 GB11988 AGAP004648 AAEL015111 PB20611 PHUM266910 GLEAN_00925
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 62 )
Bloomington	2255 pb6 Antp72j 2171 pb10/TM3, Sb1 2178 pb27/TM3, Sb1 7298 w1118; P{UAS-pb.A}49.1 2127 pb14 pp/TM3, Sb1 2135 pb29 pp/TM6B, Tb1 2136 pb30 pp/TM6B, Tb1 29595 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF03274}attP2 1908 Df(3R)SCB-XL2, pbSCB/TM3, Sb1
Harvard	- P{XP}pbd01745
Kyoto	106571 Df(3R)SCB-XL2, pbSCB/TM3, Sb1
VDRC	v105751 P{KK109114}VIE-260B
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR19D23 BACR19I14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 24 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LP10041 RH40558 RH68665 SD06789 SD20661 SD20683
Other clones	214531.58 EC27976 EC32787 EK043736 EK053963 EK103460 EK104058 EK166820 EK188142 EK249619 EK261053 EK305234 EK308548 EP03226 IP15609 IP15709 IP15809 IP15909
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0051481 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40826
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Cribbs et al., 1992)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: pb l(3)04498 (Spradling et al., 1999)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	Genetic analysis suggests that wild type pb functions to limit the response of wg to incoming hh signal. (Joulia et al., 2005) pb and ey have antagonistic roles in head development. (Benassayag et al., 2003) Annotation CG17880 renamed CG31481 in release 3 of the genome annotation. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) Phenotypic analysis of double mutants implicates ct in the regulation of expression and/or function of Antp and pb. (Johnston et al., 1998) Loss of exd activity is epistatic to loss of pb activity or loss of pb and Scr activity. (Percival-Smith and Hayden, 1998) Ectopic expression of pb can alter the developmental program of adult legs into maxillary or labial palps. These homeotic transformations have equal effect on all three sets of legs. Molecular events occurring downstream of the establishment of compartment boundary are affected by ectopic pb expression in imaginal discs. (Aplin and Kaufman, 1997) Eye loss can be induced by pb protein that no longer effectively bind to DNA. The dose-sensitive eye loss thus appears to be mediated by specific, context-dependent protein-protein interactions. (Benassayag et al., 1997) Ras85D is a positive modifier of pb activity, while the Ras85D-antagonist Gap1 has an opposite effect. (Boube et al., 1997) Effects of overexpression of ANTP-C genes on tarsal segmentation in ss mutants is studied. (Kuzin et al., 1997) Simultaneous removal of pb and Scr activity results in a proboscis-to-antenna transformation. Dominant negative pb molecules inhibit the activity of Scr indicating that pb and Scr interact in a multimeric protein complex in determination of proboscis identity. The absence of pb and Scr expression leads to antennal identity, expression of pb only leads to maxillary palp identity, expression of Scr only leads to tarsus identity and the expression of both pb and Scr leads to proboscis identity. (Percival-Smith et al., 1997) A phylogenetic analysis of the Antp-class of homeodomains in nematode, Drosophila, amphioxus, mouse and human indicates that the 13 cognate group genes of this family can be divided into two major groups. Genes that are phylogenetically close are also closely located on the chromosome, suggesting that the colinearity between gene expression and gene arrangement was generated by successive tandem gene duplications and that the gene arrangement has been maintained by some sort of selection. (Zhang and Nei, 1996) pb is required for the formation of the adult mouthparts, labial and maxillary palps. (Boube et al., 1995) Quantitative aspects of pb function are important in determining segmental identity, including cross regulatory events involved in this determination. (Cribbs et al., 1995) A conserved region located in the second intron of pb is essential for proper formation of the adult mouthparts. The upstream DNA of pb appears to contain negative regulatory DNA required for silencing pb product accumulation in inappropriate domains of third instar imaginal discs. (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) Sequences contained in a pb minigene are capable of suppressing a w marker located in a P-element vector. Regions of pb have been identified that are able to repress w gene in a manner that is sensitive to homolog pairing, pairing sensitive (PS) regions. These PS regions are important for the developmental regulation of pb. (Kapoun and Kaufman, 1995) Experiments with heat shock constructs show that the pb product interacts with the Scr product. (Percival-Smith and Gilfoyle, 1995) The homologs of Antp, ftz, Scr, Dfd, Ama, bcd, zen, pb and lab, but not zen2 are all present in D.pseudoobscura.pseudoobscura, in the same linear order and similarly spaced along the chromosome as in D.melanogaster. (Randazzo et al., 1993) Comparative analysis of the homeobox sequences reveals the subdivision of the Antp-type homeobox genes into three classes early in metazoan evolution, one includes Abd-B, the second includes abd-A, Ubx, Antp, Scr, Dfd and ftz, and the third includes zen, zen2, pb and lab. (Schubert et al., 1993) A structural analysis of the pb transcriptional unit has been carried out. (Cribbs et al., 1992) The pb protein is capable of participating in negative regulation of the more posteriorly expressed Antp, as well as serving a homeotic selector function in the head. (Cribbs et al., 1992) Flies carrying a deletion of pb survive to adulthood and have a pb null phenotype. (Kaufman et al., 1990) Null alleles transform the labial palps of the adult into portions of the prothoracic leg. The distal tarsal segments are present, including claws and pulvilli. The distal portion of the first tarsal segment including the sex comb in males is fused directly to the proximal portion of the femur. Thus proximal first tarsus, tibia and distal femur are absent. Leg segments proximal to femur are not present. Hypomorphic alleles produce a labial-palp-to-antenna transformation. Generally only more distal (arista) antennal structures are seen. Extremely weak hypomorphic alleles exist which produce no ostensible phenotype as homozygotes but do reveal a weak antennal transformation in combination with a deletion or null allele. Both null and hypomorphic alleles also show an alteration in maxillary palp morphology which has been interpreted as a transformation toward an antennal identity.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057321 NM_206439 NM_206440 NM_206441 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476669 NP_996161 NP_996162 NP_996163 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAA08526 AAD19802 AAF54089 AAS65118 AAS65119 AAS65120 AE001572 CAA45271 CAA45272 G01164 S94705 S94709 S94714 S94717 S94719 S94723 X63728 X63729 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 40826 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P31264
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Homeobox, conserved site (IPR017970) Homeobox (IPR001356) Homeobox protein, antennapedia type, conserved site (IPR001827) Homeodomain-like (IPR009057) Homeodomain-related (IPR012287) Homeobox, eukaryotic (IPR020479)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 66024 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0051481 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0051481 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0051481 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG31481-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0051481 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 40826 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AGAP004648-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_394125.3 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001945225.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA006400-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000028563 Bos taurus (bovine) ENSECAP00000001835 Equus caballus (horse) ENSP00000308252 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW021086-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) ENSMUSP00000091476 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001603788.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000014584 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) PHUM005240-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000009976 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) 774292 Populus trichocarpa (black cottonwood) ENSPTRP00000015902 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) Smp_081620 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) NP_001107807.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) YALI0A18469g Yarrowia lipolytica (nonconventional yeast) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /segment/probosci.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 40826 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0051481 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15148 LH19808 ISCW021083 FBgn0242884 FBgn0211025 FBgn0191020 FBgn0165476 JGI_V11_44300 FBgn0243558 FBgn0159638 FBgn0147443 FBgn0126949 FBgn0102578 CPIJ001002 BGIBMGA006400 GB11988 AGAP004648 AAEL015111 PB20611 PHUM266910 GLEAN_00925 REDfly - A database of transcriptional regulatory elements. • FBgn0051481
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 12 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	BG:DS01719.1   CG17880   CG31481 (Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Perkins et al., 2009, Macdonald and Long, 2006) Dmpb (DeSalle et al., 2003) l(3)04498 (Meister and Braun, 1995.10, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999, ) pb (Sanders et al., 2008, Pearson et al., 2005, Zdobnov and Bork, 2007, Negre and Ruiz, 2007, Kumar and Anderson, 2007, Wang et al., 2006, Ogishima and Tanaka, 2007, Sandmann et al., 2007, Joulia et al., 2006, Roy et al., 2007, Stark et al., 2007, Kaufman et al., 2002, Duboule, 2007, Kwong et al., 2008, Riede, 2004, Coiffier et al., 2008, Beisel et al., 2007, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Casillas et al., 2006, Bantignies et al., 2011, Gambetta et al., 2009, Tayyab et al., 2004, Percival-Smith et al., 2005, Negre et al., 2005, Hueber et al., 2010, Scheuermann et al., 2010, Yassin et al., 2010, Roy et al., 2011) PB (Eberharter and Becker, 2004, Tayyab and Percival-Smith, 2000) Pb (Noyes et al., 2008) pd (Boube et al., 1995)
Name Synonym	proboscipedia (Sanders et al., 2008, Martin, 1999.1.14, Cribbs, 1992.2.19, Yasunaga et al., 2006, Brown et al., 2005, Kumar and Anderson, 2007, Monier et al., 2007, Joulia et al., 2006, Roy et al., 2007, Kaufman et al., 2002, Juven-Gershon et al., 2008, Casillas et al., 2006, Gambetta et al., 2009, Tayyab et al., 2004, Percival-Smith et al., 2005, Negre et al., 2005, Scheuermann et al., 2010) Proboscipedia (Hueber et al., 2010) proposcipedia (Niswander and Anderson, 2002, Negre and Ruiz, 2007)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0003040 FBgn0010841 FBgn0063631
References ( 209 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 209 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 108 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 48 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 30 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) Conference report  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 2 ) Computer file  ( 1 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Book  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 5 )
	Bantignies et al., 2011, Cell 144(2): 214--226 Polycomb-Dependent Regulatory Contacts between Distant Hox Loci in Drosophila. [FBrf0212775] Roy et al., 2011, Mol. Genet. Genomics 285(2): 113--123 Lack of the Drosophila BEAF insulator proteins alters regulation of genes in the Antennapedia complex. [FBrf0212912] Hueber et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(5): e10820 Improving Hox protein classification across the major model organisms. [FBrf0210952] Scheuermann et al., 2010, Nature 465(7295): 243--247 Histone H2A deubiquitinase activity of the Polycomb repressive complex PR-DUB. [FBrf0210760] Yassin et al., 2010, Evol. Dev. 12(3): 288--295 Catching the phylogenic history through the ontogenic hourglass: a phylogenomic analysis of Drosophila body segmentation genes. [FBrf0211054] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...