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Gene: Dmel\Tpi

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Tpi
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Triose phosphate isomerase
Annotation Symbol
CG2171
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0086355
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
13 publicly available
Enzyme Name (EC)
Triose-phosphate isomerase (5.3.1.1)
Gene Snapshot
Triose phosphate isomerase is a soluble metabolic protein dimer that functions in glycolysis catalyzing the isomerization between dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate, which is essential for efficient ATP production. [Date last reviewed: 2016-06-30]
Other Summaries
Also Known As
wstd, ND14
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99D8-99D8
Sequence location
3R:30,132,981..30,134,599 [-]
Recombination map
3-100
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI Genome Data Viewer
UCSC Genome Browser
Ensembl Genome Browser
PopFly Genome Browser
GO Summary Ribbons
Families, Domains and Molecular Function
Gene Group Membership (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt, Sequence Similarities)
Belongs to the triosephosphate isomerase family. (P29613)
Protein Domains/Motifs
InterPro
Triosephosphate isomerase; Aldolase-type TIM barrel; Triosephosphate isomerase, active site; Triosephosphate isomerase, bacterial/eukaryotic; Triosephosphate isomerase superfamily
Molecular Function (see GO section for details)
Experimental Evidence
protein homodimerization activity; triose-phosphate isomerase activity
Predictions / Assertions
triose-phosphate isomerase activity
Catalytic Activity (EC)
Experimental Evidence
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate (5.3.1.1)
Predictions / Assertions
D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate = glycerone phosphate (5.3.1.1)
Summaries
Gene Group Membership
INTRAMOLECULAR OXIDOREDUCTASES INTERCONVERTING ALDOSES AND KETOSES -
Intramolecular oxidoreductases interconverting aldoses and ketoses catalyze the oxidation of one part of an aldose or ketose molecule and the concurrent reduction of another part of the same molecule. (Adapted from FBrf0238665.)
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
Tpi: Triosephosphate isomerase
Structural gene for the glycolytic enzyme triosphosphate isomerase [TPI (EC5.3.1.1)] found in muscle. Heterozygote contains the parental isozymes plus a hybrid isozyme.
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
3
Number of Unique Polypeptides
2

Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\Tpi or the JBrowse view of Dmel\Tpi for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model
Gene model reviewed during 5.47
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Tpi-RA
FBtr0085582
NM_176587
1374
348
Tpi-RB
FBtr0085583
NM_176588
1112
247
Tpi-RC
FBtr0085584
NM_176589
1268
247
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
1.3 (northern blot)
(Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Tpi-PA
FBpp0084948
37.9
348
7.73
NP_788764
AAN14218
Tpi-PB
FBpp0084949
26.6
247
5.80
NP_788765
AAN14219
Tpi-PC
FBpp0084950
26.6
247
5.80
NP_788766
AAF57011
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

The group(s) of polypeptides indicated below share identical sequence to each other.

247 aa isoforms: Tpi-PB, Tpi-PC
Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
247 (aa)
(Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
Homodimer.
(UniProt, P29613)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records
 
UniProt
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Tpi using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Gene Ontology (16 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
protein homodimerization activity
inferred from direct assay
(Roland et al., 2016)
triose-phosphate isomerase activity
inferred from direct assay
(Roland et al., 2016, Roland et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
triose-phosphate isomerase activity
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17751
(assigned by UniProt )
(UniProt Curators, 2002-)
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Biological Process (11 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (7 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
determination of adult lifespan
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Celotto et al., 2006)
glucose homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Ugrankar et al., 2015)
glycolytic process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Celotto et al., 2006)
myoblast fusion
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tixier et al., 2013)
nervous system process
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Celotto et al., 2006)
response to mechanical stimulus
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Celotto et al., 2006)
somatic muscle development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Tixier et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
gluconeogenesis
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate biosynthetic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate metabolic process
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P17751
(assigned by UniProt )
(UniProt Curators, 2002-)
glycerol catabolic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
glycolytic process
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Cellular Component (3 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
M band
inferred from direct assay
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
cytosol
inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN000474559
(assigned by GO_Central )
(Gaudet et al., 2011)
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
northern blot
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage -- adult stage
(Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
Additional Descriptive Data
Tpi transcripts are detected throughout development on northern blots. They are very abundant in very early embryos and then decline. Levels then rise to a peak in third instar larvae followed by a decline and a subsequent rise near the time of eclosion. This is a pattern characteristic of enzymes involved in intermediate metabolism.
(Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
enzyme assay or biochemical detection
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
wing disc
(Santaren et al., 1993)
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
flight muscle
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
flight muscle
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
flight muscle
• M band
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
flight muscle
• Z disc
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Dorus et al., 2006)
day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood
adult heart
(Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Glycolytic enzymes, including Tpi protein are localized to M bands and Z discs, as visualized in the isolated myofibrils of flight muscles, where immunoreactivity appears as alternating bright and less-intense bands.
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
Tpi protein was identified in wing discs.
(Santaren et al., 1993)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
M band
inferred from direct assay
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
Z disc
inferred from direct assay
(Sullivan et al., 2003)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Tpi in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Images
FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data)
  • Stages(s) 1-3
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 33 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Allele of Tpi
Class
Mutagen
Associated Insertion
Stocks
Known lesion
Tpisgk-1
hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence
    0
    Yes
    Tpi4
    2
    --
    Tpisgk-js10
    0
    Yes
    Tpi6
    2
    --
    TpiEY11806
    1
    Yes
    TpiEY03361
    1
    Yes
    TpiattP
    amorphic allele - molecular evidence
    0
    Yes
    TpihTPI.WT
    loss of function allele
    0
    Yes
    TpiK11M
    0
    Yes
    TpiK11M-CFP
    0
    Yes
    TpiM80T
    0
    Yes
    TpiWT
    0
    Yes
    TpiWT-CFP
    0
    Yes
    Tpi5-HA-1094
      1
      Yes
      TpiNP1356
        1
        Yes
        TpiNP5917
          1
          Yes
          Tpi1
          0
          Yes
          Tpi51
          0
          Yes
          Tpic511
          0
          Yes
          TpiG74E
          0
          Yes
          TpiG74E-CFP
          0
          Yes
          TpihTPI.I170V
          loss of function allele
          0
          Yes
          TpihTPI.M82T
          0
          Yes
          Tpisgk-R1
          0
          Yes
          Tpisgk-R2
          0
          Yes
          Tpisgk-R3
          0
          Yes
          Tpisgk-R4
          0
          Yes
          TpiT73R.G74E
          0
          Yes
          TpiT73R.G74E-CFP
          0
          Yes
          TpiT73R
          0
          Yes
          TpiT73R-CFP
          0
          Yes
          Tpiwstd-1
          0
          --
          Tpiwstd-2
            0
            --
            Other relevant insertions
            miscellaneous insertions
            Name
            Expression Data
            P{SUPor-P}KG03964
            NA
            Transgenic Constructs ( 9 )
            Deletions and Duplications ( 26 )
            Phenotypes
            For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
            Lethality
            Allele
            lethal | recessive
            partially lethal
            viable
            viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
            viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
            viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
            Sterility
            Allele
            fertile
            Other Phenotypes
            Allele
            bang sensitive
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiG74E)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiG74E-CFP)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpihTPI.I170V)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiK11M)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiM80T)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with Tpisgk-js10)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiT73R.G74E)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiT73R.G74E-CFP)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiT73R)
            bang sensitive | adult stage (with TpiT73R-CFP)
            bang sensitive | adult stage | recessive
            bang sensitive | chemical conditional
            bang sensitive | heat sensitive (with Tpisgk-1)
            bang sensitive | heat sensitive (with Tpisgk-js10)
            chemical resistant
            chemical sensitive
            electrophoretic variant | fast
            electrophoretic variant | slow
            endocytosis defective | progressive | third instar larval stage | heat sensitive
            endocytosis defective | third instar larval stage (with TpiK11M)
            endocytosis defective | third instar larval stage (with TpiT73R)
            heat stress response defective
            heat stress response defective (with Tpisgk-1)
            heat stress response defective (with Tpisgk-js10)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiG74E)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiG74E-CFP)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpihTPI.I170V)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiK11M)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiM80T)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with Tpisgk-js10)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiT73R.G74E)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiT73R.G74E-CFP)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiT73R)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage (with TpiT73R-CFP)
            heat stress response defective | adult stage | recessive
            hypoactive, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
            locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
            locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | progressive | heat sensitive
            long lived (with TpiK11M)
            long lived (with TpiT73R)
            long lived | dominant
            neuroanatomy defective
            neuroanatomy defective (with Tpisgk-1)
            neuroanatomy defective (with Tpisgk-js10)
            oxidative stress response defective
            paralytic | adult stage | progressive | heat sensitive
            short lived
            short lived, with Scer\GAL4Act5C.PI
            short lived, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155
            short lived (with TpiG74E)
            short lived (with TpiK11M)
            short lived (with TpiM80T)
            short lived (with Tpisgk-1)
            short lived (with Tpisgk-js10)
            short lived (with TpiT73R.G74E)
            short lived | heat sensitive (with Tpisgk-1)
            short lived | heat sensitive (with Tpisgk-js10)
            short lived | recessive
            stress response defective
            Phenotype manifest in
            Allele
            adult brain
            adult brain (with Tpisgk-1)
            adult brain (with Tpisgk-js10)
            central nervous system
            embryonic/larval somatic muscle
            embryonic/larval somatic muscle, with Scer\GAL4kirre.PU
            embryonic myoblast
            embryonic myoblast, with Scer\GAL4kirre.PU
            thoracico-abdominal ganglion (with Tpisgk-1)
            thoracico-abdominal ganglion (with Tpisgk-js10)
            Orthologs
            Downloads
            Download All DIOPT Orthologs
            Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
            Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
            Homo sapiens (Human) (1)
            Species\Gene Symbol
            Score
            Best Score
            Best Reverse Score
            Source
            Compara
            eggNOG
            Hieranoid
            Homologene
            Inparanoid
            Isobase
            OMA
            OrthoDB
            OrthoFinder
            OrthoInspector
            orthoMCL
            Panther
            Phylome
            RoundUp
            TreeFam
            ZFIN
            Alignment
            Complementation?
            Transgene?
            Hsap\TPI1
            14 of 15
            Yes
            Yes
             
            Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
            Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (1)
            Species\Gene Symbol
            Score
            Best Score
            Best Reverse Score
            Source
            Compara
            eggNOG
            Hieranoid
            Homologene
            Inparanoid
            Isobase
            OMA
            OrthoDB
            OrthoFinder
            OrthoInspector
            orthoMCL
            Panther
            Phylome
            RoundUp
            TreeFam
            ZFIN
            Alignment
            Complementation?
            Transgene?
            Mmus\Tpi1
            14 of 15
            Yes
            Yes
            Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (4)
            Rnor\Tpi1
            12 of 13
            Yes
            Yes
            Rnor\LOC100911515
            6 of 13
            No
            Yes
            Rnor\LOC500959
            3 of 13
            No
            Yes
            Rnor\LOC246267
            1 of 13
            No
            Yes
            Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (1)
            Xtro\tpi1
            12 of 12
            Yes
            Yes
            Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (2)
            Drer\tpi1a
            14 of 15
            Yes
            Yes
            Drer\tpi1b
            13 of 15
            No
            Yes
            Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (1)
            Cele\tpi-1
            13 of 15
            Yes
            Yes
            Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (2)
            Atha\TIM
            8 of 9
            Yes
            Yes
            Atha\TPI
            8 of 9
            Yes
            Yes
            Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (1)
            Scer\TPI1
            15 of 15
            Yes
            Yes
            Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
            Spom\tpi1
            12 of 12
            Yes
            Yes
            Orthologs in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09190ABM )
            Organism
            Common Name
            Gene
            AAA Syntenic Ortholog
            Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
            Drosophila melanogaster
            fruit fly
            Dmel\Tpi
            Drosophila suzukii
            Spotted wing Drosophila
            Dsuz\DS10_00009429
            Drosophila simulans
            Dsim\Tpi
            Drosophila sechellia
            Dsec\GM12179
            Drosophila erecta
            Dere\GG11962
            Drosophila yakuba
            Dyak\Tpi
            Drosophila ananassae
            Dana\GF16201
            Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
            Dpse\Tpi
            Drosophila persimilis
            Dper\GL14069
            Drosophila willistoni
            Dwil\GK13151
            Drosophila virilis
            Dvir\GJ10377
            Drosophila mojavensis
            Dmoj\GI23383
            Drosophila grimshawi
            Dgri\GH18391
            Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0915099U )
            Organism
            Common Name
            Gene
            Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
            Musca domestica
            House fly
            Mdoa\17015572
            Mayetiola destructor
            Hessian fly
            Mdes\Mdes011993
            Aedes aegypti
            Yellow fever mosquito
            Aaeg\AAEL002542
            Anopheles darlingi
            American malaria mosquito
            Adar\ADAC009228
            Anopheles gambiae
            Malaria mosquito
            Agam\AGAP001630
            Culex quinquefasciatus
            Southern house mosquito
            Cqui\CPIJ002354
            Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W0C2X )
            Organism
            Common Name
            Gene
            Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
            Bombyx mori
            Silkmoth
            Bmor\BGIBMGA000559
            Danaus plexippus
            Monarch butterfly
            Dple\DPOGS200089-PA
            Heliconius melpomene
            Postman butterfly
            Hmel\HMEL009810
            Apis florea
            Little honeybee
            Aflo\2320662948
            Apis mellifera
            Western honey bee
            Amel\GB54369
            Apis mellifera
            Western honey bee
            Amel\GB54370
            Bombus impatiens
            Common eastern bumble bee
            Bimp\BIMP10298
            Bombus terrestris
            Buff-tailed bumblebee
            Bter\15212974
            Linepithema humile
            Argentine ant
            Lhum\LH16840
            Megachile rotundata
            Alfalfa leafcutting bee
            Mrot\MROTU:000610
            Nasonia vitripennis
            Parasitic wasp
            Nvit\Nasvi2EG017420
            Dendroctonus ponderosae
            Mountain pine beetle
            Dpod\YQE_04739
            Tribolium castaneum
            Red flour beetle
            Tcas\GLEAN_07346
            Pediculus humanus
            Human body louse
            Phum\PHUM247280
            Rhodnius prolixus
            Kissing bug
            Rpro\RPRC004460
            Cimex lectularius
            Bed bug
            Clec\CLEC009438
            Cimex lectularius
            Bed bug
            Clec\CLEC008413
            Acyrthosiphon pisum
            Pea aphid
            Apim\ACYPI006727
            Zootermopsis nevadensis
            Nevada dampwood termite
            Znev\Znev_05332
            Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X0BSC )
            Organism
            Common Name
            Gene
            Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
            Strigamia maritima
            European centipede
            Smar\SMAR008009
            Ixodes scapularis
            Black-legged tick
            Isca\ISCW008869
            Stegodyphus mimosarum
            African social velvet spider
            Smim\KFM63557.1
            Stegodyphus mimosarum
            African social velvet spider
            Smim\KFM60045.1
            Tetranychus urticae
            Two-spotted spider mite
            Turt\tetur04g06650
            Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091G0LEZ )
            Organism
            Common Name
            Gene
            Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
            Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
            Purple sea urchin
            Spur\Sp-Tpi1
            Ciona intestinalis
            Vase tunicate
            Cint\LOC100183090
            Gallus gallus
            Domestic chicken
            Ggal\TPI1
            Human Disease Model Data
            FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
            Alleles Reported to Model Human Disease (Disease Ontology)
            Download
            Models ( 14 )
            Allele
            Disease
            Evidence
            References
            Tpisgk-js10
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpihTPI.I170V
            (Roland et al., 2015)
            in combination with Tpisgk-js10
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpihTPI.M82T, Hsap\TPI1M82T.Tpi
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            DOES NOT model  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpihTPI.WT, Hsap\TPI1Tpi.WT
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            Tpisgk-1
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Hrizo et al., 2013, Roland et al., 2013, Celotto et al., 2006)
            model of  neurodegenerative disease
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            TpiGD10138
            DOES NOT model  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiK11M
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpiT73R
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiG74E
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiT73R.G74E
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiM80T
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with Tpisgk-js10
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpihTPI.WT
            DOES NOT model  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with Tpisgk-js10, Hsap\TPI1Tpi.WT
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpihTPI.I170V
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with Tpisgk-js10
            (Roland et al., 2015)
            TpiT73R
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiK11M
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiT73R-CFP
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiG74E
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiK11M
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiG74E-CFP
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiT73R.G74E
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            inferred from mutant phenotype
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiK11M
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            in combination with TpiT73R.G74E-CFP
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiT73R-CFP
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpiT73R
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiG74E-CFP
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpiG74E-CFP
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpiT73R.G74E-CFP
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with TpiT73R.G74E-CFP
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            TpihTPI.M82T
            model of  triosephosphate isomerase deficiency
            in combination with Tpisgk-js10, Hsap\TPI1M82T.Tpi
            (Roland et al., 2016)
            Interactions ( 3 )
            Comments ( 1 )
             
            The neurological phenotypes of the Tpisgk-1 allele (which can be used to model triosephosphate isomerase deficiency) are genetically complemented by an allele (TpiK11M) which encodes a catalytically inactive enzyme. This suggests a non-metabolic function for Tpi in D.melanogaster, the loss of which contributes significantly to the neurological defects in the Tpisgk-1 animal model.
            (Roland et al., 2013)
            Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v7.1)
            Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
            Homo sapiens (Human)
            Gene name
            Score
            OMIM
            OMIM Phenotype
            Complementation?
            Transgene?
            TPI1; triosephosphate isomerase 1
            14 of 15
            190450
             
            Functional Complementation Data
            Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
            Interactions
            Summary of Physical Interactions
            Summary of Genetic Interactions
            esyN Network Diagram
            esyN Network Key:
            Suppression
            Enhancement
            View in Interactions Browser
            Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            Tpi
            suppressible
            Hsc70-4
            (Hrizo and Palladino, 2010)
            Tpi
            enhanceable
            Hsc70-4
            (Hrizo and Palladino, 2010)
            Tpi
            suppressible
            Hsp83
            (Hrizo and Palladino, 2010)
            Tpi
            suppressible
            Prosβ6
            (Seigle et al., 2008)
            Starting gene(s)
            Interaction type
            Interacting gene(s)
            Reference
            External Data
            Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
            Homodimer.
            (UniProt, P29613 )
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            Pathways
            Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
            Chromosome (arm)
            3R
            Recombination map
            3-100
            Cytogenetic map
            99D8-99D8
            Sequence location
            3R:30,132,981..30,134,599 [-]
            FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Evidence for location
            99D8-99D8
            Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
            Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
            Cytogenetic map
            Notes
            References
            99E-99E
            (determined by in situ hybridisation)
            (Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
            Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
            Location
            3-100
            (FlyBase, 2016)
            3-97.6
            (Comeron et al., 2012)
            3-100 +/- 3
            (Palladino et al., 2002)
            3-101.3
            Left of (cM)
            Right of (cM)
            Notes
            Stocks and Reagents
            Stocks (13)
            Genomic Clones (14)
             

            Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

            cDNA Clones (130)
             

            Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

            cDNA clones, fully sequences
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

            For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

            cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
            BDGP DGC clones
            Other clones
            RNAi and Array Information
            Linkouts
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            Antibody Information
            Laboratory Generated Antibodies
             
            polyclonal
            (Sullivan et al., 2003)
            Commercially Available Antibodies
             
            Other Information
            Relationship to Other Genes
            Source for database identify of
            Source for identity of: Tpi CG2171
            (Ye, 1999.11)
            Source for database merge of
            Source for merge of: Tpi ND14
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            Additional comments
            Other Comments
            Mutants have reduced longevity, progressive locomotor deficiency and neural degeneration.
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            In a sample of 79 genes with multiple introns, 33 showed significant heterogeneity in G+C content among introns of the same gene and significant positive correspondence between the intron and the third codon position G+C content within genes. These results are consistent with selection adding against preferred codons at the start of genes.
            (Kliman and Eyre-Walker, 1998)
            Identified in 2D gels of CMW W2 wing imaginal disc cell proteins.
            (Santaren et al., 1993)
            Isolated using a fragment of the chicken Tpi gene as a probe.
            (Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
            Tpi has been cloned and sequenced, and its developmental expression pattern analysed.
            (Shaw-Lee et al., 1991)
            Structural gene for the glycolytic enzyme triosephosphate isomerase (TPI) found in muscle. Heterozygote contains the parental isozymes plus a hybrid isozyme.
            Origin and Etymology
            Discoverer
            Etymology
            The gene has been named "sugarkill", due to the well characterised function of the Tpi protein in carbohydrate metabolism and the reduced longevity defect of Tpi mutants.
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            Identification
            External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 107 )
            Sequence Crossreferences
            NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
            GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
            GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
            RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
            UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
            Other crossreferences
            BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
            InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
            Linkouts
            BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
            Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones
            DPiM - Drosophila Protein interaction map
            DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
            DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
            Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
            FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
            FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
            FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            FlyCyc Pathways - Pathways from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel
            Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
            FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
            GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
            iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
            InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
            KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
            KEGG Pathways - Wiring diagrams of molecular interactions, reactions and relations.
            MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
            modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
            Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.
            Synonyms and Secondary IDs (15)
            Reported As
            Symbol Synonym
            CG2171
            (Aradska et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Cammarato et al., 2011, Lim et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Ambrus et al., 2009, Perkins et al., 2009.3.31, Nair et al., 2007)
            ND14
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            TPI
            (Roland et al., 2016, Roland et al., 2015, Hrizo et al., 2013, Roland et al., 2013, Hrizo and Palladino, 2010, Orosz et al., 2009, Palladino et al., 2008, Seigle et al., 2008, Zhou et al., 2008, Sullivan et al., 2003, Eanes, 1994)
            TPIS
            (Mushegian et al., 1998)
            Tpi
            (Chaudhuri et al., 2018, Ma et al., 2018, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Elgart et al., 2016, Adrion et al., 2015, Cogni et al., 2015, Ugrankar et al., 2015, Van Bortle et al., 2015, Wan et al., 2015, de la Cova et al., 2014, Lavington et al., 2014, Mukherjee et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Ciurciu et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Nirala et al., 2013, Oortveld et al., 2013, Roland et al., 2013, Tixier et al., 2013, Tixier et al., 2013, Jaiswal et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Eanes, 2011, Tennessen et al., 2011, Gan et al., 2010, Flowers et al., 2007, Palladino et al., 2007, Dorus et al., 2006, Eanes et al., 2006, Gnerer et al., 2006, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            sgk
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            tpi
            (Celotto et al., 2006)
            wstd
            (Chaudhuri et al., 2018, Gnerer et al., 2006)
            Name Synonyms
            Neurodegeneration 14
            (Palladino et al., 2002)
            Tpi
            (Cammarato et al., 2011)
            Triose phosphate isomerase
            (de la Cova et al., 2014, Wang et al., 2014, Lim et al., 2011, Seigle et al., 2008, Nair et al., 2007, Manh et al., 2005)
            Triosephosphate isomerase
            (Roland et al., 2013, Bozoky et al., 2009, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)
            sugarkill
            (Roland et al., 2013, Celotto et al., 2006)
            triose phosphate isomerase
            (Tennessen et al., 2011, Zhou et al., 2008, Sullivan et al., 2003)
            triosephosphate isomerase
            (Roland et al., 2016, Hrizo and Palladino, 2010, Eanes et al., 2006)
            wasted away
            (Gnerer et al., 2006)
            Secondary FlyBase IDs
            • FBgn0003738
            • FBgn0063906
            Datasets (0)
            Study focus (0)
            Experimental Role
            Project
            Project Type
            Title
            References (115)