FlyBase Gene Report: Dmel\α-Spec

FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025

FB2025_05 , released December 11, 2025

Gene: Dmel\α-Spec

General Information

Symbol

Dmel\α-Spec

Species

D. melanogaster

Name

α Spectrin

Annotation Symbol

CG1977

Feature Type

protein_coding_gene

FlyBase ID

FBgn0250789

Gene Model Status

Stock Availability

19 publicly available

Gene Summary

α Spectrin (α-Spec) encodes an essential protein that interacts with the products of β-Spec or kst to form a heterotetramer. It is typically associated with the plasma membrane. It functions in a lipoprotein pathway that delivers dietary fat to the larval fat body for storage. It is also believed to function in asymmetric division of germ line stem cells via cytoplasmic structures called spectrosomes and fusomes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)

All Summaries

Gene Snapshot
Alliance
Auto summary
Gene Group
UniProtKB
Red Book
Interactive Fly

Also Known As

Spectrin, alpha-spectrin, αSpec, l(3)dre3, alpha Spectrin

Key Links

Genomic Location

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:1,778,485..1,795,328 [-]

Recombination map

3-1.0

RefSeq locus

NT_037436 REGION:1778485..1795328

Sequence

Get Decorated FASTA

Genomic Maps

Other Genome Views

The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.

Function

Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (32 terms)

Molecular Function (4 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables actin binding

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000)

enables microtubule binding

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

enables actin filament binding

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001566526

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

enables calcium ion binding

inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR002048

(InterPro Project Members, 2004-)

Biological Process (16 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (13 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in axon midline choice point recognition

inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:β-Spec; FB:FBgn0250788

(Garbe et al., 2007)

involved_in central nervous system development

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Hummel et al., 1999)

involved_in cytoskeleton organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Tran et al., 2024)

involved_in germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation

inferred from mutant phenotype

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

involved_in germarium-derived oocyte fate determination

inferred from mutant phenotype

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

involved_in long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pielage et al., 2005)

involved_in maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure

inferred from direct assay

(Pielage et al., 2006)

involved_in negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pielage et al., 2005)

involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Featherstone et al., 2001)

involved_in oocyte construction

inferred from mutant phenotype

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

involved_in ovarian fusome organization

inferred from expression pattern

(Rodesch et al., 1997)

acts_upstream_of positive regulation of hippo signaling

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Deng et al., 2015)

involved_in regulation of synapse organization

inferred from mutant phenotype

(Pielage et al., 2005)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (3 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

involved_in actin cytoskeleton organization

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001566526

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

involved_in fusome organization

traceable author statement

(Pepling et al., 1999)

involved_in plasma membrane organization

traceable author statement

(Sisson et al., 2000)

Cellular Component (12 terms)

Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (9 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Deng et al., 2015)

located_in basolateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2009)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Ordonez et al., 2018, Sisson et al., 2000)

located_in fusome

inferred from direct assay

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000)

located_in lateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Deng et al., 2015)

located_in neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(Kohsaka et al., 2007)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2009, Sisson et al., 2000, Dubreuil et al., 1997)

located_in spectrosome

inferred from direct assay

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (4 terms)

CV Term

Evidence

References

is_active_in cell junction

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004321300

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in cell projection

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001566526

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in cortical actin cytoskeleton

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN001566526

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

is_active_in plasma membrane

inferred from biological aspect of ancestor with PANTHER:PTN004321300

(GO Reference Genome Project, 2011-)

Gene Group (FlyBase)

Protein Family (UniProt)

Belongs to the spectrin family. (P13395)

Protein Signatures (InterPro)

Summaries

Gene Snapshot

α Spectrin (α-Spec) encodes an essential protein that interacts with the products of β-Spec or kst to form a heterotetramer. It is typically associated with the plasma membrane. It functions in a lipoprotein pathway that delivers dietary fat to the larval fat body for storage. It is also believed to function in asymmetric division of germ line stem cells via cytoplasmic structures called spectrosomes and fusomes. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-21]

Gene Group (FlyBase)

SPECTRINS -: Spectrins are key components of the membrane cytoskeleton, mediating actin filament bundling, crosslinking, and binding. They are characterized by spectrin repeats (SRs) and other conserved domains, including calponin homology, EF hand, and calcium-binding motifs. Spectrins are crucial for maintaining cellular structure in diverse tissues, including muscle and neurons. (Adapted from FBrf0262762.)

Protein Function (UniProtKB)

Spectrin is the major constituent of the cytoskeletal network underlying the erythrocyte plasma membrane. It associates with band 4.1 and actin to form the cytoskeletal superstructure of the erythrocyte plasma membrane. Essential for larval survival and development. Stabilizes cell to cell interactions that are critical for the maintenance of cell shape and subcellular organization within embryonic tissues. Lva and spectrin may form a Golgi-based scaffold that mediates interaction of Golgi bodies with microtubules and facilitates Golgi-derived membrane secretion required for the formation of furrows during cellularization.

(UniProt, P13395)

Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)

l(3)62Bd

Hemizygotes die in first larval instar, with one of seven alleles tested occasionally surviving until the second instar.

αSpec: alpha Spectrin

Structural gene for alpha spectrin, a 234 kd polypeptide that forms an elongated heterodimer with beta spectrin to form an important cytoskeletal component. Product crossreacts with antibodies against mammalian spectrins; can be shown to bind to beta spectrin subunits.

Summary (Interactive Fly)

cytoskeletal protein - structural and docking protein - acts together with integrins to regulate actomyosin and columnarization, and to maintain a mono-layered follicular epithelium

Interactive Fly

Gene Model and Products

Number of Transcripts

4

Number of Unique Polypeptides

4

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\α-Spec for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)

Isoform displayed:

Pfam protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Protein Domains (via SMART)

Isoform displayed:

SMART protein domains

InterPro name

classification

start

end

Structure

Protein 3D structure (Predicted by AlphaFold) (AlphaFold entry P13395)

If you don't see a structure in the viewer, refresh your browser.

Model Confidence:

Very high (pLDDT > 90)
Confident (90 > pLDDT > 70)
Low (70 > pLDDT > 50)
Very low (pLDDT < 50)

AlphaFold produces a per-residue confidence score (pLDDT) between 0 and 100. Some regions with low pLDDT may be unstructured in isolation.

Experimentally Determined Structures

Crossreferences

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2SPC

Comments on Gene Model

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.46

Shares 5' UTR with upstream gene.

Transcript Data

Annotated Transcripts

Name

FlyBase ID

RefSeq ID

Length (nt)

Assoc. CDS (aa)

FBtr0072789

8221

2415

FBtr0332878

7721

2457

FBtr0332879

8317

2447

FBtr0332880

8251

2425

Additional Transcript Data and Comments

Reported size (kB)

7.292 (compiled cDNA)

(Lee et al., 1993)

8.0 (compiled cDNA)

(Pesacreta et al., 1989)

9.0 (unknown)

(Byers et al., 1987)

Comments

External Data

Crossreferences

Polypeptide Data

Annotated Polypeptides

Name

FlyBase ID

Predicted MW (kDa)

Length (aa)

Theoretical pI

UniProt

RefSeq ID

GenBank

FBpp0072672

278.3

2415

4.84

FBpp0305100

282.6

2457

4.84

FBpp0305101

281.3

2447

4.83

FBpp0305102

279.5

2425

4.85

Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments

Reported size (kDa)

280 (kD)

(Dubreuil et al., 1990)

Comments

The regions of the tail ends of the α-Spec and

β-Spec@ chains that are necessary for interchain binding were mapped in

vitro. Segments 20 and 21 and part of 22 of the α chain and segments 2

and 3 and part of 1 of the β chain are required for interchain binding.

(Viel and Branton, 1994)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Native spectrin molecule is a tetramer composed of two antiparallel heterodimers joined head to head so that each end of the native molecule includes the C-terminus of the alpha subunit and the N-terminus of the beta subunit. Interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner, interacts with F-actin and also interacts with Lva. Interacts with Ten-m.

(UniProt, P13395)

Crossreferences

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2SPC

Linkouts

Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model

Nucleotide / Polypeptide Records

Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\α-Spec using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data

Crossreferences

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

alpha-Spec_1

Linkouts

Expression Data

Testis-specificity index

The testis specificity index was calculated from modENCODE tissue expression data by Vedelek et al., 2018 to indicate the degree of testis enrichment compared to other tissues. Scores range from -2.52 (underrepresented) to 5.2 (very high testis bias).

-0.98

Transcript Expression

in situ

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 1 -- 3

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 4 -- 6

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 7 -- 8

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 9 -- 10

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

embryonic stage 11 -- 12

central brain primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

dorsal epidermis primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

foregut primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

midline primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

organism | ubiquitous

(Fisher et al., 2012)

proventriculus primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

ventral nerve cord primordium

(Fisher et al., 2012)

Additional Descriptive Data

Marker for

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Polypeptide Expression

immunolocalization

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

embryonic stage 16

embryonic dorsal vessel

(Perrin et al., 2004)

third instar larval stage

cell of embryonic/larval salivary gland

(Lee and Thomas, 2011)

embryonic/larval copper cell

(Phillips and Thomas, 2006)

germarium & follicle cell

• fusome

(Besse et al., 2002)

adult stage | male

testis | apical

(Schulz et al., 2004)

oogenesis & adult stage | female

female germline cyst

• fusome

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

adult stage | female & oogenesis

female germline cyst

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

female germline stem cell

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

oogenesis stage S1 -- S3 & adult stage | female

(Ong and Tan, 2010)

oogenesis stage S8 & adult stage | female

follicle cell | apical | lateral

(Ng et al., 2016)

adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S9

main body follicle cell

• spectrin-associated cytoskeleton

(Genova et al., 2000)

spermatogenesis

spermatocyte fusome

(Schulz et al., 2004)

spermatocyte cell spectrosome

(Schulz et al., 2004)

mass spectroscopy

Stage

Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)

Reference

• membrane

(Aradska et al., 2015)

day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood

(Cammarato et al., 2011)

Additional Descriptive Data

α-Spec protein is localized to all membrane surfaces of cells of the larval salivary gland.

(Lee and Thomas, 2011)

Both tmod and α-Spec immunoreactivity associate with the fusome, but not in the exact same pattern as the germline cyst ages.

(Stevens et al., 2009)

Marker for

(Dubreuil et al., 2010)

(Stevens et al., 2009)

(Yamamoto et al., 2013, Parma et al., 2007, Schulz et al., 2004)

(Parma et al., 2007, Schulz et al., 2004)

spermatocyte fusome

(Schulz et al., 2004)

Subcellular Localization

CV Term

Evidence

References

located_in apical plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Deng et al., 2015)

located_in basolateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2009)

located_in cell cortex

inferred from direct assay

(Ordonez et al., 2018, Sisson et al., 2000)

located_in fusome

inferred from direct assay

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

located_in Golgi apparatus

inferred from direct assay

(Sisson et al., 2000)

located_in lateral plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Deng et al., 2015)

located_in neuromuscular junction

inferred from direct assay

(Kohsaka et al., 2007)

located_in plasma membrane

inferred from direct assay

(Chen et al., 2009, Sisson et al., 2000, Dubreuil et al., 1997)

located_in spectrosome

inferred from direct assay

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

Expression Deduced from Reporters

High-Throughput Expression Data

Associated Tools

JBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\α-Spec in JBrowse

RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region

View exonic expression by developmental stage for Dmel\α-Spec

View exonic expression by tissue for Dmel\α-Spec

Bulk Downloads

RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes

Reference

See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.

Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle

Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis

External Data and Images

Linkouts

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0250789

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38231/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0250789

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0250789

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0250789

Images

Image Based Resources

Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations

Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 40 )

For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show

Other relevant insertions

Transgenic Constructs ( 20 )

For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show

Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of α-Spec

Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of α-Spec

Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 152 )

Inferred from experimentation ( 152 )

Gene disrupted in

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Hülsmeier et al., 2007, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Bhat et al., 1999, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Hülsmeier et al., 2007, Tanentzapf et al., 2000)

(Lee et al., 1993)

(Lee et al., 1993)

(de Cuevas et al., 1996, Lee et al., 1993)

Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Aprt-185

(Wang et al., 1994)

Gene not disrupted in

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Wang et al., 1994)

(Bhat et al., 1999)

(Lee et al., 1993)

Inferred from location ( 8 )

Variants

Variant Molecular Consequences

Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants

Phenotypes

For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.

Lethality

Allele

lethal | recessive

lethal - all die before end of first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

lethal - all die before end of larval stage

lethal - all die before end of larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

lethal - all die before end of larval stage | recessive

partially lethal, with Dcr-2^UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4^elav.PLu

α-Spec^GD9695

viable, with Scer\GAL4^pnr-MD237

α-Spec^GD9695

viable, with Scer\GAL4^tin.CΔ4

α-Spec^GD9695

viable | dominant

α-Spec^rg41

Sterility

Allele

female sterile | somatic clone

α-Spec^rg41

male fertile, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

α-Spec^HMC04371

Other Phenotypes

Allele

abnormal cell migration, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

abnormal flight, with Scer\GAL4^Mef2.PR

α-Spec^GD9695

abnormal neuroanatomy

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

abnormal neuroanatomy, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

abnormal neuroanatomy (with α-Spec^lm88)

α-Spec^rg41

abnormal neuroanatomy (with α-Spec^rg41)

α-Spec^lm88

abnormal neuroanatomy | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

α-Spec^KK101541

abnormal neuroanatomy | recessive

α-Spec^lm88

abnormal neurophysiology

α-Spec^rg41

abnormal neurophysiology, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

abnormal size | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

decreased fecundity, with α-Spec^{R22S.RpS27A.Tag:MYC}

α-Spec^rg41

decreased fecundity, with α-Spec^rg41

α-Spec^{R22S.RpS27A.Tag:MYC}

decreased rate of movement | recessive

α-Spec^rg41

increased cell number | oogenesis

α-Spec^rg41

increased occurrence of cell division | oogenesis

α-Spec^rg41

some die during first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^da.G32

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

some die during larval stage | recessive

some die during third instar larval stage

some die during third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

visible, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

Phenotype manifest in

Allele

adult olfactory receptor neuron Or47b, with Scer\GAL4^Or47b.7.467

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

adult olfactory receptor neuron Or67d, with Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

border follicle cell, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

bouton, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

brush border & larval midgut & embryo

α-Spec^rg41

α-Spec^rg41

cyst cell of ovary | germline clone

α-Spec^rg41

egg chamber | somatic clone

α-Spec^rg41

elongation stage spermatid, with Scer\GAL4^ptc-559.1

α-Spec^HMC04371

embryonic/larval middle midgut | embryonic stage

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^KK101541

embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | larval stage, with Scer\GAL4^elav.PU

α-Spec^KK101541

epithelium, with Scer\GAL4^NP1624

α-Spec^KK101541

female germline cyst, with Scer\GAL4^NP1624

α-Spec^KK101541

follicle cell | somatic clone

α-Spec^unspecified

α-Spec^rg35

germline cyst | germline clone

α-Spec^rg41

larval longitudinal connective

α-Spec^E2-26

male fusome, with Scer\GAL4^VP16.bam

α-Spec^HMC04371

male fusome, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

α-Spec^HMC04371

male germline ring canal, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

α-Spec^HMC04371

medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic

α-Spec^lm88

medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic (with α-Spec^lm88)

α-Spec^rg41

medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic (with α-Spec^rg41)

α-Spec^lm88

microtubule cytoskeleton & axon, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

microtubule cytoskeleton & nerve terminal, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

midgut interstitial cell

α-Spec^rg41

midline glial cell

α-Spec^E2-26

nurse cell | germline clone

α-Spec^rg41

oocyte, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

oocyte | germline clone

α-Spec^rg41

oocyte nucleus | somatic clone

α-Spec^rg41

ovariole | somatic clone

α-Spec^rg41

photoreceptor cell R8, with Scer\GAL4^GMR.long

α-Spec^GD9695

postsynaptic membrane, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system

presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system

α-Spec^E2-26

presynaptic active zone | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Or47b.7.467

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

presynaptic active zone | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

primary spermatocyte, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

α-Spec^HMC04371

α-Spec^E2-26

spermatogonial cyst, with Scer\GAL4^{VP16.nanos.UTR}

α-Spec^HMC04371

symmetrical commissure

α-Spec^rg41

synapse, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

synapse | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Or47b.7.467

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

synapse | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4^Or67d-GAL4-1

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

synaptic vesicle, with Scer\GAL4^elav-C155

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS

wing, with Scer\GAL4^tj.PU

α-Spec^RNAi.UAS.cUa

Orthologs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Orthologs

Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Homo sapiens (Human) (27)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

8 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

1

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

5

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

4

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1

Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Species\Gene Symbol

Score

Best Score

Best Reverse Score

Source

Alignment

Complementation?

Transgene?

Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (25)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

9 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (25)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

7 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (18)

11 of 13

Yes

Yes

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

2 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

1 of 13

No

No

Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (37)

14 of 14

Yes

Yes

4 of 14

No

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Drer\LOC110440135

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Drer\zgc:165653

1 of 14

No

Yes

Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (10)

12 of 14

Yes

Yes

3 of 14

No

No

3 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

No

2 of 14

No

Yes

2 of 14

No

Yes

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

1 of 14

No

No

Anopheles gambiae (African malaria mosquito) (10)

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006686

12 of 12

Yes

Yes

Agam\ACTN_ANOGA

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004440

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP010895

2 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP001177

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004645

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP004766

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP006107

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP007560

1 of 12

No

No

Agam\AgaP_AGAP011396

1 of 12

No

No

Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (3)

1 of 13

Yes

Yes

1 of 13

Yes

No

1 of 13

Yes

No

Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)

Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (2)

2 of 12

Yes

No

Spom\SPBC19C2.10

1 of 12

No

No

Escherichia coli (enterobacterium) (0)

Other Organism Orthologs (via OrthoDB)

Data provided directly from OrthoDB:α-Spec. Refer to their site for version information.

Paralogs

Downloads

Download All DIOPT Paralogs

Paralogs (via DIOPT v9.1)

Gene Symbol

Score

Source

Alignment

Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (13)

5 of 13

4 of 13

4 of 13

2 of 13

2 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

1 of 13

Human Disease Associations

FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports

Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations

Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 1 )

Allele

Disease

Evidence

References

α-Spec^UAS.cGa

model of autism spectrum disorder

CEA with shi^UAS.cGa

(Grice et al., 2015)

Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 6 )

Human Ortholog

Disease

Evidence

References

SPTAN1; spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1

model of developmental and epileptic encephalopathy 5

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of autosomal dominant distal hereditary motor neuronopathy 11

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of hereditary spastic paraplegia 91

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

SPTA1; spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1

model of hereditary elliptocytosis

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of hereditary spherocytosis type 3

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

model of hereditary pyropoikilocytosis

IEA

(FlyBase, 2019-)

Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )

Allele

Disease

Interaction

References

α-Spec^HMC04371

exacerbates carcinoma

modeled by scrib¹

(Kong et al., 2022)

exacerbates cancer

modeled by Rbf^HMS03004

(Parkhitko et al., 2021)

α-Spec^UAS.Tag:MYC

ameliorates synucleinopathy

modeled by Hsap\SNCA^QUAS.cOa

(Ordonez et al., 2018)

Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v9.1 and OMIM)

Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.

Homo sapiens (Human)

Gene name

Score

OMIM

OMIM Phenotype

DO term

Complementation?

Transgene?

SPTAN1; spectrin alpha, non-erythrocytic 1

14 of 14

SPTA1; spectrin alpha, erythrocytic 1

8 of 14

SPTB; spectrin beta, erythrocytic

3 of 14

hereditary spherocytosis type 2

SPTBN1; spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 1

3 of 14

DEVELOPMENTAL DELAY, IMPAIRED SPEECH, AND BEHAVIORAL ABNORMALITIES; DDISBA

SPTBN2; spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 2

3 of 14

SPECTRIN, BETA, NONERYTHROCYTIC, 2; SPTBN2

SPTBN4; spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 4

3 of 14

NEURODEVELOPMENTAL DISORDER WITH HYPOTONIA, NEUROPATHY, AND DEAFNESS; NEDHND

SPTBN5; spectrin beta, non-erythrocytic 5

3 of 14

Functional Complementation Data

Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.

Interactions

Summary of Physical Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details

RNA-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, quantitative reverse transcription pcr

(McDermott et al., 2014)

protein-protein

Physical Interaction

Assay

References

α-Spec - CG3008

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - CG9467

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - CLIP-190

molecular sieving, western blot

(Sisson et al., 2000)

far western blotting, tag visualisation

(Dubreuil et al., 1991)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Bogdanik et al., 2008)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - Gp210

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - Idh3a

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

α-Spec - Patronin

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Khanal et al., 2016)

α-Spec - Pi3K68D

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

α-Spec - S6kII

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

α-Spec - TER94

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - Ten-m

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Mosca et al., 2012)

α-Spec - Toll-6

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry, proximity ligation assay, fluorescence microscopy, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Kong et al., 2022)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - cPges

experimental knowledge based

(Guruharsha et al., 2011)

α-Spec - dachs

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(Kwon et al., 2013)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, anti tag western blot, molecular sieving, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, experimental knowledge based

(Duan et al., 2018, Khanal et al., 2016, Fletcher et al., 2015, Khanna et al., 2015, Guruharsha et al., 2011, Sisson et al., 2000)

molecular sieving, western blot, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, pull down

(Papoulas et al., 2005, Sisson et al., 2000)

α-Spec - rictor

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting

(D'Avino et al., 2008)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, western blot

(Khanal et al., 2016)

anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, Identification by mass spectrometry

(Vinayagam et al., 2016)

α-Spec - β-Spec

isothermal titration calorimetry, predetermined participant, molecular sieving, anti bait coimmunoprecipitation, western blot, ion exchange chromatography, molecular weight estimation by staining

(Denha et al., 2022, Khanna et al., 2015, Sisson et al., 2000, Viel and Branton, 1994, Dubreuil et al., 1987)

Summary of Genetic Interactions

Interaction Browsers

View in FlyBase Interactions Browser View in MIST tool (external link)

Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Keller et al., 2011)

enhanceable

(Hummel et al., 1999)

suppressible

(Keller et al., 2011)

suppressible

(Brace et al., 2014)

suppressible

(Pojer et al., 2021)

enhanceable

(Garbe et al., 2007)

Starting gene(s)

Interaction type

Interacting gene(s)

Reference

enhanceable

(Chen et al., 2009)

enhanceable

(Hummel et al., 1999)

enhanceable

(Garbe et al., 2007)

External Data

Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Native spectrin molecule is a tetramer composed of two antiparallel heterodimers joined head to head so that each end of the native molecule includes the C-terminus of the alpha subunit and the N-terminus of the beta subunit. Interacts with calmodulin in a calcium-dependent manner, interacts with F-actin and also interacts with Lva. Interacts with Ten-m.

(UniProt, P13395 )

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63763

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0250789

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38231

Pathways

Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)

Metabolic Pathways

FlyBase

External Links

External Data

Linkouts

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P13395

Class of Gene

gene_with_edited_transcript

(Graveley et al., 2011)

protein_coding_gene

Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data

Chromosome (arm)

3L

Recombination map

3-1.0

Cytogenetic map

Sequence location

3L:1,778,485..1,795,328 [-]

FlyBase Computed Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Evidence for location

62B4-62B4

Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}rho^EP3704&P{PZ}l(3)06226⁰⁶²²⁶ and P{PZ}dlt⁰⁴²⁷⁶

Experimentally Determined Cytological Location

Cytogenetic map

Notes

References

62B1-62B7

(Lee, 1994.9.22)

62B4-62B5

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Spradling et al., 1999)

62B4-62B5

(BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

62B1-62B7

(determined by in situ hybridisation)

(Dubreuil et al., 1989, Byers et al., 1987)

Experimentally Determined Recombination Data

Location

3-1.0

(FlyBase, 2016)

3-2.7

(Comeron et al., 2012)

3-2 +/- 2

(Hummel et al., 1999)

Left of (cM)

Right of (cM)

Notes

Stocks and Reagents

Stocks (19)

Aberrations including deletions of this gene Aberrations including duplications of this gene

32005

w^*; P{α-Spec.UPS}2

29089

w¹¹¹⁸; Mi{ET1}α-Spec^MB10065

31209

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.JF01727}attP2

42801

y¹ v¹; P{TRiP.GL01173}attP2

32004

y¹ w^*; P{RpS27A-α-Spec.MYC}2A

32003

y¹ w^*; P{RpS27A-α-Spec.R22S.MYC}3

97259

y¹ w^*; P{RpS27A-α-Spec.R22S.MYC}2

32002

y¹ w^*; P{RpS27A-α-Spec.d1-45.MYC}L

31998

P{FRT(nlacZ,α-spectrin)}C1, w^*; ry⁵⁰⁶

90937

w^*; α-Spec^rg41 P{neoFRT}80B/TM3, Sb¹

v110417

P{KK101541}VIE-260B

v25387

w¹¹¹⁸; P{GD9695}v25387

More stocks available...

Genomic Clones (18)

Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

cDNA Clones (92)

Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see JBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

cDNA clones, fully sequenced

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

FBgn0250789

cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)

BDGP DGC clones

Other clones

RNAi and Array Information

Linkouts

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0250789

Antibody Information

Laboratory Generated Antibodies

polyclonal

(Perrin et al., 2004, Dubreuil et al., 1990)

monoclonal

(Schulz et al., 2004)

Commercially Available Antibodies

Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research

3A9_(323_or_M10-2)

Cell Line Information

Publicly Available Cell Lines

Other Stable Cell Lines

Other Comments

α-Spec functions, with β-Spec, at the presynapse as an essential presynaptic scaffold that may link synaptic cell adhesion with the stabilization of the underlying microtubule cytoskeleton.

(Pielage et al., 2005)

dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R⁺ cell morphology.

(Kiger et al., 2003)

The dlt open reading frame is located within the first intron of α-Spec and the two genes share a common first untranslated exon. Overall orientation not stated: Patj- CG12020- Cdc37- α-Spec+ dlt+ α-Spec+

(Pielage et al., 2003)

Spectrin is necessary for the capture and tethering of membrane associated proteins required for presynaptic neurotransmitter release.

(Featherstone et al., 2001)

The absence of spectrins disrupts neurotransmission but does not alter postsynaptic glutamate receptor field function or the ultrastructural localization of presynaptic vesicles. The subcellular location of many synaptic proteins is affected.

(Featherstone et al., 2001)

Four EMS induced alleles were identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo.

(Hummel et al., 1999)

α-Spec is required for ovarian follicle monolayer integrity. Elimination of α-Spec from follicle cells does not appear to prevent the assembly of conventional β-Spec and Ank products at the lateral domain of the follicle cell plasma membrane. However α-Spec is required for the correct localization of Β_H-spectrin to the apical surface.

(Lee et al., 1997)

The α-Spec gene product is a component of both fusomes and spectrosomes.

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

Clonal analysis demonstrates α-Spec is required in the germline (but not in the follicle cells) for cyst formation and oocyte differentiation. Its role in each process is distinct from that of hts protein. The organisation of membrane skeletal proteins is more dependent on α-Spec in the fusome than at the plasma membrane in other cells. The fusome and associated membrane skeleton play a central role in regulating the divisions and differentiation of cyst cells.

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

The results of clonal analysis suggest that spectrin is involved in the spatial arrangement of the follicle cell population during oocyte development.

(Lee et al., 1995)

The hts and α-Spec products are components of the fusome, which is required for ovarian cyst formation.

(Lin et al., 1994)

Recombinant proteins constructs of α-Spec and β-Spec, whose primary structures correspond to the regions required for tail end interchain binding (segments 19-22 of α-Spec and segments 1-4 of β-Spec), demonstrate that interchain binding depends on multiple sites within both the nonrepetitive segments and adjacent repetitive segments of both chains.

(Viel and Branton, 1994)

The structure of one of the repetitive segments of α-Spec has been determined at 1.8 angstrom resolution. The segment consists of a three helix bundle. Hydrophobic interactions between two tandem segments may constrain intersegment flexibility.

(Yan et al., 1993)

Various regions of the α-Spec molecule exhibit structural autonomy thus enabling fragments of the molecule to fold properly when expressed in bacteria. Results localise the calmodulin binding and calcium binding sites within specific segments of the protein.

(Dubreuil et al., 1991)

Single repetitive motifs and pairs of motifs can fold into stable conformations similar to that of native α-Spec when their N-terminal ends are 26 residues downstream of the residue that has usually been designated to be the first position of each repetitive motif.

(Winograd et al., 1991)

Mutant hemizygotes are larval lethal; dying in the first or (rarely) second instar.

(Sliter et al., 1989)

Relationship to Other Genes

Source for database merge of

Source for merge of: α-Spec anon- EST:fe2E2

(Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)

Source for merge of: klo α-Spec

(Hülsmeier et al., 2007)

Additional comments

One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene share(s) untranslated sequences with a transcript of an adjacent gene, but encode(s) a single open reading frame (ORF). The non-overlapping ORFs that share untranslated sequences are represented by dlt and α-Spec.

(FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

Nomenclature History

Source for database identify of

Source for identity of: α-Spec CG1977

(Deng, 1999.11)

Nomenclature comments

Etymology

"klotzchen" means "small building block" in German.

(Hummel et al., 1999)

Synonyms and Secondary IDs (49)

Reported As

Symbol Synonym

3A9

(Usui and Simpson, 2000)

AlphaSpec

(Kuznetsova et al., 2018)

CG1977

(Kolkhof et al., 2017, Neuert et al., 2017, Çiçek et al., 2016, Balakrishnan et al., 2015, Rosa-Ferreira et al., 2015, Christis and Munro, 2012, Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Khanna et al., 2010, Müller et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Whitfield, 2001.2.21, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)

FBtr0072789

(Li et al., 2012)

FCP-B

(Horne-Badovinac et al., 2012)

SPTCA

(Beghelli et al., 2024, Liu et al., 2018)

Sp

(Clémot et al., 2018)

Spec

(Foley et al., 2010, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Gorczyca et al., 2007)

Spectrin

(Johnson, 2021, Xing et al., 2018, Harder et al., 2008)

alfa-Spec

(Szafranski and Goode, 2006)

alpha Spectrin

(Renault et al., 2010)

alpha pectrin

(Buckley and St Johnston, 2022)

alpha spectrin

(Sen and Cox, 2016)

alpha-Spec

(Pang et al., 2021, Parkhitko et al., 2021, Gene Disruption Project members, 2018-, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Chen et al., 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Kwon et al., 2013, Kwon et al., 2013, Friedman et al., 2011, Müller et al., 2010, Bakal et al., 2007, Beller et al., 2006, Giot et al., 2003, Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002)

alpha-spec

(Kallappagoudar et al., 2010)

anon-EST:fe2E2

dre3

(Machado and Andrew, 2000)

klo

(Hülsmeier et al., 2007)

l(3)04276

(Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999)

l(3)62Bd

(Lindsley and Zimm, 1992)

l(3)dre3

(Brand et al., 1997, Lee et al., 1993, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, Sliter et al., 1989)

l(3)α-Spec

(de Cuevas et al., 1996)

spectrin

(Kumar et al., 2009, Jin et al., 2005)

α

(Medina et al., 2002, Dubreuil et al., 1995)

α Specrin

(Ott et al., 2024)

α-SPEC

(Lear et al., 2013)

α-Sp

(Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Phillips and Thomas, 2006)

α-Spc

(McKearin, 1997)

α-Spe

(Narbonne-Reveau and Lilly, 2009, Tsuda et al., 2008)

α-Spec

(Rommelaere et al., 2025, Garcia-Vaquero et al., 2023, Khalili et al., 2023, Li et al., 2023, Meyer et al., 2022, Bilder et al., 2021, Bouska and Bai, 2021, Pojer et al., 2021, Uçkun et al., 2021, Aboukilila et al., 2020, Kaufman et al., 2020, Takai et al., 2020, Wang et al., 2020, Tiwari et al., 2019, Forest et al., 2018, Ordonez et al., 2018, Qu et al., 2017, Ng et al., 2016, Piegholdt et al., 2016, Escobar et al., 2015, Fletcher et al., 2015, Fox and Andrew, 2015, Harris and Littleton, 2015, Bätz et al., 2014, Chung and Andrew, 2014, Morais-de-Sá et al., 2014, Desai et al., 2013, Klose et al., 2013, Letizia et al., 2013, Xin et al., 2013, Zhao et al., 2013, Horne-Badovinac et al., 2012, Sarpal et al., 2012, Syed et al., 2012, Mazock et al., 2010, Chung et al., 2009, Dansereau and Lasko, 2008, Hsu et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Besse et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Nam et al., 2007, Parma et al., 2007, Stuart et al., 2007, Szafranski and Goode, 2007, Djiane et al., 2005, Wei et al., 2004, Williams et al., 2004)

α-Spect

(Woolworth et al., 2009)

α-Spectrin

(Samuels et al., 2025, Yang et al., 2025, Clémot et al., 2024, Fleck et al., 2024, Ilık et al., 2024, Matsuka et al., 2024, Tang et al., 2024, Rojas-Ríos et al., 2012, Stümpges and Behr, 2011)

α-spectrin

(Fu et al., 2024, Eikenes et al., 2015, Lee and Thomas, 2011, Haglund et al., 2010, Massaro et al., 2009, Behr et al., 2007)

αSp

(Khanna et al., 2010)

αSpec

(Chen and St Johnston, 2022, Neuert et al., 2017, Albrecht et al., 2011, Guo and Wang, 2009, Jayaram et al., 2008, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008, Zhao et al., 2008)

αSpectrin

(Drechsler et al., 2013)

Name Synonyms

Alpha Spectrin

(Lighthouse et al., 2008)

Alpha spectrin

(Lu et al., 2025)

Alpha-spectrin

(Khanna et al., 2010)

Spectrin

(Spradling et al., 2022, Calvo et al., 2021, Coyle, 2014, Barton et al., 2013, Ataman, 2006, Niki, 2006, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Schulte et al., 2006, Warren et al., 2004, Hoover and Bryant, 2002, Bellaiche et al., 2001, Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000, Chavez et al., 2000, Bhat et al., 1996)

aSpc 3A9

(Wehr et al., 2006)

alpha Spectrin

(Jaspers et al., 2012, Cammarato et al., 2011, Chen et al., 2007)

alpha spectrin

(Reilly et al., 2015, Dahl, 1991)

alpha-Spectrin

(Kong et al., 2022, Ocorr et al., 2014, Grusche et al., 2009, Bogdanik et al., 2008, Kiger et al., 2000)

alpha-spectrin

(Grice et al., 2015, Reilly et al., 2015, Boyle and Berg, 2009, Romani et al., 2007, Hinson et al., 1999, Lee, 1994.9.22, Lee, 1994.9.22, Pesacreta et al., 1989)

alpha-spectrin II

(Mehta and Bhat, 2001)

anon-fast-evolving-2E2

klotzchen

(Hülsmeier et al., 2007, Hummel et al., 1999, Hummel et al., 1999)

spectrin

(Duan et al., 2024, Keller et al., 2011, Fabian et al., 2010, Wang et al., 2008, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Cox et al., 1998, Martinez Arias, 1993)

α Spectrin

α spectrin

(Dubreuil et al., 2010, Dubreuil et al., 1997)

α-SPECTRIN

(Lear et al., 2013, Lee et al., 2010)

α-Spectrin

(Kotov et al., 2024, Xu et al., 2024, Schmidt and Grosshans, 2018, Ng et al., 2016, Fletcher et al., 2015, Kim et al., 2015, Chung and Andrew, 2014, Loya et al., 2014, Desai et al., 2013, Eikenes et al., 2013, Fox et al., 2013, Groth et al., 2013, Lerner et al., 2013, Luo et al., 2013, Tögel et al., 2013, Xin et al., 2013, Zimmerman et al., 2013, Ile et al., 2012, Mosca et al., 2012, Nechipurenko and Broihier, 2012, Sarpal et al., 2012, Baxley et al., 2011, Mukai et al., 2011, Senger et al., 2011, Tjota et al., 2011, Khanna et al., 2010, Lewandowski et al., 2010, Ong and Tan, 2010, Robinson et al., 2010, Fichelson et al., 2009, Guerin and Kramer, 2009, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Wingen et al., 2009, D'Avino et al., 2008, Hsu et al., 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Moyer and Jacobs, 2008, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2008, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008, Schotman et al., 2008, Wang et al., 2008, Besse et al., 2007, Bogard et al., 2007, Chen et al., 2007, Gorczyca et al., 2007, Hülsmeier et al., 2007, Kohsaka et al., 2007, Martin et al., 2007, Parma et al., 2007, Roper, 2007, Takada et al., 2007, Tsarouhas et al., 2007, Albrecht et al., 2006, Pielage et al., 2006, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Simões et al., 2006, Zaffran et al., 2006, Betschinger et al., 2005, MacDougall et al., 2004, Wei et al., 2004, Williams et al., 2004, Cereijido et al., 2003, Takahashi et al., 1998)

α-spectrin

(Fasulo et al., 2020, Gou et al., 2020, de Oliveira Souza et al., 2019, Metwally et al., 2019, Clémot et al., 2018, Kotov et al., 2016, Escobar et al., 2015, Khanna et al., 2015, Wong et al., 2015, Blunk et al., 2014, Brace et al., 2014, Giuliani et al., 2013, Ismat et al., 2013, Yamamoto et al., 2013, Kim et al., 2012, Pek et al., 2012, Sen et al., 2012, Tran et al., 2012, Klenov et al., 2011, Parrott et al., 2011, Fabian et al., 2010, Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010, Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Nahm et al., 2010, Ong et al., 2010, Ueyama et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2009, Lee et al., 2009, Ramachandran et al., 2009, Woolworth et al., 2009, Dansereau and Lasko, 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Nam et al., 2008, Pielage et al., 2008, Woolworth and Hsu, 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Garbe et al., 2007, Petrella et al., 2007, Phillips and Thomas, 2006, Siddall et al., 2006, Becam et al., 2005, Papoulas et al., 2005, Yamashita et al., 2005, Stork et al., 2004, Martin and St. Johnston, 2003, Pielage et al., 2003, Baksa et al., 2002, Roper et al., 2002, Deng and Lin, 2001, Smith, 2001, Blake et al., 1998, Giansanti et al., 1998, Lin, 1997, Rodesch et al., 1997, de Cuevas et al., 1996, Goode et al., 1996, Lee et al., 1993, Lee et al., 1991, Yasuda et al., 1991, Dubreuil et al., 1990)

αSpectrin

(Fox and Andrew, 2015, Driver and Ohlstein, 2014, Boyle and Berg, 2009, Guo and Wang, 2009, Abrams et al., 2006, Loewer et al., 2004)

Secondary FlyBase IDs

FBgn0026231
FBgn0064128
FBgn0025219
FBgn0002180
FBgn0003470

Datasets (0)

Study focus (0)

Experimental Role

Project

Project Type

Title

Study result (0)

Result

Result Type

Title

External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 73 )

Sequence Crossreferences

NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.

38231

GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.

GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.

RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.

UniProt/GCRP - The gene-centric reference proteome (GCRP) provides a 1:1 mapping between genes and UniProt accessions in which a single 'canonical' isoform represents the product(s) of each protein-coding gene.

P13395

UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

P13395

UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information

Other crossreferences

AlphaFold DB - AlphaFold provides open access to protein structure predictions for the human proteome and other key proteins of interest, to accelerate scientific research.

P13395

BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis

FBgn0250789

DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species

38231/tissue=All

EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species

FBgn0250789

FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data

FBgn0250789

InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites

KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.

dme:Dmel_CG1977

MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)

38231

PDB - An information portal to biological macromolecular structures

2SPC

Linkouts

BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.

63763

Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones

FBgn0250789

DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.

FBgn0250789

DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens

FBgn0250789

Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research

3A9_(323_or_M10-2)

Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.

alpha-Spec_1

FlyCyc Genes - Genes from a BioCyc PGDB for Dmel

FBGN0250789

Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut

FBgn0250789

FlyMet - A comprehensive tissue-specific metabolomics resource for Drosophila.

FBgn0250789

iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)

TC000749

Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution

Interactive Fly

MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database

38231

Reactome - An open-source, open access, manually curated and peer-reviewed pathway database.

SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.

P13395

References (532)