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Gene Dmel\pain

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pain	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	painless	Annotation symbol	CG15860
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0060296
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	60E5-60E5	Sequence location	2R:20,809,028..20,815,798 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene painless is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pain (CG15860, FBgn0060296). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: calcium channel activity. There is experimental evidence for 11 unique biological process terms, many of which group under: response to stimulus; multi-organism reproductive process; mating; biological regulation; response to stress; single-organism behavior; response to abiotic stimulus; single-multicellular organism process; feeding behavior; mechanosensory behavior; system process; negative gravitaxis. 20 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: embryonic/larval heart; Johnston organ neuron. It has 3 annotated transcripts and 3 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: Ankyrin repeat; Ankyrin repeat-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628875_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of pain. Gene sequence location is 2R:20809028..20815798.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 60E5-60E5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG9047EP560&P{EP}CG3760EP936 and P{EP}CG2790EP412&P{EP}CG3776EP835
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 60E3-60E6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pain for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.46
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pain-RA FBtr0072417  NM_138135   3041   913 pain-RB FBtr0333813  NM_001274247   2372   629 pain-RC FBtr0333814  NM_001274248   2025   529
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pain-PA   FBpp0072323   103.5   913   6.71     NP_611979   AAF47293 pain-PB   FBpp0305947   71.6   629   7.96     NP_001261176   AGB93706 pain-PC   FBpp0305948   60.4   529   8.28     NP_001261177   AGB93707
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	105 (kD) (Tracey et al., 2003)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ankyrin repeat (IPR002110) Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (IPR020683)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF47293   AE013599 AGB93706   AE013599 AGB93707   AQ254843   AY119055   AY268106 AAP03646   BI164070   BI619051   BI623952   BP540500   BP545453   BP556598   BP560037   BT011483   CO187835   CO189737   CO190406   CO268482   CO276343   CO276583   CO292464   CO297694   CO301093   CO301799   CO308050   CO314361   CO331752   CO339950   CO342862   EC060180   EC062505   EC071531   EC074122   EC075095   EC080450   EC084903   EC197150   EC206638   EC214982   EC216533   EC218227   EC218288   EC254884   EC257001   EC257690
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9W0Y6
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   central nervous system | restricted   (Tracey et al., 2003) heart primordium   (Tracey et al., 2003) gonad   (Tracey et al., 2003) chordotonal organ   (Tracey et al., 2003) antenno-maxillary complex   (Tracey et al., 2003) embryonic stage 17   multidendritic dendrite   (Tracey et al., 2003)   multidendritic neuron   • cytoplasm (Tracey et al., 2003) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003) RT-PCR Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003) adult stage   adult brain   (Wang et al., 2011) proboscis   (Wang et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
	From stage 13-16 prior to dendritic growth, the pain transcript is localized to the cytoplasm of multidendritic neuron precursors. At stage 17 and beyond the transcript is localized to dendritic branches and the extent of the dendritic localization is greater as development proceeds. pain transcript is also observed in a small number of CNS cells, sensory neurons of the antennal maxillary complex and weak expression was observed in the chordotonal neurons. Expression outside the nervous system was detected in the dorsal vessel (heart) and gonad. (Tracey et al., 2003)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 14 -- 17   scolopidial dendritic cap cell   (Kraut and Zinn, 2004) embryonic stage 17   chordotonal organ   (Tracey et al., 2003) third instar larval stage   multidendritic dendrite   (Tracey et al., 2003) adult stage   antennal lobe projection neuron | subset   (Wang et al., 2011) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data
	pain is expressed only in the cap cells of chordotonal organs. (Kraut and Zinn, 2004) An antibody directed against the pain protein strongly stains chordotonal neurons in stage 17 embryos. Anti pain is tightly associated with dendritic arbors beneath the epidermis in both embryos and larvae. (Tracey et al., 2003)
Marker for
	scolopidial dendritic cap cell
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules    11.8 Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules    16.4 Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    15 Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland    18.9 Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    49   NA  Eye    62.25   NA  Brain    23   43.325  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2   NA  Crop    221.7   27.8  Midgut    31.7   152.5  Hindgut    206   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   6.8  Fat Body    7.5   5.2  Salivary Gland    6.6   NA  Heart    7.175   21.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    15.9   NA  Testis    15.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   54.2  Carcass    41.3 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (32) carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    8 central nervous system, larvae L3    7 central nervous system, pupae P8    11 head, virgin 1-day female    7 head, virgin 4-day female    4 head, virgin 20-day female    7 head, mated 1-day female    5 head, mated 4-day female    5 head, mated 20-day female    4 head, mated 1-day male    9 head, mated 4-day male    8 head, mated 20-day male    11 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    0 salivary gland, white prepupae    3 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    5 digestive system, 1-day adult    4 digestive system, 4-day adult    6 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    1 fat body, white prepupae    3 fat body, pupae P8    8 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    32 carcass, 1-day adult    6 carcass, 4-day adult    6 carcass, 20-day adult    8 ovary, virgin 4-day female    3 ovary, mated 4-day female    2 testis, mated 4-day male    6 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    1 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr  26 embryo 18-20hr  (30) embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (31) white prepupae new  (35) white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr  26 embryo 18-20hr  30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  31 white prepupae new  (35) white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    0 embryo 04-06hr    0 embryo 06-08hr    0 embryo 08-10hr    1 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    9 embryo 14-16hr    15 embryo 16-18hr    26 embryo 18-20hr    30 embryo 20-22hr    21 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    15 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    9 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    15 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    31 white prepupae new    35 white prepupae 12hr    19 white prepupae 24hr    16 pupae 2d postWPP    20 pupae 3d postWPP    25 pupae 4d postWPP    12 adult male 01day    13 adult male 05day    11 adult male 30day    11 adult female 01day    10 adult female 05day    7 adult female 30day    7 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    111 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4  26 embryonic 1182-4H  (48) embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  (29) wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8  (52) wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (38) wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (111) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS  (97) ovary OSC  (78) ovary OSS  (41) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (111) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    111 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    111 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4  26 embryonic 1182-4H  (48) embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1  29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8  (52) wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (38) wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (111) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS  (97) ovary OSC  (78) ovary OSS  (41) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  111 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    0 Schneider line 2 Sg4    26 embryonic 1182-4H    48 embryonic GM2    10 embryonic Kc167    2 embryonic S1    0 embryonic S3    3 leg disc CME L1    29 wing disc CME-W2    14 wing disc ML-DmD8    52 wing disc ML-DmD9    5 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    38 wing disc ML-DmD21    4 wing disc ML-DmD32    11 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    2 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    1 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    1 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    111 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    14 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    2 tumorous blood cells mbn2    1 ovary fGS/OSS    97 ovary OSC    78 ovary OSS    41 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    2 cold shock, 4-day adult    2 heat shock, 4-day adult    3 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    4 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    2 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    6 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    4 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    3 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    4 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    4 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    3 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    5 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    8 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    3 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_18 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_14
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0060296 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG15860-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2462 viable, with Dcr-2Scer\UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4e22c, Scer\GAL4sqh.PW painGD2221 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 painGD2221 Other Phenotypes Allele chemosensitive behavior defective painEP2451 painEP2621 painGAL4 courtship behavior defective painEP2251 painEP2451 painGAL4 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4109(2)80 painGD2221 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4GH146 painGD2221 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Gr66a.PD painGD2221 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4pain-GAL4 painGD2221 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4pain-GAL4, Scer\GAL80ts.αTub84B painGD2221 courtship behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Poxn.13 painGD2221 courtship behavior defective (with painEP2251) painEP2451 painGAL4 courtship behavior defective (with painEP2451) painEP2251 painGAL4 courtship behavior defective (with painEP2462) painGAL4 courtship behavior defective (with painGAL4) painEP2251 painEP2451 painEP2462 gravitaxis defective painEP2451 painGAL4 neurophysiology defective painGAL4 neurophysiology defective | recessive, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2451 pain response defective painEP2251 painEP2451 pain response defective | adult stage painEP2451 pain response defective | larval stage painEP2451 pain response defective | recessive, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2251 painEP2451 pain response defective | semidominant, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2462 painEP2621 sensory perception defective (with painGAL4) painNP7022 sensory perception defective (with painNP7022) painGAL4 smell perception defective painEP2451 painGAL4 taste perception defective painEP2451 painEP2621 painGAL4 touch sensitivity defective painEP2451 visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 painEP2251 wild-type painex36 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval heart painEP2251 painEP2451 painEP2462 painEP2621 embryonic/larval heart, with Scer\GAL4NP1029 painGD2221 Johnston organ neuron painGAL4 scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 painEP2251
Classical Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pain Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion painEP2251 P-element activity 1 Yes painEP2451 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 Yes painEP2621 P-element activity 1 Yes painGAL4 gene conversion 1 Yes painNP7022 1 -- painDG03806 0 -- painEP2174 0 -- painEP2462 P-element activity 0 -- painex36 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 11 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pain Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion painGD2221 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes painJF01065 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes painJF01066 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes painScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pain+t8.5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes paindsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes paindsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes painp103.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes painp60.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes painp72.Scer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP-YFP.Venus in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes painScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD2221} NA P{TRiP.JF01065} NA P{TRiP.JF01066} NA P{UAS-pain.FL} NA P{UAS-pain.RNAi} NA P{UAS-pain.T} NA P{UAS-painp60::VFP} NA P{UAS-painp72::VFP} NA P{UAS-painp103::VFP} NA characterization construct P{pain-rescue} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}painEP2174 NA P{EP}painEP2251 NA P{EP}painEP2451 NA P{EP}painEP2462 NA P{EP}painEP2621 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}painGAL4 No P{GawB}painNP7022 No miscellaneous insertions P{wHy}painDG03806 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 12 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
behavioral response to pain inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010) copulation inferred from mutant phenotype (Sakai et al., 2009) feeding behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Al-Anzi et al., 2006) male courtship behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2011) mechanosensory behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Kim et al., 2012) negative gravitaxis inferred from mutant phenotype (Sun et al., 2009) olfactory behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Wang et al., 2011) regulation of female receptivity inferred from mutant phenotype (Sakai et al., 2009) regulation of heart contraction inferred from mutant phenotype (Sénatore et al., 2010) response to heat inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010) sensory perception of pain inferred from mutant phenotype (Tracey et al., 2003, Neely et al., 2010) NOT thermotaxis inferred from mutant phenotype (Rosenzweig et al., 2005)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 8 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
calcium channel activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) ion channel activity traceable author statement (Goodman, 2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
calcium ion transport inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception traceable author statement (Goodman, 2003) response to heat traceable author statement (Zars, 2003, Goodman, 2003) response to mechanical stimulus non-traceable author statement (Montell, 2003) sensory perception of pain non-traceable author statement (Tracey, 2003.4.3)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane non-traceable author statement (Montell, 2003)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pain allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63553 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0060296 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37985
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (34) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6ZW5WF Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG62828M Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6WSV5J Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6931ZW Metazoa inclusive ortholog search No orthologs identified
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6ZW5WF)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\pain     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD24909 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM11779 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG19878 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE11402 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF11530 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA24531 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL10901 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK20733 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ17169 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI19678 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH21975 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG62828M)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL006835   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP012995   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP013366   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP013463   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ006747
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6WSV5J)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\Pain   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG009128   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH14695   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP24115   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO13923   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18844   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH18822   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB13121   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV20491   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV26097   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV15224   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI006131   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA001166   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM216930   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\pain   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\GLEAN_15259
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6931ZW)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Tjp1
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (None identified)
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Human Orthologs (0)
Gene OMIM HGNC
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD24909 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM11779 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG19878 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE11402 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF11530 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA24531 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL10901 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK20733 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ17169 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI19678 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH21975
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	27894 w*; P{GawB}painGAL4 27895 w*; P{EP}painEP2451 31432 w*; P{EP}painEP2251 31510 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01065}attP2 31511 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01066}attP2 28799 w*; P{EP}painEP2621/CyO; P{UAS-pain.T}AR9
Kyoto	105334 y* w*; P{GawB}painNP7022 / CyO, P{UAS-lacZ.UW14}UW14
VDRC	v39477 w1118; P{GD2221}v39477/TM3 v39478 w1118; P{GD2221}v39478/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR08I14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 39 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP07070 RE03641
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH50016 RH56320
Other clones	668 42873 54608 56964 71892 152960 214225.64 214289.71 214509.58 274120 CK01.32B.F2 CK01.40B.F12 CK01.55A.F11 CK01.59B.F6 CK01.120A.G7 CK01.146D.G7 EK033842 EK045022 EK048055 EK091628 EK120528 EK121464 EK170345 EK180046 EK182208 EK200239 EK235928 EK256525 EK301621 EP09720 EP15636 FGA005A11 FGC031D05 FGM304D11 FGM324C09
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0060296 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37985
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Tracey et al., 2003, Hwang et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: pain CG15860 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: pain EP2251 (Tracey et al., 2003)
Additional comments	Source for merge of pain CG15860 was sequence comparison (date:030514). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	pain is autonomously required in the larval heart to mediate the response to mechanical stress. (Sénatore et al., 2010) Larvae simultaneously injected with dsRNAs against pain, pyx and CG31284 show normal thermotactic behaviour. (Rosenzweig et al., 2005) pain is essential for nociception, and is required for the activation of sensory neurons by noxious heat. (Tracey et al., 2003) Identification: genetic screen for mutants defective in a noxious heat response. (Tracey and Benzer, 2001)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_138135 NM_001274247 NM_001274248 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_611979 NP_001261176 NP_001261177 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF47293 AAP03646 AGB93706 AGB93707 AQ254843 AY268106 BI164070 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37985 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9W0Y6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ankyrin repeat (IPR002110) Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (IPR020683)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63553 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0060296 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0060296 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0060296 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG15860-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0060296 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37985 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/painles1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37985 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0060296
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG15860 (Giot et al., 2003, Roos et al., 2005, Altenhein et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Tsubouchi et al., 2012) CT31987 (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) EP2251 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000, ) pain (Xu and Shen, 2007, Aldrich et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2011, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Xu et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Rosenzweig et al., 2008, Sun et al., 2009, Al-Anzi et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Sénatore et al., 2010, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Matsuura et al., 2009, Sénatore et al., 2011, Oswald et al., 2011) Pain (Chen et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	painless (Tracey and Benzer, 2001, Roos et al., 2005, Aldrich et al., 2010, Tobin and Bargmann, 2004, Wang et al., 2011, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Sokabe et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Lu et al., 2012, Sakai et al., 2009, Rosenzweig et al., 2008, Tracey, 2012.6.1, Kang et al., 2010, Neely et al., 2010, Tsubouchi et al., 2012, Xiang et al., 2010, Hwang et al., 2012, Sun et al., 2009) Painless (Lumpkin, 2007, Padinjat and Andrews, 2004) PAINLESS (Xu et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0035080 FBgn0043363
References ( 67 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 67 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 40 ) Supplementary material  ( 5 ) Review  ( 8 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 5 ) Abstract  ( 3 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 7 )
	Hwang et al., 2012, PLoS ONE 7(1): e30090 The Ankyrin Repeat Domain of the TRPA Protein Painless Is Important for Thermal Nociception but Not Mechanical Nociception. [FBrf0217325] Johnson and Carder, 2012, PLoS ONE 7(3): e32878 Drosophila Nociceptors Mediate Larval Aversion to Dry Surface Environments Utilizing Both the Painless TRP Channel and the DEG/ENaC Subunit, PPK1. [FBrf0217768] Kim et al., 2012, Nature 483(7388): 209--212 The role of Drosophila Piezo in mechanical nociception. [FBrf0217681] Lu et al., 2012, PLoS Genet. 8(3): e1002587 ppk23-Dependent Chemosensory Functions Contribute to Courtship Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217844] Babcock et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(18): 1525--1533 Hedgehog signaling regulates nociceptive sensitization. [FBrf0216292] Oswald et al., 2011, Fly 5(4): 304--306 A novel thermosensitive escape behavior in Drosophila larvae. [FBrf0217956] Wang et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(11): e25890 Drosophila TRPA Channel Painless Inhibits Male-Male Courtship Behavior through Modulating Olfactory Sensation. [FBrf0216587] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...