FB2025_01 , released February 20, 2025
Gene: Dmel\tmod
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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\tmod
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
tropomodulin
Annotation Symbol
CG1539
Feature Type
FlyBase ID
FBgn0082582
Gene Model Status
Stock Availability
Gene Summary
tropomodulin (tmod) encodes an actin/tropomyosin-associated protein involved in Notch signaling regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
Also Known As

spdo, l(3)00848, sanpodo

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-100
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:30532607..30578905
Sequence
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
Function
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (9 terms)
Molecular Function (1 term)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR004934
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000855822
Biological Process (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000855822
involved_in myofibril assembly
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000096564
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (3 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in fusome
inferred from direct assay
is_active_in M band
inferred from direct assay
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
is_active_in cytoskeleton
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000855822
is_active_in myofibril
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000096564
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Summaries
Gene Snapshot
tropomodulin (tmod) encodes an actin/tropomyosin-associated protein involved in Notch signaling regulation. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
18
Number of Unique Polypeptides
12

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\tmod for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Structure
Protein 3D structure   (Predicted by AlphaFold)   (AlphaFold entry A0A0B4K6N4)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.
Model Confidence:
  • Very high (pLDDT > 90)
  • Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
  • Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
  • Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures
Crossreferences
Comments on Gene Model

Multiphase exon postulated: exon reading frame differs in alternative transcripts.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Gene model reviewed during 6.32

Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
FBtr0085662
2537
367
FBtr0085663
2508
403
FBtr0085661
2716
409
FBtr0085659
2906
439
FBtr0085658
2685
439
FBtr0085660
2770
439
FBtr0113483
3192
526
FBtr0302110
2717
372
FBtr0302111
3000
439
FBtr0302112
2753
409
FBtr0302600
3232
424
FBtr0302601
2662
439
FBtr0306685
2299
449
FBtr0306686
2699
567
FBtr0306687
3484
424
FBtr0336446
4701
438
FBtr0336447
3182
454
FBtr0479778
2614
526
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)

7.9, 7.3, 5.8, 3.6, 3.1, 2.7 (northern blot)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
UniProt
RefSeq ID
GenBank
FBpp0085024
41.4
367
4.83
FBpp0085025
45.5
403
5.86
FBpp0085023
46.2
409
4.80
FBpp0085021
49.4
439
4.54
FBpp0085020
49.4
439
4.54
FBpp0085022
49.4
439
4.54
FBpp0112393
58.8
526
4.33
FBpp0291320
41.9
372
4.78
FBpp0291321
49.4
439
4.54
FBpp0291322
46.2
409
4.80
FBpp0291756
48.2
424
4.86
FBpp0291757
49.4
439
4.54
FBpp0297626
48.2
424
4.86
FBpp0428111
58.3
526
4.59
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

439 aa isoforms: tmod-PD, tmod-PE, tmod-PF, tmod-PI, tmod-PL
409 aa isoforms: tmod-PC, tmod-PJ
424 aa isoforms: tmod-PK, tmod-PO
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)

367, 45 (aa); 403, 43 (kD)

Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\tmod using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-1.13

Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

dorsal ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

endoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

head mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

mesectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

mesoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

ventral ectoderm anlage

Comment: anlage in statu nascendi

antennal anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

dorsal head epidermis anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

visual anlage in statu nascendi

Comment: reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage in statu nascendi

northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference

Comment: reference states expression starts at 9-12 hr AEL

Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
western blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Additional Descriptive Data

tmod mainly localized to

the M line during the period of indirect flight muscle sarcomere growth, with diffused signal

throughout the sarcomere.

Both tmod and α-Spec immunoreactivity associate with the fusome, but not in the exact same pattern as the germline cyst ages.

in the germarium, tmod is enriched in spectrosomes and fusomes from the germline stem cell to the fusome remnants in budding egg chambers. It is also found in fusomes throughout male cyst development.

The small spdo isoform was detected at all developmental stages tested. In adults, it was enriched in the head and abdomen. The 43kD isoform is the only form detected in myofibrils in pupae, where it is associated with the pointed ends of thin filaments. It is still detected in day 1 adults.

The 45kD spdo isoform is detected in adult flies, where it is enriched in thoraces and dissected IFM. The 45kD spdo isoform is not detected until 8-12hr after eclosion but is the major form in 2 day adults. It is associated with the thin filament pointed ends.

Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from high throughput direct assay
located_in fusome
inferred from direct assay
is_active_in M band
inferred from direct assay
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\tmod in JBrowse
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 28 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 8 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of tmod
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of tmod
Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 3 )
Inferred from experimentation ( 3 )
Gene partially disrupted in
Inferred from location ( 4 )
Variants
Variant Molecular Consequences
Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
Sterility
Allele
Other Phenotypes
Allele
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thick filament
indirect flight muscle & striated muscle thin filament
indirect flight muscle & Z disc
Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Homo sapiens (Human) (15)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
1  
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
1  
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
Hsap\LOC112268148
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (14)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (12)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
13 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (15)
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
6 of 13
No
Yes
3 of 13
No
Yes
2 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
Yes
1 of 13
No
No
1 of 13
No
No
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (17)
14 of 14
Yes
Yes
12 of 14
No
Yes
11 of 14
No
Yes
5 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
3 of 14
No
Yes
2 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (4)
13 of 14
Yes
Yes
4 of 14
No
Yes
1 of 14
No
No
1 of 14
No
No
Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (1)
11 of 12
Yes
Yes
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (1)
1 of 13
Yes
No
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)
Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)
Data provided directly from OrthoDB:tmod. Refer to their site for version information.
Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Evidence
References
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 2 )
Human Ortholog
Disease
Evidence
References
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Functional Complementation Data
Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
Interactions
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions
esyN Network Diagram
Show/hide secondary interactors 
(data from AllianceMine provided by esyN)
esyN Network Key:
Suppression
Enhancement
Other Interaction Browsers

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
Starting gene(s)
Interaction type
Interacting gene(s)
Reference
External Data
Linkouts
BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
Pathways
Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
Metabolic Pathways
FlyBase
External Links
External Data
Linkouts
Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
Class of Gene
Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
Chromosome (arm)
3R
Recombination map
3-100
Cytogenetic map
Sequence location
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Evidence for location
99F7-99F8
Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map
Notes
References
99F10-99F11
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
99F6-99F9
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Stocks and Reagents
Stocks (19)
Genomic Clones (39)
cDNA Clones (76)
 

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
RNAi and Array Information
Linkouts
DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
Antibody Information
Laboratory Generated Antibodies
 
Commercially Available Antibodies
 
Cell Line Information
Publicly Available Cell Lines
 
    Other Stable Cell Lines
     
      Other Comments

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

      dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene is tested in an RNAi screen for effects on actin-based lamella formation.

      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database merge of
      Additional comments

      The "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the CG31020 annotation and not to "tmod" as previously reported in FBrf0102830; molecular lesions in the CG31020 annotation have been identified in 12 spdo alleles, RNAi against CG31020 results in a central nervous system (CNS) phenotype essentially identical to that of spdo mutants and expression of CG31020 throughout the CNS of spdo mutant embryos results in complete to near-complete rescue of the spdo CNS phenotype.

      Annotations CG1539, CG15540, CG11493 merged as CG1539 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

      FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0102830 states that the "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the "tmod, tropomodulin" gene. However, FBrf0162056 shows that this was an error and the spdo complementation group actually corresponds to the CG31020 annotation.

      The "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the CG31020 annotation and not to the CG1539 annotation. It was reported in FBrf0102830 that "spdo" corresponds to the "tmod, tropomodulin" gene (the CG1539 annotation). However, this was subsequently shown to be an error. FBrf0162056 shows that the "spdo" complementation group corresponds instead to the CG31020 annotation.

      Nomenclature History
      Source for database identify of

      Source for identity of: tmod CG1539

      Nomenclature comments
      Etymology
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (16)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      CG11493
      CG15540
      l(3)S130910
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0011716
      • FBgn0010731
      • FBgn0039785
      • FBgn0039786
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      Study result (0)
      Result
      Result Type
      Title
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 117 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.
      BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
      Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      References (117)