FB2022_02, released March 29, 2022

Gene: Dmel\be

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\be
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
ben
Annotation Symbol
CG32594
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0052594
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
8 publicly available
Gene Summary
ben (be) encodes a protein involved in neuromuscular synaptic transmission and long-term memory formation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Also Known As

E protein

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
13A5-13A5
Sequence location
Recombination map
1-49
RefSeq locus
NC_004354 REGION:15024436..15042060
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (2 terms)
Molecular Function (0 terms)
There is no information supporting a Molecular Function term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2013-09-04 )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in long-term memory
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhao et al., 2009)
involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Zhao et al., 2009)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (0 terms)
There is no information supporting a Cellular Component term for this gene. (Based on a review of available data on: 2013-09-04 )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
ben (be) encodes a protein involved in neuromuscular synaptic transmission and long-term memory formation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-19]
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\be for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure New Section
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry Q9VXZ3)

If you don't see the viewer to the right, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Comments on Gene Model

Gene model reviewed during 5.39

Gene model reviewed during 5.42

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.50

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
be-RB
FBtr0073956
NM_132762
4014
700
be-RC
FBtr0073957
NM_167424
3240
825
be-RF
FBtr0310270
NM_001258745
3069
825
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

4.7, 4 (northern blot)

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
be-PB
FBpp0073773
78.1
700
5.75
NP_572990
AAF48412
be-PC
FBpp0073774
91.6
825
6.39
NP_727817
AAF48413
be-PF
FBpp0301953
91.6
825
6.39
NP_001245674
AFH07388
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

825 aa isoforms: be-PC, be-PF
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\be using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage
yolk
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
embryonic stage 5
yolk nucleus
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
mesoderm anlage
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
embryonic stage 6 -- 17
mesoderm
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
embryonic stage 8
head
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
embryonic stage 9 -- 12
midline primordium
(Kearney et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11
mesectoderm
(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
Additional Descriptive Data

Transcripts are expressed in ventral cells of the blastoderm embryo as well as in vitellophages. During germ band extension, expression is strong in the head and much weaker in the invaginated mesoderm. Expression is also observed in the mesectoderm as well as in the periphery of the yolk.

(Casal and Leptin, 1996)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: P{GawB}beNP4013
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
Kenyon cell | subset
(Zhao et al., 2009)
adult brain | restricted
(Zhao et al., 2009)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\be in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of be
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of be
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 1 )
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal | recessive
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
Other Phenotypes
Allele
abnormal memory (with beEY08069)
abnormal memory (with beP1)
abnormal memory | recessive
abnormal neurophysiology | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
No records found.
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
No records found.
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
No records found.
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
No records found.
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
No records found.
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
No records found.
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
No records found.
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
No records found.
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
    Disease Model Summary Ribbon
    Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
    Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
    Human Ortholog
    Disease
    Evidence
    References
    Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
    Allele
    Disease
    Interaction
    References
    Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
    Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
    Homo sapiens (Human)
    Gene name
    Score
    OMIM
    OMIM Phenotype
    DO term
    Complementation?
    Transgene?
    Functional Complementation Data
    Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
    Interactions
    Summary of Physical Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Interactions Browser
    Summary of Genetic Interactions
    esyN Network Diagram
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    Starting gene(s)
    Interaction type
    Interacting gene(s)
    Reference
    External Data
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    Pathways
    Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
    Metabolic Pathways
    External Data
    Linkouts
    Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
    Chromosome (arm)
    X
    Recombination map
    1-49
    Cytogenetic map
    13A5-13A5
    Sequence location
    FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Evidence for location
    13A5-13A5
    Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}hiwEP1305 and P{EP}hiwEP1308
    Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
    Cytogenetic map
    Notes
    References
    13A-13A
    (Runde, 2000.3.4)
    Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
    Location

    1-49

    (FlyBase, 2016)

    1-49.7

    (Comeron et al., 2012)
    Left of (cM)
    Right of (cM)
    Notes
    Stocks and Reagents
    Stocks (8)
    Genomic Clones (18)
     

    Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

    cDNA Clones (93)
     

    Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

    cDNA clones, fully sequenced
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

    For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

    cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
    BDGP DGC clones
    Other clones
    RNAi and Array Information
    Linkouts
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    Antibody Information
    Laboratory Generated Antibodies
     
    Commercially Available Antibodies
     
    Other Information
    Relationship to Other Genes
    Source for database identify of
    Source for database merge of

    Source for merge of: CG32594 BEST:LD10566

    (Rana, 2004.7.8)

    Source for merge of: CG5530 anon- EST:CL1a5

    (FlyBase, 1996-)

    Source for merge of: CG15026 CG5530 CG5541

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
    Additional comments

    Annotation CG5541 split out from annotation CG32594 into a distinct annotation in release 3.2 of the genome annotation.

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2004)

    Annotations CG15026, CG5530 and CG5541 merged as CG32594 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

    (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

    Source for merge of CG5530 anon- EST:CL1a5 was sequence comparison ( date:000423 ).

    (FlyBase, 1996-)
    Other Comments

    Isolated from a subtractive cDNA library enriched in sequences expressed in the mesoderm.

    (Casal and Leptin, 1996)

    A CG32594 cDNA has been cloned and sequenced. CG32594 is expressed in the early mesoderm.

    (Casal and Leptin, 1996)
    Origin and Etymology
    Discoverer
    Etymology

    Named for a memory defective phenotype - 'ben' means stupid in mandarin.

    (Zhao et al., 2009)
    Identification
    External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 48 )
    Sequence Crossreferences
    NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
    GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
    GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
    RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
    UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
    UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
    Other crossreferences
    AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
    Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
    iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
    InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
    KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
    MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
    modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
    Linkouts
    BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
    DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
    DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
    FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
    FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
    Synonyms and Secondary IDs (10)
    Datasets (8)
    Study focus (0)
    Experimental Role
    Project
    Project Type
    Title
    Study result (8)
    Result
    Result Type
    Title
    scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_NI_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of hemocytes from non-infested third instar larvae
    scRNAseq_2020_Cattenoz_WI_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of hemocytes from wasp-infested third instar larvae
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI72LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 72 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_WI96LG_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of lymph gland cells from wasp-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI96HL_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 96 h after egg-laying
    scRNAseq_2020_Cho_NI120HL_seq_clustering
    Clustering analysis of circulating hemocytes from non-infested larvae at 120 h after egg-laying
    References (42)