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Gene Dmel\ncm

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\ncm	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	nucampholin	Annotation symbol	CG12750
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0086707
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	9 publicly available
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	2L	Recombination map
Cytogenetic map	36F5-36F5	Sequence location	2L:18,444,507..18,448,957 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene nucampholin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\ncm (CG12750, FBgn0086707). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. An electronic pipeline based on InterPro domains suggests that it has the molecular function: RNA binding; DNA binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: phagocytosis, engulfment. 14 alleles are reported. The phenotype of these alleles is annotated with: heart primordium. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Armadillo-type fold; Initiation factor eIF-4 gamma, MA3; MIF4-like, type 1/2/3; MIF4G-like, type 3. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland, adult male accessory gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1628866_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of ncm. Gene sequence location is 2L:18444507..18448957.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 36F5-36F5   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{lacW}Aac11k06710 and P{EP}CG10413EP2164
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 36E1-36E1     (Oh et al., 2003)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\ncm for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.44 Low-frequency junction(s) not annotated.
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) ncm-RA FBtr0081088  NM_136033   4231   1330
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein ncm-PA   FBpp0080638   151.6   1330   10.04     NP_609877   AAF53667
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Initiation factor eIF-4 gamma, MA3 (IPR003891) MIF4G-like, type 3 (IPR003890) MIF4-like, type 1/2/3 (IPR016021) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA391056   AA440509   AA802907   AA949512   AE014134 AAF53667   AB082323   AI135575   AI513250   AI531201   AI531202   AI533057   AI542347   AI542602   AI546547   AW944383   AY061596 AAL29144   AY089504 AAL90242   AY231939   BF488125   BF495162   BF499885   BF501870   BF502557   BG637953   BH011407   BI163455   BI168921   BI237992   BI372729   BI372809   BI636822   BP546358   BT031132   BT100034   CO186524   CO286128   CO292630   CO310739   CO340655   CZ472834   CZ472835   CZ474418   EC088029   EC195946   EC206284   EC227280   EC236646   EC247011   EC253378   EL874114   EL874237   EL874238   GH739579   GH746864   GH747444   GH762125   GH767267   GH768215   GH770048
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VJ87
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   organism   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   antennal anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage central brain anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage dorsal head epidermis anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage visual anlage   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as procephalic ectoderm anlage organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) posterior endoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) ventral ectoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) salivary gland body primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as salivary gland primordium embryonic stage 13 -- 16   embryonic/larval salivary gland   (Fisher et al., 2012) organism | faint & ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval salivary gland, adult male accessory gland. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: larval central nervous system, larval/adult hindgut, adult Malpighian tubules, adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult female reproductive system. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland  (638) Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (820.7) Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland  638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (820.7) Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    291.25 Larval Midgut    37.8 Larval Hindgut    122.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    85.6 Larval Fat Body    54.9 Larval Salivary Gland    638 Larval Trachea    192.475 Larval Carcass    84.325 Adult Head    53.3 Adult Eye    77.85 Adult Brain    74.1 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3 Adult Crop    85.5 Adult Midgut    45.5 Adult Hindgut    103.7 Adult Malpighian Tubules    103 Adult Fat Body    58.8 Adult Salivary Gland    403.6 Adult Heart    55.55 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6 Adult Ovary    313.2 Adult Testis    80.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    820.7 Adult Carcass    85.9 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    53.3   NA  Eye    77.85   NA  Brain    74.1   291.25  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    69.3   NA  Crop    85.5   37.8  Midgut    45.5   122.8  Hindgut    103.7   85.6  Malpighian Tubules    103   no informative data  Fat Body    58.8   638  Salivary Gland    403.6   NA  Heart    55.55   192.475  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    188.1   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    235.6   NA  Ovary    313.2   NA  Testis    80.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    820.7   84.325  Carcass    no informative data FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female    103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (39) central nervous system, larvae L3  (55) central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (36) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (92) ovary, mated 4-day female  (103) testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female  103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female    103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female    103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (39) central nervous system, larvae L3  (55) central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (36) carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (92) ovary, mated 4-day female  (103) testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male  (37) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female  103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    39 central nervous system, larvae L3    55 central nervous system, pupae P8    17 head, virgin 1-day female    14 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    9 head, mated 1-day female    14 head, mated 4-day female    15 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    12 head, mated 4-day male    19 head, mated 20-day male    16 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    11 salivary gland, white prepupae    20 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    13 digestive system, 1-day adult    13 digestive system, 4-day adult    21 digestive system, 20-day adult    10 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    12 fat body, white prepupae    16 fat body, pupae P8    12 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    36 carcass, 1-day adult    14 carcass, 4-day adult    24 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    92 ovary, mated 4-day female    103 testis, mated 4-day male    16 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    37 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of high expression to a trough of low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (40) embryo 02-04hr  (75) embryo 04-06hr  (74) embryo 06-08hr  (43) embryo 08-10hr  (43) embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr  (28) embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day  (32) adult female 30day  (30) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (40) embryo 02-04hr  (75) embryo 04-06hr  (74) embryo 06-08hr  (43) embryo 08-10hr  (43) embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr  28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day  32 adult female 30day  30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    40 embryo 02-04hr    75 embryo 04-06hr    74 embryo 06-08hr    43 embryo 08-10hr    43 embryo 10-12hr    23 embryo 12-14hr    28 embryo 14-16hr    16 embryo 16-18hr    15 embryo 18-20hr    7 embryo 20-22hr    22 embryo 22-24hr    22 larva L1    10 larva L2    12 larva L3 12hr old    8 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    8 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    12 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    13 white prepupae new    13 white prepupae 12hr    13 white prepupae 24hr    17 pupae 2d postWPP    10 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    3 adult male 01day    8 adult male 05day    9 adult male 30day    7 adult female 01day    13 adult female 05day    32 adult female 30day    30 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (77) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (44) embryonic 1182-4H  (56) embryonic GM2  (36) embryonic Kc167  (70) embryonic S1  (55) embryonic S3  (44) leg disc CME L1  (59) wing disc CME-W2  (46) wing disc ML-DmD8  (37) wing disc ML-DmD9  (56) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (105) wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32  (51) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (56) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (52) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (41) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (43) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (85) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (69) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (44) ovary fGS/OSS  (76) ovary OSC  (99) ovary OSS  (51) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (77) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (44) embryonic 1182-4H  (56) embryonic GM2  (36) embryonic Kc167  (70) embryonic S1  (55) embryonic S3  (44) leg disc CME L1  (59) wing disc CME-W2  (46) wing disc ML-DmD8  (37) wing disc ML-DmD9  (56) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (105) wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32  (51) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (56) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (52) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (41) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (43) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (85) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (69) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (44) ovary fGS/OSS  (76) ovary OSC  (99) ovary OSS  (51) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    77 Schneider line 2 Sg4    44 embryonic 1182-4H    56 embryonic GM2    36 embryonic Kc167    70 embryonic S1    55 embryonic S3    44 leg disc CME L1    59 wing disc CME-W2    46 wing disc ML-DmD8    37 wing disc ML-DmD9    56 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    105 wing disc ML-DmD21    24 wing disc ML-DmD32    51 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    56 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    52 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    41 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    43 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    85 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    69 tumorous blood cells mbn2    44 ovary fGS/OSS    76 ovary OSC    99 ovary OSS    51 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (34) cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult  (27) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (86) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (61) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (33) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (47) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (31) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (34) cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult  27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (76) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (86) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (34) Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (44) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (61) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (33) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (47) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    34 cold shock, 4-day adult    24 heat shock, 4-day adult    27 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    76 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    23 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    86 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    21 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    34 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    44 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    12 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    11 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    12 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    61 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    33 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    47 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    31 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    11 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    9 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_17 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_04
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • SD04745 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0086707 FlyExpress - Embryonic expression images (BDGP data) • Show all FlyExpress processed images for ncm Stages(s) 1-3 Stages(s) 4-6 Stages(s) 7-8 Stages(s) 11-12 Stages(s) 13-16
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele cell lethal | recessive | somatic clone ncm2a1 ncm2a2 lethal, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ncmGD7819 lethal | embryonic stage (with ncm2a1) ncm2a2 lethal | embryonic stage (with ncm2a2) ncm2a1 lethal | embryonic stage | recessive ncm2a1 ncm2a2 lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 ncmGD7819 lethal | recessive ncm2a1 ncm2a2 ncmSH0931 Other Phenotypes Allele hypoactive | first instar larval stage ncmSH0931 Phenotype manifest in Allele heart primordium ncmdsRNA.cKa ncmdsRNA.si.cKa
Classical Alleles ( 9 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of ncm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ncm2a1 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes ncm2a2 ethyl methanesulfonate 1 Yes ncmBG01636 P-element activity 1 -- ncmCB-5095-3 1 -- ncmd02469 P-element activity 1 -- ncmd05250 P-element activity 1 -- ncmd03440 0 -- ncmSH0931 P-element activity 0 Yes ncmSH1392 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of ncm Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion ncmGD7819 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes ncmKK100829 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes ncmdsRNA.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ncmdsRNA.si.cKa in vitro construct - RNAi 0 Yes ncmNIG.12750R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(2L)Exel8038 (Ryder, 2004.4.26) Df(2L)M36F-2 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)M36F-S5 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)M36F-S6 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)TW137 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005)
Not disrupted in	Df(2L)H20 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005, Marygold, 2005.1.19) Df(2L)OD15 (Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)T317 (Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)TW3 (Coelho et al., 2005) Df(2L)TW50 (Marygold, 2005.1.19, Coelho et al., 2005, Marygold, 2005.1.19) Df(2L)VA16 (Coelho et al., 2005)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{GD7819} NA P{KK100829} NA P{NIG.12750R} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data miscellaneous insertions P{GT1}ncmBG01636 NA P{RS3}ncmCB-5095-3 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{XP}ncmd02469 NA P{XP}ncmd03440 NA P{XP}ncmd05250 NA insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}ncmSH0931 No P{lacW}ncmSH1392 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 4 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 term )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
DNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003890 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-) RNA binding inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003890 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
RNA metabolic process inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR003890, InterPro:IPR016021 (FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
ncm - CG14641 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) ncm - CG15084 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ncm - CG6674 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ncm - Mtpα anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ncm - Tm1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ncm - U2A anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) ncm - snf anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions ncm allele Gene References unspecified Pi3K92E (Coelho et al., 2005)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61094 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0086707 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35099
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (49) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG6QC1R1 Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG68KRKK Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6RV1MN Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG6SF7N6 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG6DNSXQ
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG6QC1R1)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\ncm     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD21833     Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM17089     Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG21708     Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE12732     Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF14847     Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA25955     Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL19425     Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK15550     Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ19836     Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI17204     Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH10535
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG68KRKK)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL000707   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP007874   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ001478
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6RV1MN)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\GB50364   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG004705   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH12648   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP18575   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP18539   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO14011   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL13418   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH15000   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB19261   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV18858   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI009620   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA006044   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM091650   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC014785
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG6SF7N6)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\Sry   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW020150
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG6DNSXQ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\let-858   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_010596gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\DKEYP-104C8.1   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\cwc22   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\CWC22   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Cwc22   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Gm13695   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\OTTMUSG00000013393   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Cwc22   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\ENSRNOG00000042431   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\LOC500684   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\LOC680519   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\CWC22
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\CWC22
AAA Orthologs (0) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
No orthologs identified
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 9 )
Bloomington	17299 w1118; P{GT1}ncmBG01636 25901 w*; ncm2a1/CyO, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC3, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC7 25909 w*; ncm2a2/CyO, P{GAL4-Kr.C}DC3, P{UAS-GFP.S65T}DC7
Harvard	- P{XP}ncmd02469 - P{XP}ncmd05250
Kyoto	123456 w1118; P{RS3}ncmCB-5095-3
VDRC	v107717 P{KK100829}VIE-260B v17304 w1118; P{GD7819}v17304 v17303 w1118; P{GD7819}v17303/TM3
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR04D05 BACR13N02 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 46 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	GH13383 LD29051 LD29132 SD04745
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT04013 AT14660 AT17443 AT18227 AT23223 GM06549 LD14355 LD28340 RE02853 RE09830 RE34334 RE59782 RE59982 SD02140 SD02141 SD06310 SD08636 SD09016 SD18647
Other clones	71829 100044 106179 173674 214339.32 CK01.22C.F3 CK01.79D.A12 EK020622 EK061836 EK200632 EK222410 EP11055 FGH105E08 IP14166 IP14266 LD10057 RP001021114 RP001022723 RP001026298 RP001030815 RP001031567 RP001037153 RP001045872
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0086707 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35099
Antibody Information
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: ncm CG12750 l(2)SH0931 (Coelho et al., 2005)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: CG12750 l(2)SH0931 (Coelho et al., 2005)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) Identification: as a complementation group whose members dominantly modify the small wing phenotype caused by expression of Pi3K92ED954A.Scer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC under the control of Scer\GAL4Bx-MS1096. 2 alleles of ncm have been recovered. (Coelho et al., 2005) 4 alleles of ncm recovered in a P-insertion screen. (Oh et al., 2003)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_136033 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_609877 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAF53667 AAL29144 AAL90242 AB082323 AI135575 AI513250 AI533057 AW944383 AY061596 AY089504 BH011407 CZ472834 CZ472835 CZ474418 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 35099 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VJ87
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Initiation factor eIF-4 gamma, MA3 (IPR003891) MIF4G-like, type 3 (IPR003890) MIF4-like, type 1/2/3 (IPR016021) Armadillo-type fold (IPR016024) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • SD04745
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 61094 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0086707 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0086707 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0086707 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0086707 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 35099 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 35099 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0086707
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 7 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	CG12750 (Coelho et al., 2005, Kim et al., 2004, Marygold, 2005.1.19, Giot et al., 2003, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Haussmann et al., 2008) E-2a (Coelho et al., 2005) l(2)SH2 0931 (Oh et al., 2002.3.24) l(2)SH0931   ncm (Geng and MacDonald, 2007, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21)
Name Synonym	lethal (2) SH0931   nucampholin (Coelho et al., 2005, )
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0032678 FBgn0065582
References ( 27 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 27 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 6 ) Supplementary material  ( 6 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 9 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 1 ) Stock list  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 1 )
	Crawford et al., 2012, Cell Death Differ. 19(12): 2040--2048 Conservation of caspase substrates across metazoans suggests hierarchical importance of signaling pathways over specific targets and cleavage site motifs in apoptosis. [FBrf0220233] Show all research papers ...