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Gene Dmel\Krn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\Krn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	Keren	Annotation symbol	CG32179
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0052179
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	8 publicly available
Also Known As	keren, gritz
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-
Cytogenetic map	74E4-74E4	Sequence location	3L:17,642,664..17,647,376 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene Keren is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\Krn (CG32179, FBgn0052179). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: growth factor activity; epidermal growth factor receptor binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: border follicle cell migration; positive regulation of cell proliferation; MAPKKK cascade; compound eye development; regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway; positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity; ommatidial rotation. 22 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: adult midgut precursor cell; eye; cephalopharyngeal skeleton; midgut; border follicle cell; wing; ommatidium; denticle belt. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: EGF; EGF-like region, conserved site; Epidermal growth factor-like; Epidermal growth factor-like, type 3. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628325_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of Krn. Gene sequence location is 3L:17642664..17647376.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Guenin et al., 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 47 Sequence features BKN27190 HFA11202
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 74E4-74E4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}l(3)j11B2j11B2 and P{PZ}W05014
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 74D-74D     (Reich, 2000.3.14) 74E-74F   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Schupbach, 2000.3.3)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3- (Kadlec et al., 2000)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Krn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) Krn-RA FBtr0075197  NM_079405   1348   217
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein Krn-PA   FBpp0074961   24.1   217   8.16     NP_524129   AAF49315
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Epidermal growth factor-like, type 3 (IPR000742) Epidermal growth factor-like (IPR006210) EGF-like region, conserved site (IPR013032) EGF (IPR006209)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA990630   AA990660   AE014296 AAF49315   AF245387 AAF63381   AW943232   AY060409 AAL25448   BI170702   CO190777   CO264785   CO280646   CO282782   CO300800   CO315438   CO341174   CZ490374   EC062473   EC195587   EC198509   EC199625   EC222268   EC235963
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9VVJ6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0052179    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0052179 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-18 hour embryonic stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0052179 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1670) embryo 02-04hr  (1489) embryo 04-06hr  (1050) embryo 06-08hr  (1340) embryo 08-10hr  (1693) embryo 10-12hr  (1749) embryo 12-14hr  (1711) embryo 14-16hr  (1707) embryo 16-18hr  (1296) embryo 18-20hr  (1229) embryo 20-22hr  (886) embryo 22-24hr  (1021) larva L1  (509) larva L2  (534) larva L3 12hr old  (357) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (548) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (730) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1230) white prepupae new  (1772) white prepupae 12hr  (1447) white prepupae 24hr  (1395) pupae 2d postWPP  (1563) pupae 3d postWPP  (956) pupae 4d postWPP  (1410) adult male 01day  (890) adult male 05day  (975) adult male 30day  (1026) adult female 01day  (903) adult female 05day  (1109) adult female 30day  (1132) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1670) embryo 02-04hr  1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr  (1693) embryo 10-12hr  (1749) embryo 12-14hr  (1711) embryo 14-16hr  (1707) embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new  (1772) white prepupae 12hr  1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP  (1563) pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP  1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0052179 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (1670) embryo 02-04hr  (1489) embryo 04-06hr  (1050) embryo 06-08hr  (1340) embryo 08-10hr  (1693) embryo 10-12hr  (1749) embryo 12-14hr  (1711) embryo 14-16hr  (1707) embryo 16-18hr  (1296) embryo 18-20hr  (1229) embryo 20-22hr  (886) embryo 22-24hr  (1021) larva L1  (509) larva L2  (534) larva L3 12hr old  (357) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (548) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (730) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (1230) white prepupae new  (1772) white prepupae 12hr  (1447) white prepupae 24hr  (1395) pupae 2d postWPP  (1563) pupae 3d postWPP  (956) pupae 4d postWPP  (1410) adult male 01day  (890) adult male 05day  (975) adult male 30day  (1026) adult female 01day  (903) adult female 05day  (1109) adult female 30day  (1132) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  1670 embryo 02-04hr  1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr  1693 embryo 10-12hr  1749 embryo 12-14hr  1711 embryo 14-16hr  1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new  1772 white prepupae 12hr  1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP  1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP  1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    1670 embryo 02-04hr    1489 embryo 04-06hr    1050 embryo 06-08hr    1340 embryo 08-10hr    1693 embryo 10-12hr    1749 embryo 12-14hr    1711 embryo 14-16hr    1707 embryo 16-18hr    1296 embryo 18-20hr    1229 embryo 20-22hr    886 embryo 22-24hr    1021 larva L1    509 larva L2    534 larva L3 12hr old    357 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    548 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    730 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    1230 white prepupae new    1772 white prepupae 12hr    1447 white prepupae 24hr    1395 pupae 2d postWPP    1563 pupae 3d postWPP    956 pupae 4d postWPP    1410 adult male 01day    890 adult male 05day    975 adult male 30day    1026 adult female 01day    903 adult female 05day    1109 adult female 30day    1132 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0052179    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0052179 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult eye, adult thoracico-abdominal ganglion, adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval/adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, adult female reproductive system, adult male accessory gland. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0052179 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0052179 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    59.3 Larval Midgut    93.6 Larval Hindgut    188.6 Larval Malpighian Tubules    222.5 Larval Fat Body    30.5 Larval Salivary Gland    74 Larval Trachea    90.45 Larval Carcass    56.6 Adult Head    97.3 Adult Eye    254.975 Adult Brain    75.5 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2 Adult Crop    73.4 Adult Midgut    102.1 Adult Hindgut    163.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    241.4 Adult Fat Body    31.2 Adult Salivary Gland    306.7 Adult Heart    30.8 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7 Adult Ovary    108.6 Adult Testis    76.8 Adult Male Accessory Gland    325.3 Adult Carcass    47.5 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    97.3   NA  Eye    254.975   NA  Brain    75.5   59.3  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    108.2   NA  Crop    73.4   93.6  Midgut    102.1   188.6  Hindgut    163.5   222.5  Malpighian Tubules    241.4   30.5  Fat Body    31.2   74  Salivary Gland    306.7   NA  Heart    30.8   90.45  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    94.6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    108.7   NA  Ovary    108.6   NA  Testis    76.8   NA  Male Accessory Gland    325.3   56.6  Carcass    47.5 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_27
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0052179 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32179-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL469B Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa KrnScer\UAS.cRa lethal, with Scer\GAL4cb41 Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa semi-lethal, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa semi-lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KrnGD130 viable Krn9-6-A viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 KrnGD2626 KrnGD14441 Sterility Allele fertile Krn9-6-A Other Phenotypes Allele cell polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB KrnScer\UAS.cUa cell polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP KrnScer\UAS.cUa increased cell number, with Scer\GAL4esg-NP7397 KrnScer\UAS.cRa increased cell number | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4esg-NP7397 Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa Phenotype manifest in Allele adult midgut precursor cell, with Scer\GAL4esg-NP7397 KrnScer\UAS.cRa adult midgut precursor cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4esg-NP7397 Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4slbo.2.6 Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa border follicle cell | somatic clone, with Scer\GAL4cb41 Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa cephalopharyngeal skeleton, with Scer\GAL469B KrnScer\UAS.cRa Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa cone cell | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP KrnScer\UAS.cUa denticle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4arm.PS Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa denticle belt, with Scer\GAL469B Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa dorsal appendage | ectopic, with Scer\GAL455B KrnScer\UAS.cRa Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa eye, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF KrnScer\UAS.cRa KrnScer\UAS.cUa midgut, with Scer\GAL4esg-NP5130, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa midgut, with Scer\GAL4how-24B, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B KrnNIG.8056R midgut, with Scer\GAL4unspecified Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF KrnScer\UAS.cRa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4hs.PB KrnScer\UAS.cUa ommatidium, with Scer\GAL4sev.EP KrnScer\UAS.cUa wing, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 KrnScer\UAS.cRa Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096 Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa wing vein | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PF KrnScer\UAS.cUa
Classical Alleles ( 6 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of Krn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion KrnCB-6234-3 1 -- Krnf07634 piggyBac transposase 1 -- KrnKG05557 1 Yes Krn260 loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes Krn9-6-A P-element activity 0 Yes KrnCB04101 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 16 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of Krn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion KrnGD14441 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes KrnGD130 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes KrnGD2626 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes KrnKK107190 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes Krnc.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-EGFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes KrndsRNA.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes KrndsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes KrnMtnA.PR in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KrnNIG.8056R 0 Yes Krns.Scer\UAS.cRa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes Krns.Scer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - deletion 0 Yes Krns.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - site directed mutagenesis 0 Yes KrnScer\UAS.cRa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KrnScer\UAS.cUa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KrnScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - coding region fusion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes KrnΔ16aa.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - deletion in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)81k19 (Schupbach, 2000.3.3) Df(3L)Exel9005 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(3L)Krn-27-7-B (McDonald et al., 2006)
Partially disrupted in	Df(3L)Krn9-6-A (McDonald et al., 2006) Df(3L)Krn25 (Brown et al., 2007) Df(3L)Krn242 (Brown et al., 2007) Df(3L)Krn260 (Brown et al., 2007)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD130} NA P{GD2626} NA P{GD14441} NA P{KK107190} NA P{UAS-Krn.c.GFP} NA P{UAS-Krn.R} NA P{UAS-Krn.RNAi.U} NA P{UAS-Krn.s.R} NA P{UAS-Krn.T:GFP} NA P{UAS-Krn.Δ16aa} NA P{UASp-krn.s.myc} NA characterization construct P{NIG.8056R} NA P{UAS-Krn.s.U} NA P{UAS-Krn.U} NA P{UAS-SpiEC::KrnIC} NA P{UAS-T:GFP.SpiEC::KrnIC} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}NdfipEY11963 NA miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GB}KrnCB04101 NA P{RS3}KrnCB-6234-3 NA P{SUPor-P}KrnKG05557 NA PBac{WH}Krnf07634 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
border follicle cell migration inferred from mutant phenotype (McDonald et al., 2006) compound eye development inferred from genetic interaction with S (Brown et al., 2007) MAPKKK cascade inferred from direct assay (Reich and Shilo, 2002) ommatidial rotation inferred from mutant phenotype (Brown and Freeman, 2003) positive regulation of cell proliferation inferred from mutant phenotype (Buchon et al., 2010, Jiang and Edgar, 2009) positive regulation of epidermal growth factor-activated receptor activity inferred from genetic interaction with Egfr AND inferred from mutant phenotype (Reich and Shilo, 2002) regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway inferred from genetic interaction with S (Brown et al., 2007)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
endoplasmic reticulum inferred from direct assay (Schlesinger et al., 2004)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
epidermal growth factor receptor binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Reich, 2000.3.14) growth factor activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:U02316 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway non-traceable author statement (Bogdan and Klaembt, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
plasma membrane inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Kadlec et al., 2000)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene_with_dicistronic_primary_transcript (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions Krn allele Gene References KrnScer\UAS.cRa Sos (Reich and Shilo, 2002)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 77452 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0052179 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0052179 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 326198
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF23898 Dere\GG15794 Dgri\GH15347 Dmoj\GI12950 Dper\GL25227 Dpse\GA16736 Dsec\GM24318 Dsim\GD12388 Dvir\GJ13094 Dwil\GK12333 Dyak\GE22131
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dpse\GA16736
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010067-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) BGIBMGA012584-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ002519 Culex pipens (mosquito) 271340 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW002520-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604904.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM011331-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_001813616.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15606 LH14619 ISCW002520 FBgn0239360 FBgn0214343 FBgn0200322 FBgn0184120 FBgn0179182 JGI_V11_271340 FBgn0076751 FBgn0162811 FBgn0135707 FBgn0122819 FBgn0108033 FBgn0100892 CPIJ002519 BGIBMGA012584 ACYPI33281 GB19294 AGAP012663 AGAP010312 AAEL010067 PB22972 PHUM408450 PHUM597470 GLEAN_03429
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 8 )
Bloomington	14120 y1 w67c23; P{SUPor-P}KrnKG05557 ry506
Harvard	- PBac{WH}Krnf07634
Kyoto	123992 w1118; P{RS3}KrnCB-6234-3
VDRC	v104299 P{KK107190}VIE-260B v1038 w1118 P{GD130}v1038 v6119 w1118; P{GD2626}v6119 v27111 w1118; P{GD14441}v27111 v27110 w1118; P{GD14441}v27110/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR15E10 BACR44L18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 17 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD34429
Other clones	DPiM_LD34429
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	LD34470 RE12244
Other clones	30852 41514 45452 54195 77256 CK01.61D.E5 EK049619 EK140328 EK154538 EK161212 EK179429 EK261503 EP12004
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0052179 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 326198
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	Called "gritz" because it is related to both "gurken" and "spitz". (Kadlec et al., 2000)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: Keren CG8056 (FlyBase, 1996-)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: Keren gritz (FlyBase, 1996-)
Additional comments	Source for identity of Keren CG8056 was sequence comparison (date:000414). (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003, FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	Krn as part of thr Egfr pathway has a role in ommatidial rotation. (Brown and Freeman, 2003)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_079405 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_524129 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA990630 AAF49315 AAF63381 AAL25448 AF245387 AW943232 AY060409 CZ490374 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 326198 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9VVJ6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Epidermal growth factor-like, type 3 (IPR000742) Epidermal growth factor-like (IPR006210) EGF-like region, conserved site (IPR013032) EGF (IPR006209)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 77452 DPiM - DPiM, Drosophila Protein interaction Map • FBgn0052179 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0052179 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0052179 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0052179 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG32179-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0052179 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 326198 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL010067-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) BGIBMGA012584-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CPIJ002519 Culex pipens (mosquito) 271340 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ISCW002520-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) XP_001604904.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM011331-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_001813616.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /genebrief/keren.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 326198 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0052179 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15606 LH14619 ISCW002520 FBgn0239360 FBgn0214343 FBgn0200322 FBgn0184120 FBgn0179182 JGI_V11_271340 FBgn0076751 FBgn0162811 FBgn0135707 FBgn0122819 FBgn0108033 FBgn0100892 CPIJ002519 BGIBMGA012584 ACYPI33281 GB19294 AGAP012663 AGAP010312 AAEL010067 PB22972 PHUM408450 PHUM597470 GLEAN_03429
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 15 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG8056   CG32179 (McDonald et al., 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5) CT19073 (Hynes and Zhao, 2000) gritz (Schupbach, 2000.3.3, Kadlec et al., 2000, ) Ker (Urban et al., 2002) keren (Shilo, 2003, Kadlec et al., 2001) keren/spitz2 (Li and White, 2003) Krn (Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Ren et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2011) krn (Brown et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2010) s-krn (Montell, 2006) skrn (Wang et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	Keren (Reich and Shilo, 2002, Urban et al., 2002, McDonald et al., 2006, Montell, 2006, Brown et al., 2007, Stofanko et al., 2008, Jiang and Edgar, 2009, Buchon et al., 2009, Schlesinger et al., 2004, Juhasz et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2010, Yu et al., 2010, Buchon et al., 2010, Ren et al., 2010, Jiang et al., 2011, Guenin et al., 2010) keren (Zhang et al., 2009, Brown et al., 2007, Liu et al., 2010) spitz2 (Frankfort and Mardon, 2002) spitz-2 (Baonza et al., 2001) Spitz2 (Buchon et al., 2009)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0036744 FBgn0041151 FBgn0064124
References ( 53 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 53 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 23 ) Supplementary material  ( 4 ) Review  ( 8 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 4 ) Abstract  ( 4 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 4 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 9 )
	Horn et al., 2011, Nat. Methods 8(4): 341--346 Mapping of signaling networks through synthetic genetic interaction analysis by RNAi. [FBrf0213352] Jiang et al., 2011, Cell Stem Cell 8(1): 84--95 EGFR/Ras/MAPK Signaling Mediates Adult Midgut Epithelial Homeostasis and Regeneration in Drosophila. [FBrf0212694] Xu et al., 2011, Dev. Biol. 354(1): 31--43 EGFR, Wingless and JAK/STAT signaling cooperatively maintain Drosophila intestinal stem cells. [FBrf0213634] Buchon et al., 2010, BMC Biol. 8: 152 Drosophila EGFR pathway coordinates stem cell proliferation and gut remodeling following infection. [FBrf0212840] Guenin et al., 2010, BMC Genomics 11: 47 Expression profiling of prospero in the Drosophila larval chemosensory organ: Between growth and outgrowth. [FBrf0210012] Liu et al., 2010, Sci. Signal. 3(132): ra57 The Drosophila Female Germline Stem Cell Lineage Acts to Spatially Restrict DPP Function Within the Niche. [FBrf0211426] Ren et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(49): 21064--21069 Hippo signaling regulates Drosophila intestine stem cell proliferation through multiple pathways. [FBrf0212502] Wang et al., 2010, Dev. Cell 18(1): 157--164 Spatial Restriction of FGF Signaling by a Matrix Metalloprotease Controls Branching Morphogenesis. [FBrf0209956] Yu et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(5): e1000969 Affecting Rhomboid-3 function causes a dilated heart in adult Drosophila. [FBrf0210954] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...