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Gene Dmel\pain

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\pain	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	painless	Annotation symbol	CG15860
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0060296
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	10 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2R	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	60E5-60E5	Sequence location	2R:20,809,028..20,815,794 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene painless is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\pain (CG15860, FBgn0060296). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: calcium channel activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: feeding behavior; regulation of heart contraction; sensory perception of pain; response to heat; behavioral response to pain; negative gravitaxis; copulation; regulation of female receptivity. 17 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: embryonic/larval heart. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Ankyrin repeat; Ankyrin repeat-containing domain; Ion transport. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628875_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of pain. Gene sequence location is 2R:20809028..20815794.
External Summaries
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2012_01	References Xiang et al., 2010, Nature 468(7326): 921--926 Sequence features BKN24160 HFA04273
FB2011_10	References Matsuura et al., 2009, BMC Evol. Biol. 9: 228 Babcock et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(18): 1525--1533
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 60E5-60E5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}CG9047EP560&P{EP}CG3760EP936 and P{EP}CG2790EP412&P{EP}CG3776EP835
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 60E3-60E6   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\pain for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) pain-RA FBtr0072417  NM_138135   3037   913
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein pain-PA   FBpp0072323   103.5   913   6.71     NP_611979   AAF47293
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	105 (kD) (Tracey et al., 2003)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ankyrin repeat (IPR002110) Ion transport (IPR005821) Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (IPR020683)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE013599 AAF47293   AQ254843   AY119055   AY268106 AAP03646   BI164070   BI619051   BI623952   BP540500   BP545453   BP556598   BP560037   BT011483   CO187835   CO189737   CO190406   CO268482   CO276343   CO276583   CO292464   CO297694   CO301093   CO301799   CO308050   CO314361   CO331752   CO339950   CO342862   EC060180   EC062505   EC071531   EC074122   EC075095   EC080450   EC084903   EC197150   EC206638   EC214982   EC216533   EC218227   EC218288   EC254884   EC257001   EC257690
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot
UniProtKB/TrEMBL	Q9W0Y6
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage   central nervous system | restricted   (Tracey et al., 2003) heart primordium   (Tracey et al., 2003) gonad   (Tracey et al., 2003) chordotonal organ   (Tracey et al., 2003) antenno-maxillary complex   (Tracey et al., 2003) embryonic stage 17   multidendritic dendrite   (Tracey et al., 2003)   multidendritic neuron   • cytoplasm (Tracey et al., 2003) northern blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003) RT-PCR Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data
	From stage 13-16 prior to dendritic growth, the pain transcript is localized to the cytoplasm of multidendritic neuron precursors. At stage 17 and beyond the transcript is localized to dendritic branches and the extent of the dendritic localization is greater as development proceeds. pain transcript is also observed in a small number of CNS cells, sensory neurons of the antennal maxillary complex and weak expression was observed in the chordotonal neurons. Expression outside the nervous system was detected in the dorsal vessel (heart) and gonad. (Tracey et al., 2003)
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 14 -- 17   scolopidial dendritic cap cell   (Kraut and Zinn, 2004) embryonic stage 17   chordotonal organ   (Tracey et al., 2003) third instar larval stage   multidendritic dendrite   (Tracey et al., 2003) western blot Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference larval stage   organism   (Tracey et al., 2003)
Additional Descriptive Data
	pain is expressed only in the cap cells of chordotonal organs. (Kraut and Zinn, 2004) An antibody directed against the pain protein strongly stains chordotonal neurons in stage 17 embryos. Anti pain is tightly associated with dendritic arbors beneath the epidermis in both embryos and larvae. (Tracey et al., 2003)
Marker for
	scolopidial dendritic cap cell
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0060296    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0060296 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of moderately high expression to a trough of extremely low expression. Peak expression observed within 12-24 hour embryonic stages, during late larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0060296 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr  (254) embryo 12-14hr  (676) embryo 14-16hr  (1073) embryo 16-18hr  (1880) embryo 18-20hr  (2169) embryo 20-22hr  (1535) embryo 22-24hr  (1751) larva L1  (1060) larva L2  (885) larva L3 12hr old  (617) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (554) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1087) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2296) white prepupae new  (2569) white prepupae 12hr  (1391) white prepupae 24hr  (1129) pupae 2d postWPP  (1430) pupae 3d postWPP  (1795) pupae 4d postWPP  (864) adult male 01day  (939) adult male 05day  (780) adult male 30day  (813) adult female 01day  (758) adult female 05day  (495) adult female 30day  (539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr  (1880) embryo 18-20hr  (2169) embryo 20-22hr  (1535) embryo 22-24hr  (1751) larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2296) white prepupae new  (2569) white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP  1430 pupae 3d postWPP  (1795) pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0060296 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr  (254) embryo 12-14hr  (676) embryo 14-16hr  (1073) embryo 16-18hr  (1880) embryo 18-20hr  (2169) embryo 20-22hr  (1535) embryo 22-24hr  (1751) larva L1  (1060) larva L2  (885) larva L3 12hr old  (617) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (554) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (1087) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (2296) white prepupae new  (2569) white prepupae 12hr  (1391) white prepupae 24hr  (1129) pupae 2d postWPP  (1430) pupae 3d postWPP  (1795) pupae 4d postWPP  (864) adult male 01day  (939) adult male 05day  (780) adult male 30day  (813) adult female 01day  (758) adult female 05day  (495) adult female 30day  (539) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr  1880 embryo 18-20hr  2169 embryo 20-22hr  1535 embryo 22-24hr  1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9  2296 white prepupae new  (2569) white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP  1430 pupae 3d postWPP  1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    5 embryo 02-04hr    9 embryo 04-06hr    10 embryo 06-08hr    37 embryo 08-10hr    71 embryo 10-12hr    254 embryo 12-14hr    676 embryo 14-16hr    1073 embryo 16-18hr    1880 embryo 18-20hr    2169 embryo 20-22hr    1535 embryo 22-24hr    1751 larva L1    1060 larva L2    885 larva L3 12hr old    617 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    554 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    1087 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    2296 white prepupae new    2569 white prepupae 12hr    1391 white prepupae 24hr    1129 pupae 2d postWPP    1430 pupae 3d postWPP    1795 pupae 4d postWPP    864 adult male 01day    939 adult male 05day    780 adult male 30day    813 adult female 01day    758 adult female 05day    495 adult female 30day    539 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0060296    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0060296 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval/adult hindgut. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0060296 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0060296 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    43.325 Larval Midgut    27.8 Larval Hindgut    152.5 Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body    6.8 Larval Salivary Gland    5.2 Larval Trachea    21.625 Larval Carcass    54.2 Adult Head    49 Adult Eye    62.25 Adult Brain    23 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2 Adult Crop    221.7 Adult Midgut    31.7 Adult Hindgut    206 Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body    7.5 Adult Salivary Gland    6.6 Adult Heart    7.175 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    6 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary    15.9 Adult Testis    15.6 Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass    41.3 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules no informative data Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules no informative data Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca no informative data Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland no informative data Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    49   NA  Eye    62.25   NA  Brain    23   43.325  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    24.2   NA  Crop    221.7   27.8  Midgut    31.7   152.5  Hindgut    206   no informative data  Malpighian Tubules    no informative data   6.8  Fat Body    7.5   5.2  Salivary Gland    6.6   NA  Heart    7.175   21.625  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    6   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  Ovary    15.9   NA  Testis    15.6   NA  Male Accessory Gland    no informative data   54.2  Carcass    41.3 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_18
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0060296 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG15860-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | partially, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2462 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 painGD2221 Other Phenotypes Allele chemosensitive behavior defective painEP2451 painEP2621 painGAL4 courtship behavior defective painEP2251 painEP2451 painGAL4 neurophysiology defective | recessive, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2451 pain response defective painEP2251 painEP2451 pain response defective | adult stage painEP2451 pain response defective | larval stage painEP2451 pain response defective | recessive, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2251 painEP2451 pain response defective | semidominant, with Scer\GAL4[-]: painEP2462 painEP2621 taste perception defective painEP2451 painEP2621 painGAL4 visible, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 painEP2251 wild-type painex36 Phenotype manifest in Allele embryonic/larval heart painEP2251 painEP2451 painEP2462 painEP2621 embryonic/larval heart, with Scer\GAL4NP1029 painGD2221 scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1 painEP2251
Classical Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of pain Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion painDG03806 1 -- painEP2251 P-element activity 1 Yes painEP2451 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence P-element activity 1 Yes painEP2621 P-element activity 1 Yes painGAL4 gene conversion 1 Yes painNP7022 1 -- painEP2174 0 -- painEP2462 P-element activity 0 -- painex36 P-element activity 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of pain Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion painGD2221 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes painJF01065 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes painJF01066 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes painScer\UAS.cTa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes pain+t8.5 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes paindsRNA.cRa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes paindsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes painScer\UAS.cSa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD2221} NA P{TRiP.JF01065} NA P{TRiP.JF01066} NA P{UAS-pain.FL} NA P{UAS-pain.RNAi} NA P{UAS-pain.T} NA characterization construct P{pain-rescue} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}painEP2174 NA P{EP}painEP2251 NA P{EP}painEP2451 NA P{EP}painEP2462 NA P{EP}painEP2621 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}painGAL4 No P{GawB}painNP7022 No miscellaneous insertions P{wHy}painDG03806 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 18 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
behavioral response to pain inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010) copulation inferred from mutant phenotype (Sakai et al., 2009) feeding behavior inferred from mutant phenotype (Al-Anzi et al., 2006) negative gravitaxis inferred from mutant phenotype (Sun et al., 2009) regulation of female receptivity inferred from mutant phenotype (Sakai et al., 2009) regulation of heart contraction inferred from mutant phenotype (Sénatore et al., 2010) response to heat inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010) sensory perception of pain inferred from mutant phenotype (Tracey et al., 2003, Neely et al., 2010) NOT thermotaxis inferred from mutant phenotype (Rosenzweig et al., 2005)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 11 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
calcium channel activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) ion channel activity inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) traceable author statement (Goodman, 2003)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
calcium ion transport inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) detection of mechanical stimulus involved in sensory perception traceable author statement (Goodman, 2003) ion transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) response to heat traceable author statement (Zars, 2003, Goodman, 2003) response to mechanical stimulus non-traceable author statement (Montell, 2003) sensory perception of pain non-traceable author statement (Tracey, 2003.4.3) transmembrane transport inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
integral to membrane non-traceable author statement (Montell, 2003) membrane inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR005821 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions pain allele Gene References
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63553 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0060296 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37985
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF11530 Dere\GG19878 Dgri\GH21975 Dmoj\GI19678 Dper\GL10901 Dpse\GA24531 Dsec\GM11779 Dsim\GD24909 Dvir\GJ17169 Dwil\GK20733 Dyak\GE11402
Curated drosophilid orthologs
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006835-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_001950177.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA001166-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CN15283 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CPIJ006747 Culex pipens (mosquito) 301376 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) XP_001601841.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM007621-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_974641.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13121 NV14270 LH18822 FBgn0229212 FBgn0222729 FBgn0221136 FBgn0204346 FBgn0201289 FBgn0196225 FBgn0166722 JGI_V11_301376 FBgn0245922 FBgn0148511 FBgn0142415 FBgn0129436 FBgn0112079 FBgn0088570 CPIJ006747 BGIBMGA001166 ACYPI006131 GB10136 AGAP013463 AGAP013366 AGAP012995 AGAP001582 AGAP001243 AAEL006835 PHUM216930 GLEAN_07561 GLEAN_15259
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 10 )
Bloomington	27894 w*; P{GawB}painGAL4 27895 w*; P{EP}painEP2451 31432 w*; P{EP}painEP2251 31510 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01065}attP2 31511 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01066}attP2 21029 y1 w67c23; P{wHy}painDG03806 28799 w*; P{EP}painEP2621/CyO; P{UAS-pain.T}AR9
Kyoto	105334 y* w*; P{GawB}painNP7022 / CyO, P{UAS-lacZ.UW14}UW14
VDRC	v39477 w1118; P{GD2221}v39477/TM3 v39478 w1118; P{GD2221}v39478/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR08I14 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 39 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP07070 RE03641
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH50016 RH56320
Other clones	668 42873 54608 56964 71892 152960 214225.64 214289.71 214509.58 274120 CK01.32B.F2 CK01.40B.F12 CK01.55A.F11 CK01.59B.F6 CK01.120A.G7 CK01.146D.G7 EK033842 EK045022 EK048055 EK091628 EK120528 EK121464 EK170345 EK180046 EK182208 EK200239 EK235928 EK256525 EK301621 EP09720 EP15636 FGA005A11 FGC031D05 FGM304D11 FGM324C09
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0060296 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37985
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Tracey et al., 2003)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: pain CG15860 (FlyBase, 1996-) Source for merge of: pain EP2251 (Tracey et al., 2003)
Additional comments	Source for merge of pain CG15860 was sequence comparison (date:030514). (FlyBase, 1996-)
Other Comments
	pain is autonomously required in the larval heart to mediate the response to mechanical stress. (Sénatore et al., 2010) Larvae simultaneously injected with dsRNAs against pain, pyx and CG31284 show normal thermotactic behaviour. (Rosenzweig et al., 2005) pain is essential for nociception, and is required for the activation of sensory neurons by noxious heat. (Tracey et al., 2003) Identification: genetic screen for mutants defective in a noxious heat response. (Tracey and Benzer, 2001)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_138135 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_611979 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF47293 AAP03646 AQ254843 AY268106 BI164070 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 37985 UniProtKB/TrEMBL • Q9W0Y6
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Ankyrin repeat (IPR002110) Ion transport (IPR005821) Ankyrin repeat-containing domain (IPR020683)
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63553 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0060296 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0060296 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0060296 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG15860-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0060296 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 37985 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL006835-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) XP_001950177.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) BGIBMGA001166-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) CN15283 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CPIJ006747 Culex pipens (mosquito) 301376 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) XP_001601841.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) PHUM007621-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) XP_974641.1 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /dbzhnsky/painles1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 37985 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0060296 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • PB13121 NV14270 LH18822 FBgn0229212 FBgn0222729 FBgn0221136 FBgn0204346 FBgn0201289 FBgn0196225 FBgn0166722 JGI_V11_301376 FBgn0245922 FBgn0148511 FBgn0142415 FBgn0129436 FBgn0112079 FBgn0088570 CPIJ006747 BGIBMGA001166 ACYPI006131 GB10136 AGAP013463 AGAP013366 AGAP012995 AGAP001582 AGAP001243 AAEL006835 PHUM216930 GLEAN_07561 GLEAN_15259
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 8 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG15860 (Giot et al., 2003, Roos et al., 2005, Altenhein et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2009, Ni et al., 2008, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008) CT31987 (Littleton and Ganetzky, 2000) EP2251 (Abdelilah-Seyfried et al., 2000, ) pain (Xu and Shen, 2007, Aldrich et al., 2010, Xu et al., 2010, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Junion et al., 2007, Xu et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Rosenzweig et al., 2008, Sun et al., 2009, Al-Anzi et al., 2006, Ni et al., 2009, Kim et al., 2010, Kwon et al., 2010, Beckervordersandforth et al., 2008, Sénatore et al., 2010, Matsuura et al., 2009) Pain (Chen et al., 2010)
Name Synonym	painless (Tracey and Benzer, 2001, Roos et al., 2005, Aldrich et al., 2010, Tobin and Bargmann, 2004, Horner and Wolfner, 2008, Sokabe et al., 2008, Xu et al., 2008, Kwon et al., 2008, Sakai et al., 2009, Rosenzweig et al., 2008, Kang et al., 2010, Neely et al., 2010, Zhang et al., 2007, Xiang et al., 2010) Painless (Lumpkin, 2007, Padinjat and Andrews, 2004) PAINLESS (Xu et al., 2010)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0035080 FBgn0043363
References ( 59 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 59 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 35 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 8 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 3 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 2 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 11 )
	Babcock et al., 2011, Curr. Biol. 21(18): 1525--1533 Hedgehog signaling regulates nociceptive sensitization. [FBrf0216292] Aldrich et al., 2010, J. Neurogenet. 24(1): 33--41 The amnesiac Gene Is Involved in the Regulation of Thermal Nociception in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209960] Chen et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(18): 6247--6252 The amiloride-sensitive epithelial Na+ channel PPK28 is essential for drosophila gustatory water reception. [FBrf0210746] Kang et al., 2010, Nature 464(7288): 597--600 Analysis of Drosophila TRPA1 reveals an ancient origin for human chemical nociception. [FBrf0210403] Kim et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(18): 8440--8445 Drosophila TRPA1 channel mediates chemical avoidance in gustatory receptor neurons. [FBrf0210738] Kwon et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(31): 10465--10471 Fine Thermotactic Discrimination between the Optimal and Slightly Cooler Temperatures via a TRPV Channel in Chordotonal Neurons. [FBrf0211446] Kwon et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(18): 1672--1678 Drosophila TRPA1 Channel Is Required to Avoid the Naturally Occurring Insect Repellent Citronellal. [FBrf0211878] Neely et al., 2010, Cell 143(4): 628--638 A Genome-wide Drosophila Screen for Heat Nociception Identifies α2δ3 as an Evolutionarily Conserved Pain Gene. [FBrf0212295] Sénatore et al., 2010, PLoS Genet. 6(9): e1001088 Response to Mechanical Stress Is Mediated by the TRPA Channel Painless in the Drosophila Heart. [FBrf0211762] Xiang et al., 2010, Nature 468(7326): 921--926 Light-avoidance-mediating photoreceptors tile the Drosophila larval body wall. [FBrf0212615] Xu et al., 2010, J. Neurosci. 30(7): 2504--2512 A g-protein-coupled neuropeptide y-like receptor suppresses behavioral and sensory response to multiple stressful stimuli in Drosophila. [FBrf0210034] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...