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Gene Dmel\amn

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\amn	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	amnesiac	Annotation symbol	CG11937
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0086782
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	45 publicly available
Also Known As	PACAP38
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	X	Recombination map	1-
Cytogenetic map	18F4-19A2	Sequence location	X:19,780,141..19,784,093 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene amnesiac is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\amn (CG11937, FBgn0086782). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: neuropeptide hormone activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: olfactory learning; perineurial glial growth; learning or memory; memory; response to heat; medium-term memory; antimicrobial humoral response; behavioral response to ethanol; behavioral response to pain. 85 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: mushroom body calyx; eye; central nervous system; surface associated glial cell; embryonic/larval heart; bouton; Kenyon cell; intersegmental nerve; wing vein. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very low expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1625930_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of amn. Gene sequence location is X:19780141..19784093.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	amn: amnesiac (J.C. Hall) Homozygous or hemizygous mutant flies can be conditioned to avoid odors associated with electric shocks, but effects of conditioning decay with a half life of 15 min compared to 60 min for normal. Memory decay biphasic; rapid for first hour and slow thereafter (Tully). Substitution of reward (1.0 M sucrose) for punishment (electric shock) lengthens memory span from one hour to six hours (Tempel, Bonini, Dawson, and Quinn, 1983, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 80: 1482-86). Groups of amn flies exhibit apparently abnormal acquisition of learning in tests using visual cues (Folkers, 1982, J. Insect. Physiol. 28: 535-39); it appears that short-term memory is defective in the mutant (in shock-odor tests), with long-term memory being normal (Tully and Quinn, 1985, J. Comp. Physiol. 157: 263-77); in experiments involving "operant" conditioning, with heat as the aversive unconditioned stimulus, amn exhibits a small decrement in learning per se and subsequently has no detectable memory (Mariath, 1985, J. Insect Physiol. 31: 779-81). In tests of "simple learning," amnesiac individuals habituate to or are sensitized by sugar stimuli subnormally; the sensitization defect maps to the same proximal locus as that affecting associative conditioning (Duerr and Quinn, 1982, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 79: 3646-50). The effects on courtship behavior or preexposure to fertilized females decay more rapidly in amnesiac than in normal males (Siegel and Hall, 1979, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. USA 76: 3430-34; Ackerman and Siegel, 1986, J. Neurogenet. 3: 111-23), but amnesiac males are defective in expressing after-effects of exposure to immature wild-type males when tested immediately after such exposure (Gailey, Jackson, and Siegel, 1982, Genetics 102: 771-82). Females defective in ability to be primed by courtship song (Kyriacou and Hall, 1984, Nature (London) 308: 62-65).
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2012_01	References Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Hasegawa et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 983--993 Sequence features BKN23318
FB2011_10
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 18F4-19A2   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP1116&P{EP}EP1344EP1344 and P{EP}amnEP1649&P{EP}amnEP1442
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	1- (Moore et al., 1998)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\amn for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) amn-RA FBtr0074802  NM_078692   3953   180
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein amn-PA   FBpp0074571   20.4   180   10.96     NP_523416   AAF49025
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	170 (aa) (Feany and Quinn, 1995)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AE014298 AAF49025   AQ025319   AQ025325   AQ025368   AQ025467   AQ025505   AQ025537   AQ025559   AQ025567   AQ073249   AZ300986   BH610016   BH809493   BI619178   BI635856   BT100094   CK135968   CL868447   CL868448   CZ471722   CZ472647   CZ473736   CZ476071   CZ477174   CZ477175   DD171567   DD173679   U22825 AAC46587
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q24049
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference adult stage   mushroom body dorsal paired medial cell   (Waddell et al., 2000)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0086782    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0086782 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very low expression to a trough of no expression detected. Peak expression observed at stages throughout embryogenesis, during early larval stages, at stages throughout the pupal period, in adult male stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0086782 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0086782 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    0 embryo 02-04hr    3 embryo 04-06hr    12 embryo 06-08hr    31 embryo 08-10hr    21 embryo 10-12hr    3 embryo 12-14hr    12 embryo 14-16hr    11 embryo 16-18hr    10 embryo 18-20hr    10 embryo 20-22hr    18 embryo 22-24hr    24 larva L1    12 larva L2    9 larva L3 12hr old    15 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    8 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    10 white prepupae new    10 white prepupae 12hr    20 white prepupae 24hr    7 pupae 2d postWPP    15 pupae 3d postWPP    4 pupae 4d postWPP    7 adult male 01day    16 adult male 05day    23 adult male 30day    12 adult female 01day    5 adult female 05day    8 adult female 30day    8 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0086782    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0086782 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: No expression detected in any larval or adult organs/tissues. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0086782 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0086782 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    1.75 Larval Midgut    2.6 Larval Hindgut    2.8 Larval Malpighian Tubules    3 Larval Fat Body    4.7 Larval Salivary Gland    2.2 Larval Trachea    0.675 Larval Carcass    1.725 Adult Head    1.2 Adult Eye    1.85 Adult Brain    1.7 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7 Adult Crop    3.9 Adult Midgut    0.4 Adult Hindgut    1.5 Adult Malpighian Tubules    2.7 Adult Fat Body    2.5 Adult Salivary Gland    5 Adult Heart    0.825 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9 Adult Ovary    0.9 Adult Testis    1 Adult Male Accessory Gland    1.6 Adult Carcass    2.7 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    1.2   NA  Eye    1.85   NA  Brain    1.7   1.75  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    3.7   NA  Crop    3.9   2.6  Midgut    0.4   2.8  Hindgut    1.5   3  Malpighian Tubules    2.7   4.7  Fat Body    2.5   2.2  Salivary Gland    5   NA  Heart    0.825   0.675  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    2.8   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    2.9   NA  Ovary    0.9   NA  Testis    1   NA  Male Accessory Gland    1.6   1.725  Carcass    2.7 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0086782
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal, with Scer\GAL429BD amnGS1053 lethal | recessive amnPL15 semi-lethal, with Scer\GAL4c355 amnGS1053 viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 amnGD1178 Other Phenotypes Allele behavior defective amn1 behavior defective | recessive amnEX amnV13s chemical sensitive amnchpd amnunspecified chemical sensitive | recessive amn1 amn28A amnchpd amnV13s amnX8 courtship behavior defective amn28A learning defective amn1 learning defective | recessive amnunspecified locomotor behavior defective | drug conditional amnchpd memory defective amn1 amn28A amnchpd amnScer\UAS.cWa amnX8 memory defective, with Scer\GAL4c316, amnScer\UAS.cWa amnX8 memory defective, with Scer\GAL4c316, amnX8 amnScer\UAS.cWa memory defective, with Scer\GAL4Mz717, amnScer\UAS.cWa amnX8 memory defective, with Scer\GAL4Mz717, amnX8 amnScer\UAS.cWa memory defective (with amn1) amnX8 memory defective (with amnX8) amn1 memory defective | recessive amn1 amn28A amnEX amnP19A amnunspecified amnX8 memory defective | semidominant amn28A neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP346 neuroanatomy defective | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP346 amnEP1571 neurophysiology defective amn1 amn28A amnX8 pain response defective amn1 amn28A amnX8 pain response defective, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 amnEP1442 pain response defective (with amn28A) amnX8 pain response defective (with amnX8) amn28A smell perception defective amn28A visible, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 amnGS1053 visible, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev amnGS1053 wild-type amnhs.PM Phenotype manifest in Allele anterior fascicle & synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP1571 amnEP346 anterior fascicle & synapse | supernumerary, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP1571 bouton, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP971 central nervous system amnunspecified embryonic/larval heart amnunspecified eye, with Scer\GAL4dpp.blk1 amnGS1053 eye, with Scer\GAL4hs.2sev amnGS1053 intersegmental nerve, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 amnEP1571 amnEP346 Kenyon cell amn28A amnX8 amnc651 Kenyon cell (with amnc651) amnX8 Kenyon cell (with amnX8) amnc651 mushroom body calyx amnunspecified surface associated glial cell amnX8 wing vein, with Scer\GAL4c355 amnGS1053
Classical Alleles ( 80 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of amn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion amn1 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 2 Yes amn5-HA-1732 1 -- amn5-HA-2270 1 -- amn5-HA-3009 1 -- amn5-HA-5042 1 -- amn5-SZ-3422 1 -- amn5-SZ-3656 1 -- amn5-SZ-4100 1 -- amn5-SZ-4104 1 -- amn5-SZ-4105 1 -- amnCB-0259-3 1 -- amnCB-0640-3 1 -- amnCB-0675-3 1 -- amnCB-0927-3 1 -- amnCB-5445-3 1 -- amnCB-5613-3 1 -- amnCB-6272-3 1 -- amnchpd Delta2-3 1 Yes amnd02159 P-element activity 1 -- amnd04100 P-element activity 1 -- amnEP346 P-element activity 1 Yes amnEP971 P-element activity 1 Yes amnKG00206 P-element activity 1 Yes amnKG05433a P-element activity 1 Yes amnNP0397 1 -- amnNP0601 1 -- amnNP1096 1 -- amnNP2120 1 -- amnNP2140 1 -- amnNP2397 1 -- amnNP2447 1 -- amnNP2723 1 -- amnNP3161 1 -- amnNP3174 1 -- amnNP3570 1 -- amnNP5084 1 -- amnNP6013 1 -- amnNP6101 1 -- amnNP7139 1 -- amnNP7177 1 -- amnNP7203 1 -- amnNP7231 1 -- amn28A P-element activity 0 Yes amn5-HA-2524 0 -- amn5-HA-2554 0 -- amn5-HA-2631 0 -- amn5-HA-2661 0 -- amn5-HA-5097 0 -- amnc651 P-element activity 0 Yes amnCB-6783-3 0 -- amnd00643 P-element activity 0 -- amnd08108 P-element activity 0 -- amnd10245 P-element activity 0 -- amnEP1323 P-element activity 0 -- amnEP1442 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP1538 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP1571 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP1609 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP1639 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP1649 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEP367 P-element activity 0 Yes amnex1 P-element activity 0 Yes amnex39 P-element activity 0 Yes amnEX loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes amnEY10793 P-element activity 0 -- amnGG01035 0 -- amnGS1053 Delta2-3 0 Yes amnGS1124 0 -- amnGS1166 0 Yes amnJC14 P-element activity 0 Yes amnNP4010 0 -- amnNP4047 0 -- amnNP4111 0 -- amnNP4120 0 -- amnNP4139 0 -- amnP19A hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence Delta2-3 0 Yes amnPL15 Delta2-3 0 -- amnunspecified ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- amnV13s P-element activity 0 Yes amnX8 loss of function allele Delta2-3 0 Yes
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 5 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of amn Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion amnGD1178 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes amnJF01814 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes amnhs.PM in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes amnScer\UAS.cDa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes amnScer\UAS.cWa in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(1)mal12 (Tully and Gergen, 1986)
Not disrupted in	Df(1)mal3 (Tully and Gergen, 1986) Df(1)mal11 (Tully and Gergen, 1986)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data heat-shock construct P{hs-amn.M} NA UAS construct P{GD1178} NA P{TRiP.JF01814} NA P{UAS-amn.D} NA P{UAS-amn.W} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}amnEP346 NA P{EP}amnEP367 NA P{EP}amnEP971 NA P{EP}amnEP1323 NA P{EP}amnEP1442 NA P{EP}amnEP1538 NA P{EP}amnEP1571 NA P{EP}amnEP1609 NA P{EP}amnEP1639 NA P{EP}amnEP1649 NA P{EPgy2}amnEY01073 NA P{EPgy2}amnEY10793 NA P{GSV1}amnGS1053 NA P{GSV1}amnGS1124 NA P{GSV1}amnGS1166 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}amnGG01035 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B2028B2028 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B2029B2029 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}B2030B2030 NA P{Mae-UAS.6.11}GG01048GG01048 NA P{XP}amnd00643 NA P{XP}amnd02159 NA P{XP}amnd04100 NA P{XP}amnd08108 NA P{XP}amnd10245 NA miscellaneous insertions P{?GawB}amnX8 NA P{}amnEX NA P{}amnP19Aa NA P{}amnP19Ab NA P{}amnV13s NA P{RS3}amnCB-0259-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-0640-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-0675-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-0927-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-5445-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-5613-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-6272-3 NA P{RS3}amnCB-6783-3 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-1732 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-2270 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-2524 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-2554 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-2631 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-2661 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-3009 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-5042 NA P{RS5}amn5-HA-5097 NA P{RS5}amn5-SZ-3422 NA P{RS5}amn5-SZ-3656 NA P{RS5}amn5-SZ-4100 NA P{RS5}amn5-SZ-4104 NA P{RS5}amn5-SZ-4105 NA P{SUPor-P}amnKG00206 NA P{SUPor-P}amnKG05433a NA P{Switch2}GSG3173-3 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}amn28A No P{GawB}amnc651 No P{GawB}amnNP0397 No P{GawB}amnNP0601 No P{GawB}amnNP1096 No P{GawB}amnNP2120 No P{GawB}amnNP2140 No P{GawB}amnNP2397 No P{GawB}amnNP2447 No P{GawB}amnNP2723 No P{GawB}amnNP3161 No P{GawB}amnNP3174 No P{GawB}amnNP3570 No P{GawB}amnNP4010 No P{GawB}amnNP4047 No P{GawB}amnNP4111 No P{GawB}amnNP4120 No P{GawB}amnNP4139 No P{GawB}amnNP5084 No P{GawB}amnNP6013 No P{GawB}amnNP6101 No P{GawB}amnNP7139 No P{GawB}amnNP7177 No P{GawB}amnNP7203 No P{GawB}amnNP7231 No insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}amnPL15 No P{PZ}amnchpd No P{PZ}JC14JC14 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 21 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
antimicrobial humoral response inferred from mutant phenotype (Wiklund et al., 2002) behavioral response to ethanol inferred from mutant phenotype (Wolf et al., 2002) behavioral response to pain inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010) learning or memory inferred from mutant phenotype (Feany and Quinn, 1995) medium-term memory inferred from mutant phenotype (Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005) memory inferred from mutant phenotype (Yu et al., 2005, Keene et al., 2006, Kamyshev et al., 2000) olfactory learning inferred from direct assay (Keene et al., 2004) perineurial glial growth inferred from mutant phenotype (Yager et al., 2001) response to heat inferred from mutant phenotype (Aldrich et al., 2010)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 16 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
G-protein coupled receptor binding non-traceable author statement (Korzus, 2003) neuropeptide hormone activity inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Feany and Quinn, 1995) non-traceable author statement (Feany, 1995.3.14, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1, Hewes and Taghert, 2001) traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
activation of adenylate cyclase activity traceable author statement (Burrell and Sahley, 2001) anesthesia-resistant memory traceable author statement (Heisenberg, 2003) behavioral response to ethanol non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001, Rothenfluh and Heberlein, 2002) cAMP biosynthetic process traceable author statement (Heisenberg, 2003, Burrell and Sahley, 2001) cAMP-mediated signaling non-traceable author statement (Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000, Sokolowski, 2001, Korzus, 2003) traceable author statement (Burrell and Sahley, 2001) courtship behavior traceable author statement (Greenspan and Ferveur, 2000, Sokolowski, 2001) NOT learning traceable author statement (Dubnau and Tully, 2001) learning or memory non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1997.2.1, Korzus, 2003) long-term memory traceable author statement (Heisenberg, 2003) male courtship behavior traceable author statement (Emmons and Lipton, 2003) memory traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001, Dubnau and Tully, 2001, Sokolowski, 2001) neuropeptide signaling pathway traceable author statement (vanden Broeck, 2001) olfactory learning traceable author statement (Roman and Davis, 2001, Sokolowski, 2001) regulation of heart contraction non-traceable author statement (Sokolowski, 2001)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions amn allele Gene References amn1 dnc (Feany and Quinn, 1995) amnchpd rut (Moore et al., 1998) amnEP1442 pnr (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002) amnP19A dnc (Feany and Quinn, 1995) unspecified H (Mueller et al., 2005) pbl (Gregory et al., 2007)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59293 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0086782 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32999
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs
Curated drosophilid orthologs
Linkouts
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 45 )
Bloomington	5954 amn1 10150 w1118 P{EP}amnEP346
Harvard	- P{XP}amnd02159 - P{XP}amnd04100
Kyoto	108499 amn1 123096 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-0259-3 123268 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-0640-3 123280 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-0675-3 123383 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-0927-3 123628 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-5445-3 123712 w1118 P{RS3}amnCB-5613-3
VDRC	v5606 w1118; P{GD1178}v5606
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR48P17 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 3 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones
Other clones	RT03217
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	RH50157
Other clones	SD17376
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0086782 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32999
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Waddell et al., 2000)
Other Information
Discoverer
	Sziber.
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: chpd amn (Moore et al., 1998)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: amn Pacap38 (Bhattacharya et al., 2004)
Additional comments
Other Comments
	The expression pattern of amn, together with targetted mutant phenotypic analysis suggests a modulatory role for amn in memory formation. amn neuropeptide release from the dorsal paired medial cells onto the mushroom bodies is critical for normal olfactory memory. (Waddell et al., 2000) amn plays a role in memory as well as ethanol tolerance, but adult memory formation and ethanol sensitivity have different temporal and spatial requirements for amn function. (DeZazzo et al., 1999) The larval CNS and neuromuscular junctions have a PACAP-like immunoreactivity. Antibodies raised against mammalian PACAP38 identify a polypeptide of a similar size. Pacap38 may induce two temporally separated muscle responses: an early depolarisation and a late modulation of voltage-activated potassium currents. Muscle response is evoked by a high frequency stimulation of larval motor axons. (Zhong and Pena, 1995) Synaptic current and modulation of K+ current triggered by Pacap38 are mediated by coactivation of the Ras/Raf (Ras85D/phl) and rut cyclase pathways. (Zhong, 1995) Homozygous or hemizygous mutant flies can be conditioned to avoid odors associated with electric shocks, but effects of conditioning decay with a half life of 15 min compared to 60 min for normal. Memory decay biphasic; rapid for first hour and slow thereafter. (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992) Mutations in amn significantly reduce the females song memory after prestimulation with courtship hums. This suggests a simple sensitization process may be involved with the female pulse song memory (FBrf0041559). (Kyriacou, 1990) Memory retention curves and retrograde amnesia experiments suggest the amn mutations interferes with early memory formation. (Tully et al., 1990) Females defective in ability to be primed by courtship song. (Kyriacou and Hall, 1984) Substitution of reward (1.0 M sucrose) for punishment (electric shock) lengthens memory span from one hour to six hours. (Tempel et al., 1983) amn males are defective in expressing after-effects of exposure to immature wild-type males when tested immediately after such exposure. (Gailey et al., 1982) The effects on courtship behavior or pre-exposure to fertilized females decay more rapidly in amn than in normal males. (Siegel and Hall, 1979, Ackerman and Siegel, 1986)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_078692 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_523416 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AAC46587 AAF49025 AQ025319 AQ025325 AQ025368 AQ025467 AQ025505 AQ025537 AQ025559 AQ025567 AQ073249 AZ300986 BH610016 BH809493 BI635856 CL868447 CL868448 CZ471722 CZ472647 CZ473736 CZ476071 CZ477174 CZ477175 DD171567 DD173679 U22825 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 32999 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q24049
Other Crossreferences
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 59293 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0086782 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0086782 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0086782 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0086782 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 32999 Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /neural/amnesiac.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 32999 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0086782
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 18 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	amn (Keene et al., 2004, Aldrich et al., 2010, Davis, 2004, Bhattacharya et al., 2004, Yu et al., 2005, Laviolette et al., 2005, Preat, 2004, Griffith, 2006, van Swinderen, 2007, Reiter et al., 2007, Yager et al., 2001, Hall, 2002, Kitamoto, 2002, Melcher and Pankratz, 2005, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005, Honjo et al., 2008, Dubnau et al., 2003, Yamazaki et al., 2007, Kamyshev et al., 2000, Yu et al., 2006, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009, Hong et al., 2008, Lebreton and Martin, 2009, Hall, 2003, Johnson et al., 2005, Carreira et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Yin et al., 2009, Campbell et al., 2009, Zars, 2010, Barth and Heisenberg, 1997, Lee et al., 2011) Amn (Mensch et al., 2008) CG11937 (Bourbon et al., 2002, Kraut et al., 2001, Kraut et al., 2001, Laviolette et al., 2005, Grieder et al., 2007, Perkins et al., 1.15.2009) chpd (Moore et al., 1998) Drm-amn (vanden Broeck, 2001) EP(X)1442 (Pena-Rangel et al., 2002) PACAP (Burrell and Sahley, 2001) PACAP-38 (vanden Broeck, 2001) PACAP38 (Hannan et al., 1997, Zhong, 1995, Zhong, 1995) Pacap38   PACAP38-like (Zhong and Pena, 1995) PACAP-like (Zhong et al., 1993)
Name Synonym	amnesiac (Keene et al., 2004, Nicholson et al., 2008, Aldrich et al., 2010, Davis, 2004, Keene et al., 2006, Preat, 2004, Griffith, 2006, Bhattacharya et al., 2004, Yager et al., 2001, Hall, 2002, Kitamoto, 2002, Reaume and Sokolowski, 2006, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2005, Dubnau et al., 2003, Yamazaki et al., 2007, Wu et al., 2000, Kamyshev et al., 2000, Honjo and Furukubo-Tokunaga, 2009, Hong et al., 2008, Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010, Hall, 2003, Johnson et al., 2005, Carreira et al., 2009, Ruedi and Hughes, 2009, Yin et al., 2009, Gregory et al., 2007, Barth and Heisenberg, 1997, Lee et al., 2011, Hasegawa et al., 2011) Amnesiac (Mensch et al., 2008) cheap date (Lehrman, 2004) cheapdate (Moore et al., 1998) Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide   Pituitary adenylyl cyclase-activating polypeptide-like (Zhong and Pena, 1995)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000076 FBgn0015274
References ( 203 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 203 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 82 ) Supplementary material  ( 3 ) Review  ( 62 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 3 ) Abstract  ( 37 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) Book  ( 1 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Computer file  ( 3 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 1 ) Letter  ( 1 ) Book review  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 6 )
	Carreira et al., 2011, BMC Dev. Biol. 11: 32 Genetic basis of wing morphogenesis in Drosophila: sexual dimorphism and non-allometric effects of shape variation. [FBrf0214273] Eddison et al., 2011, Neuron 70(5): 979--990 arouser Reveals a Role for Synapse Number in the Regulation of Ethanol Sensitivity. [FBrf0213908] Hasegawa et al., 2011, Development 138(5): 983--993 Concentric zones, cell migration and neuronal circuits in the Drosophila visual center. [FBrf0213020] Lee et al., 2011, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 108(33): 13794--13799 Serotonin-mushroom body circuit modulating the formation of anesthesia-resistant memory in Drosophila. [FBrf0214737] Aldrich et al., 2010, J. Neurogenet. 24(1): 33--41 The amnesiac Gene Is Involved in the Regulation of Thermal Nociception in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0209960] Mastushita-Sakai et al., 2010, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 107(26): 11987--11992 Drosophila Orb2 targets genes involved in neuronal growth, synapse formation, and protein turnover. [FBrf0211209] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews ( 1 )
	Zars, 2010, Learn. Mem. 17(5): 246--251 Short-term memories in Drosophila are governed by general and specific genetic systems. [FBrf0210637] Show all reviews ...