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Gene Dmel\α-Spec

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\α-Spec	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	α Spectrin	Annotation symbol	CG1977
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0250789
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	14 publicly available
Also Known As	αSpec, alpha-Spec, l(3)dre3, Spec, α-spectrin, α, l(3)04276
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-2 +/- 2
Cytogenetic map	62B4-62B4	Sequence location	3L:1,779,111..1,795,319 [-]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents modENCODE GBrowse	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene α Spectrin is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\α-Spec (CG1977, FBgn0250789). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. There is experimental evidence that it has the molecular function: actin binding; microtubule binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization; central nervous system development; neuromuscular synaptic transmission; regulation of synapse organization; germarium-derived oocyte fate determination; long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction; oocyte construction; maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure; germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation; axon midline choice point recognition. 46 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; multicellular structure; organ system subdivision; anatomical structure; synapse; cytoplasmic part; non-connected developing system; portion of tissue; epithelial cell; postsynaptic membrane. It has one annotated transcript and one annotated polypeptide. Protein features are: Calcium-binding EF-hand; EF-HAND 2; EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site; EF-hand; EF-hand, Ca insensitive; EF-hand-like domain; Spectrin alpha chain, SH3 domain; Spectrin repeat; Spectrin/alpha-actinin; Src homology-3 domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 06-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult Malpighian tubules, larval/adult fat body, adult ovary, adult testis. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1626349_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of alpha-Spec. Gene sequence location is 3L:1779111..1795319.
External Summaries
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	l(3)62Bd Hemizygotes die in first larval instar, with one of seven alleles tested occasionally surviving until the second instar. αSpec: alpha Spectrin Structural gene for alpha spectrin, a 234 kd polypeptide that forms an elongated heterodimer with beta spectrin to form an important cytoskeletal component. Product crossreacts with antibodies against mammalian spectrins; can be shown to bind to beta spectrin subunits.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
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FB2011_10
FB2012_01	References Renault et al., 2010, Development 137(11): 1815--1823 Stümpges and Behr, 2011, FEBS Lett. 585(20): 3316--3321 Parrott et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25087 Sequence features BKN21592 HFA08704
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 62B4-62B4   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}rhoEP3704&P{PZ}l(3)0622606226 and P{PZ}dlt04276
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 62B1-62B7     (Lee, 1994.9.22) 62B4-62B5   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Spradling et al., 1999) 62B4-62B5     (BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) 62B1-62B7   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Dubreuil et al., 1989) 62B1-62B7   (determined by in situ hybridisation)   (Byers et al., 1987)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-2 +/- 2 (Hummel et al., 1999)
Left of (cM)
Right of (cM)
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\α-Spec for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) α-Spec-RA FBtr0072789  NM_057391   7586   2415
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)	9.0 (unknown) (Byers et al., 1987) 8.0 (compiled cDNA) (Pesacreta et al., 1989) 7.292 (compiled cDNA) (Lee et al., 1993)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein alpha-Spec-PA   FBpp0072672   278.3   2415   4.84     NP_476739   AAF47569
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)	280 (kD) (Dubreuil et al., 1990)
Comments	The regions of the tail ends of the α-Spec andβ-Spec@ chains that are necessary for interchain binding were mapped in vitro. Segments 20 and 21 and part of 22 of the α chain and segments 2 and 3 and part of 1 of the β chain are required for interchain binding. (Viel and Branton, 1994)
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Spectrin/alpha-actinin (IPR018159) EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site (IPR018247) EF-HAND 2 (IPR018249) EF-hand, Ca insensitive (IPR014837) Spectrin alpha chain, SH3 domain (IPR013315) EF-hand-like domain (IPR011992) Calcium-binding EF-hand (IPR002048) Spectrin repeat (IPR002017) Src homology-3 domain (IPR001452) EF-hand (IPR018248) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 2SPC
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA247003   AA433258   AA567729   AA698604   AA698914   AA698937   AA941617   AE014296 AAF47569   AC005557   AI237927   AI257862   AI258610   AI294631   AI389080   AI389889   AI517703   AI519497   AI531874   AI532814   AI533097   AI534011   AI534115   AI541826   AI543349   AK272512   AQ026196   AW944063   AY069741 AAL39886   BF489512   BF493779   BF495493   BF496147   BF504985   BF505357   BG639689   BI633448   BI636558   BP544992   BT023889   CK657753   CK657864   CK658634   CK661481   CK661495   CO155063   CO155657   CO178049   CO187775   CO188884   CO271769   CO278290   CO279208   CO310065   CO310113   CO310918   CO311105   CO312814   CO322241   CO328763   CO330165   CO332399   CO337980   CO339062   CZ468635   CZ473639   CZ473640   CZ479169   EC057667   EC065036   EC067785   EC072611   EC076014   EC076537   EC078931   EC090173   EC200558   EC200785   EC203536   EC207207   EC212950   EC218160   EC225061   EC227328   EC233519   EC236659   EC237435   EC239790   EC243452   EC255467   EC259163   EC261123   EC263398   EC265643   EC266534   EL873846   ES690776   GH781073   GH784313   GH786406   GH800188   GH848290   GH849711   GH855139   GH876785   GH894119   GH921023   GH926524   GH934255   GH935796   M26400 AAA28907   S67762 AAB29441   S67765 AAB29442   Z31891
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	P13395
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 16   embryonic dorsal vessel   (Perrin et al., 2004) adult stage   germarium & follicle cell   • fusome (Besse et al., 2002) adult stage | male   testis | apical   (Schulz et al., 2004) adult stage | female & oogenesis stage S9   oocyte associated follicle cell   • spectrin-associated cytoskeleton (Genova et al., 2000) spermatogenesis   spermatocyte fusome   (Schulz et al., 2004) spermatocyte cell spectrosome   (Schulz et al., 2004) mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
	spermatocyte fusome spermatocyte spectrosome
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Notes
High-Throughput Expression Data
or
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes. modENCODE Temporal Expression Data for FBgn0250789    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales max expr for FBgn0250789 Very low expression bin max Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderately high expression. Peak expression observed within 06-24 hour embryonic stages, during early larval stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No expression (0 - 0)   Extremely low expression (1 - 10)   Very low expression (11 - 100)   Low expression (101 - 400)   Moderate expression (401 - 1400)   Moderately high expression (1401 - 4000)   High expression (4001 - 10000)   Very high expression (10001 - 100000)   Extremely high expression (100001 - 2000000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0250789 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr    14591 embryo 08-10hr    14188 embryo 10-12hr    11871 embryo 12-14hr    13542 embryo 14-16hr    17517 embryo 16-18hr    12925 embryo 18-20hr    14067 embryo 20-22hr    15572 embryo 22-24hr    14043 larva L1    10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2138) embryo 02-04hr  (4520) embryo 04-06hr  (8264) embryo 06-08hr  (14591) embryo 08-10hr  (14188) embryo 10-12hr  (11871) embryo 12-14hr  (13542) embryo 14-16hr  (17517) embryo 16-18hr  (12925) embryo 18-20hr  (14067) embryo 20-22hr  (15572) embryo 22-24hr  (14043) larva L1  (10224) larva L2  (7977) larva L3 12hr old  (6381) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3620) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (4957) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4264) white prepupae new  (4498) white prepupae 12hr  (5580) white prepupae 24hr  (8635) pupae 2d postWPP  (7787) pupae 3d postWPP  (6517) pupae 4d postWPP  (4130) adult male 01day  (5062) adult male 05day  (5185) adult male 30day  (5104) adult female 01day  (4228) adult female 05day  (2800) adult female 30day  (2887) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2138) embryo 02-04hr  (4520) embryo 04-06hr  (8264) embryo 06-08hr  (14591) embryo 08-10hr  (14188) embryo 10-12hr  (11871) embryo 12-14hr  (13542) embryo 14-16hr  (17517) embryo 16-18hr  (12925) embryo 18-20hr  (14067) embryo 20-22hr  (15572) embryo 22-24hr  (14043) larva L1  (10224) larva L2  (7977) larva L3 12hr old  (6381) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3620) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (4957) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4264) white prepupae new  (4498) white prepupae 12hr  (5580) white prepupae 24hr  (8635) pupae 2d postWPP  (7787) pupae 3d postWPP  (6517) pupae 4d postWPP  (4130) adult male 01day  (5062) adult male 05day  (5185) adult male 30day  (5104) adult female 01day  (4228) adult female 05day  (2800) adult female 30day  (2887) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr  (14591) embryo 08-10hr  (14188) embryo 10-12hr  (11871) embryo 12-14hr  (13542) embryo 14-16hr  (17517) embryo 16-18hr  (12925) embryo 18-20hr  (14067) embryo 20-22hr  (15572) embryo 22-24hr  (14043) larva L1  10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr    14591 embryo 08-10hr    14188 embryo 10-12hr    11871 embryo 12-14hr    13542 embryo 14-16hr    17517 embryo 16-18hr    12925 embryo 18-20hr    14067 embryo 20-22hr    15572 embryo 22-24hr    14043 larva L1    10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0250789 expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr    14591 embryo 08-10hr    14188 embryo 10-12hr    11871 embryo 12-14hr    13542 embryo 14-16hr    17517 embryo 16-18hr    12925 embryo 18-20hr    14067 embryo 20-22hr    15572 embryo 22-24hr    14043 larva L1    10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very low expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (2138) embryo 02-04hr  (4520) embryo 04-06hr  (8264) embryo 06-08hr  (14591) embryo 08-10hr  (14188) embryo 10-12hr  (11871) embryo 12-14hr  (13542) embryo 14-16hr  (17517) embryo 16-18hr  (12925) embryo 18-20hr  (14067) embryo 20-22hr  (15572) embryo 22-24hr  (14043) larva L1  (10224) larva L2  (7977) larva L3 12hr old  (6381) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3620) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (4957) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4264) white prepupae new  (4498) white prepupae 12hr  (5580) white prepupae 24hr  (8635) pupae 2d postWPP  (7787) pupae 3d postWPP  (6517) pupae 4d postWPP  (4130) adult male 01day  (5062) adult male 05day  (5185) adult male 30day  (5104) adult female 01day  (4228) adult female 05day  (2800) adult female 30day  (2887) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  2138 embryo 02-04hr  (4520) embryo 04-06hr  (8264) embryo 06-08hr  (14591) embryo 08-10hr  (14188) embryo 10-12hr  (11871) embryo 12-14hr  (13542) embryo 14-16hr  (17517) embryo 16-18hr  (12925) embryo 18-20hr  (14067) embryo 20-22hr  (15572) embryo 22-24hr  (14043) larva L1  (10224) larva L2  (7977) larva L3 12hr old  (6381) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (3620) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (4957) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (4264) white prepupae new  (4498) white prepupae 12hr  (5580) white prepupae 24hr  (8635) pupae 2d postWPP  (7787) pupae 3d postWPP  (6517) pupae 4d postWPP  (4130) adult male 01day  (5062) adult male 05day  (5185) adult male 30day  (5104) adult female 01day  (4228) adult female 05day  (2800) adult female 30day  (2887) Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr  14591 embryo 08-10hr  14188 embryo 10-12hr  11871 embryo 12-14hr  13542 embryo 14-16hr  17517 embryo 16-18hr  12925 embryo 18-20hr  14067 embryo 20-22hr  15572 embryo 22-24hr  14043 larva L1  10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    2138 embryo 02-04hr    4520 embryo 04-06hr    8264 embryo 06-08hr    14591 embryo 08-10hr    14188 embryo 10-12hr    11871 embryo 12-14hr    13542 embryo 14-16hr    17517 embryo 16-18hr    12925 embryo 18-20hr    14067 embryo 20-22hr    15572 embryo 22-24hr    14043 larva L1    10224 larva L2    7977 larva L3 12hr old    6381 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    3620 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    4957 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    4264 white prepupae new    4498 white prepupae 12hr    5580 white prepupae 24hr    8635 pupae 2d postWPP    7787 pupae 3d postWPP    6517 pupae 4d postWPP    4130 adult male 01day    5062 adult male 05day    5185 adult male 30day    5104 adult female 01day    4228 adult female 05day    2800 adult female 30day    2887 Expression Level Scale  None   Extremely low   Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data for FBgn0250789    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales max expr for FBgn0250789 Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: High or moderate levels of expression observed in all larval and adult organs/tissues. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, adult eye, larval/adult central nervous system, adult crop, larval/adult midgut, larval/adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval/adult salivary gland, larval trachea, adult spermathecae, adult male accessory gland, larval/adult carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult Malpighian tubules, larval/adult fat body, adult ovary, adult testis. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (1000 - 25000) Linear, scaled to maximum FBgn0250789 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut    1155.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea    1270.7 Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain    1142.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1426.5 Adult Crop    1010.1 Adult Midgut    1046.5 Adult Hindgut    1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (940.675) Larval Midgut  (978) Larval Hindgut  (1155.4) Larval Malpighian Tubules  (539.4) Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland  (676.2) Larval Trachea  (1270.7) Larval Carcass  (803.15) Adult Head  (588.1) Adult Eye  (866.25) Adult Brain  (1142.8) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1426.5) Adult Crop  (1010.1) Adult Midgut  (1046.5) Adult Hindgut  (1024.2) Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland  (898.3) Adult Heart  (792.4) Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  (606.5) Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  (659.2) Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland  (620.7) Adult Carcass  (555.2) Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut  (1155.4) Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea  (1270.7) Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain  (1142.8) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1426.5) Adult Crop  1010.1 Adult Midgut  1046.5 Adult Hindgut  1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut    1155.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea    1270.7 Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain    1142.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1426.5 Adult Crop    1010.1 Adult Midgut    1046.5 Adult Hindgut    1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to maximum FBgn0250789 expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut    1155.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea    1270.7 Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain    1142.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1426.5 Adult Crop    1010.1 Adult Midgut    1046.5 Adult Hindgut    1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System  (940.675) Larval Midgut  (978) Larval Hindgut  (1155.4) Larval Malpighian Tubules  539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland  676.2 Larval Trachea  (1270.7) Larval Carcass  803.15 Adult Head  588.1 Adult Eye  (866.25) Adult Brain  (1142.8) Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  (1426.5) Adult Crop  (1010.1) Adult Midgut  (1046.5) Adult Hindgut  (1024.2) Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland  (898.3) Adult Heart  792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca  606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca  659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland  620.7 Adult Carcass  555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut  1155.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea  1270.7 Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain  1142.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion  1426.5 Adult Crop  1010.1 Adult Midgut  1046.5 Adult Hindgut  1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    940.675 Larval Midgut    978 Larval Hindgut    1155.4 Larval Malpighian Tubules    539.4 Larval Fat Body    302.5 Larval Salivary Gland    676.2 Larval Trachea    1270.7 Larval Carcass    803.15 Adult Head    588.1 Adult Eye    866.25 Adult Brain    1142.8 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1426.5 Adult Crop    1010.1 Adult Midgut    1046.5 Adult Hindgut    1024.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    469.5 Adult Fat Body    453.7 Adult Salivary Gland    898.3 Adult Heart    792.4 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2 Adult Ovary    259.6 Adult Testis    186 Adult Male Accessory Gland    620.7 Adult Carcass    555.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    588.1   NA  Eye    866.25   NA  Brain    1142.8   940.675  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    1426.5   NA  Crop    1010.1   978  Midgut    1046.5   1155.4  Hindgut    1024.2   539.4  Malpighian Tubules    469.5   302.5  Fat Body    453.7   676.2  Salivary Gland    898.3   NA  Heart    792.4   1270.7  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    606.5   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    659.2   NA  Ovary    259.6   NA  Testis    186   NA  Male Accessory Gland    620.7   803.15  Carcass    555.2 modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011) FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_11
External Data & Images
Linkouts	FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0250789
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | first instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4da.G32 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS lethal | larval stage | recessive α-Spec1 α-Spec2 α-Spec3 α-Spec4 α-Spec5 α-Spec6 α-Spec7 α-Speclm32 α-Speclm88 α-Speclm102 α-Speclm111 α-Specrg35 α-Specrg41 lethal | recessive α-Spec04276 α-Specrg41 lethal | third instar larval stage α-Spec1.3 α-SpecP-2 lethal | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 α-SpecGD9695 Sterility Allele female sterile | somatic clone α-Specrg41 Other Phenotypes Allele hypoactive | recessive α-Specrg41 mitotic cell cycle defective | somatic clone α-Specrg41 neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS neuroanatomy defective (with α-Speclm88) α-Specrg41 neuroanatomy defective (with α-Specrg41) α-Speclm88 neuroanatomy defective | recessive α-Speclm88 neurophysiology defective α-Specrg41 neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS Phenotype manifest in Allele bouton, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS brush border & larval midgut & embryo α-Specrg41 commissure α-SpecE2-26 cuprophilic cell α-Specrg41 cystocyte | germline clone α-Specrg41 egg chamber | somatic clone α-Specrg41 follicle cell | somatic clone α-Specrg41 fusome α-Specunspecified gastric caecum α-Specrg35 germline cyst | germline clone α-Specrg41 longitudinal connective α-SpecE2-26 medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic α-Speclm88 medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic (with α-Speclm88) α-Specrg41 medial longitudinal fascicle | ectopic (with α-Specrg41) α-Speclm88 microtubule cytoskeleton & axon, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS microtubule cytoskeleton & nerve terminal, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS midgut interstitial cell α-Specrg41 mid larval midgut | embryonic stage α-Specrg35 α-Specrg41 midline glial cell α-SpecE2-26 motor neuron α-SpecE2-26 nurse cell | germline clone α-Specrg41 oocyte | germline clone α-Specrg41 oocyte nucleus | somatic clone α-Specrg41 ovariole | somatic clone α-Specrg41 postsynaptic membrane, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system α-SpecE2-26 presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system α-SpecE2-26 sensory neuron α-SpecE2-26 synapse α-Specrg41 synapse, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS synaptic vesicle, with Scer\GAL4elav-C155 α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS
Classical Alleles ( 32 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of α-Spec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion α-Specrg41 loss of function allele, amorphic allele - genetic evidence gamma ray 1 Yes α-Spec04276 P-element activity 1 Yes α-Specd03930 P-element activity 1 -- α-SpecDG39402 P-element activity 1 -- α-Spece01361 piggyBac transposase 1 -- α-Speclm88 1 -- α-SpecMB10065 1 -- α-Spec1.2.1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec1.3 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec3 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec4 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec5 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-Spec6 gamma ray 0 -- α-Spec7 gamma ray 0 -- α-Specc03367 piggyBac transposase 0 -- α-SpecD4-65 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-SpecE2-26 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 Yes α-Speclm102 0 -- α-Speclm111 0 -- α-Speclm32 0 -- α-SpecN-2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-SpecN2-141 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-SpecP-2 hypomorphic allele - genetic evidence ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-SpecP1 P-element activity 0 Yes α-SpecP2 P-element activity 0 Yes α-SpecP4 P-element activity 0 Yes α-Specrg35 gamma ray 0 Yes α-SpecS-1 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- α-SpecS059504 P-element activity 0 Yes α-Specunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 14 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of α-Spec Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion α-SpecRpS27A.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 2 Yes α-Specd1-45.RpS27A.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - deletion 1 Yes α-SpecGD9695 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes α-SpecJF01727 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes α-SpecR22S.RpS27A.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - amino acid replacement 1 Yes α-SpecRpS27A.PL in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes α-Spec+tCOSMY1-1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes α-SpecdsRNA.Scer\UAS in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes α-SpecEHHS in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes α-SpecKK101541 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes α-SpecRpS27A.T:Ecol\lacZ in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - minigene 0 Yes α-SpecScer\UAS.T:Hsap\MYC in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes α-SpectCOSMY8-1 in vitro construct - genomic fragment 0 Yes α-SpecUbi-p63E.PP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Disrupted in	Df(3L)Aprt-1 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-12 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-13 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-16 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-26 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-32 (Wang et al., 1994, Hulsmeier et al., 2007) Df(3L)Aprt-46 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-47 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-54 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-56 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-61 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-66 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-72 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-87 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-88 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-92 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-100 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-105 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-106 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-108 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-110 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-112 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-122 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-126 (Bhat et al., 1999, Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-133 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-134 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-137 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-143 (Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-148 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-151 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-152 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-156 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-159 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-162 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-163 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-165 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-166 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-167 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-169 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-177 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-181 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-184 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-192 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-193 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-194 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-199 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-201 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)MY10 (Tanentzapf et al., 2000, Hulsmeier et al., 2007) Df(3L)R-G2 (Lee et al., 1993) Df(3L)R-G5 (Lee et al., 1993) Df(3L)R-R2 (Lee et al., 1993, de Cuevas et al., 1996) Ts(2Rt;3Rt)Aprt-185 (Wang et al., 1994)
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)Aprt-3 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-9 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-10 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-14 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-15 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-18 (Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-19 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-21 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-24 (Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-27 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-29 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-31 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-36 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-42 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-48 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-53 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-57 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-65 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-71 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-73 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-74 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-77 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-79 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-84 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-89 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-90 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-91 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-93 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-94 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-95 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-96 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-97 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-98 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-99 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-101 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-102 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-103 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-104 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-107 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-109 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-111 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-113 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-114 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-115 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-116 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-117 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-118 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-119 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-120 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-121 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-123 (Machado and Andrew, 2000, Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-124 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-125 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-127 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-128 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-129 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-130 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-131 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-132 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-135 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-136 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-138 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-139 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-140 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-141 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-142 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-144 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-145 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-146 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-147 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-149 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-150 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-153 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-154 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-157 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-158 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-160 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-161 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-164 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-168 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-170 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-171 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-172 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-173 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-174 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-178 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-179 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-180 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-182 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-183 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-186 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-187 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-188 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-189 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-190 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-191 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-195 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-196 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)Aprt-198 (Wang et al., 1994) Df(3L)MY10 (Bhat et al., 1999) Df(3L)R-E (Lee et al., 1993)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data reporter construct P{FRT(Up-α-spec)} No characterization construct P{COSMY1-1} NA P{COSMY8-1} NA P{PatjEHHS} NA P{PatjEΔHS} NA P{Ubi-p63E-α-Spec::β-Spec.α8} NA P{Ubi-α-Spec.P} NA P{α-Spec::Actn.19} NA P{α-Spec::Actn.EF} NA P{α-Spec.UPS} NA P{α-Specd1-45.RpS27A.T:Myc} NA P{α-SpecR22S.RpS27A.T:Myc} NA P{α-SpecRpS27A.T:Myc} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of enhancer trap P{lacW}dltS059504 No P{PZ}dlt04276 No miscellaneous insertions P{wHy}α-SpecDG39402 NA PBac{PB}α-Specc03367 NA PBac{RB}α-Spece01361 NA insertion of mobile activating element P{EP}dltP1 NA P{EP}dltP2 NA P{EP}dltP4 NA P{XP}α-Specd03930 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system Mi{ET1}α-SpecMB10065 No
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 35 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 20 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin binding inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000) microtubule binding inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
axon midline choice point recognition inferred from genetic interaction with β-Spec (Garbe et al., 2007) central nervous system development inferred from mutant phenotype (Hummel et al., 1999) germarium-derived female germ-line cyst formation inferred from mutant phenotype (de Cuevas et al., 1996) germarium-derived oocyte fate determination inferred from mutant phenotype (de Cuevas et al., 1996) long-term strengthening of neuromuscular junction inferred from mutant phenotype (Pielage et al., 2005) maintenance of presynaptic active zone structure inferred from direct assay (Pielage et al., 2006) negative regulation of microtubule depolymerization inferred from mutant phenotype (Pielage et al., 2005) neuromuscular synaptic transmission inferred from mutant phenotype (Featherstone et al., 2001) oocyte construction inferred from mutant phenotype (Lee et al., 1995, de Cuevas et al., 1996) regulation of synapse organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Pielage et al., 2005)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
basolateral plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Chen et al., 2009) cell cortex inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000) fusome inferred from direct assay (de Cuevas et al., 1996) Golgi apparatus inferred from direct assay (Sisson et al., 2000) lipid particle inferred from direct assay (Beller et al., 2006) neuromuscular junction inferred from direct assay (Kohsaka et al., 2007) plasma membrane inferred from direct assay (Dubreuil et al., 1997, Sisson et al., 2000, Khanna et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2009) spectrosome inferred from direct assay (de Cuevas et al., 1996)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 18 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Roper et al., 2002) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P08032 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) calcium ion binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P08032 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) calmodulin binding non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) cytoskeletal protein binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
cell-cell adhesion non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) cytoskeleton organization inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P08032 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) NOT female germline ring canal formation, actin assembly traceable author statement (de Cuevas et al., 1996) fusome organization traceable author statement (Deng and Lin, 2001, Pepling et al., 1999) germarium-derived oocyte fate determination traceable author statement (Deng and Lin, 2001) germ-line cyst formation traceable author statement (Pepling et al., 1999) instar larval development non-traceable author statement (Lee et al., 1995, Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) ovarian follicle cell development traceable author statement (Dobens and Raftery, 2000) plasma membrane organization traceable author statement (Sisson et al., 2000) regulation of cell shape non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) spectrosome organization traceable author statement (Deng and Lin, 2001)
Cellular Component
CV term Evidence References
cytoskeleton inferred from sequence or structural similarity with UniProtKB:P08032 (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) spectrin inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000) non-traceable author statement (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 1990.1.1) spectrosome traceable author statement (Deng and Lin, 2001)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   gene_with_dicistronic_primary_transcript (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003) nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions α-Spec allele Gene References klounspecified foi (Hummel et al., 1999)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63763 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0250789 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38231
Orthologs
Genome-wide drosophilid orthologs	Dana\GF24962 Dere\GG14560 Dgri\GH15717 Dmoj\GI12773 Dpse\GA15168 Dsec\GM14169 Dsim\GD13438 Dvir\GJ16071 Dwil\GK20514 Dyak\GE20915
Curated drosophilid orthologs	Dmir\CG1977 (Thornton, 2005.12.20) Dpse\GA15168
Linkouts	InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL015065-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP006686-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_623691.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001946332.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) XP_001897022.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA007948-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000020395 Bos taurus (bovine) CN08875 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP32910 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE07373 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000029705 Canis familiaris (dog) JA18248 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ014790 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000008468 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP47697 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 167027 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) 206384 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000093032 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000020229 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000024345 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000007504 Gallus gallus (chicken) 156368 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000350882 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW000012-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 202396 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 5904 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000029579 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000012219 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000109348 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001601352.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000018986 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000016059 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM004081-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000022030 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000036639 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000042382 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_170310 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) XP_785949.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 59818 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_973750.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000005712 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000036682 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000034450 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15886 LH16150 ISCW000012 FBgn0238203 FBgn0222511 FBgn0203256 FBgn0185150 FBgn0169095 JGI_V11_206384 FBgn0075193 FBgn0153813 FBgn0135530 FBgn0123188 FBgn0106817 FBgn0101954 CPIJ014790 BGIBMGA007948 ACYPI004133 GB18557 AGAP006686 AAEL015065 PB20019 PHUM459030 GLEAN_00749
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 14 )
Bloomington	32005 w*; P{α-Spec.UPS}2 29089 w1118; Mi{ET1}α-SpecMB10065 31209 y1 v1; P{TRiP.JF01727}attP2 31998 P{FRT(nlacZ,α-spectrin)}C1, w*; ry506 32004 y1 w*; P{α-SpecRpS27A.T:Myc}2A 32003 y1 w*; P{α-SpecR22S.RpS27A.T:Myc}3 32002 y1 w*; P{α-Specd1-45.RpS27A.T:Myc}L 32000 w*; ru1 α-Speclm88 st1 es/TM6B 10160 P{PZ}dlt04276 α-Spec04276 ry506/TM6B, Tb1
Harvard	- P{XP}α-Specd03930 - PBac{RB}α-Spece01361
VDRC	v25387 w1118; P{GD9695}v25387
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 2 )
	BACR10D15 BACR17K18 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 97 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LP06350 RE03775
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	AT02129 AT04435 AT07139 AT07566 AT09864 AT25471 GH20164 GH21181 GH28753 GM02092 HL01687 HL05320 HL05935 HL05977 LD06147 LD25853 LD39114 LP01842 LP08047 LP15716 LP21027 LP21054 LP24290 LP24486 SD03157 SD06437 SD06630 SD07631 SD10076 SD18276 SD27539
Other clones	17436 35161 62304 65391 78914 97842 98008 100199 104804 105765 118000 147650 174177 190134 192202 214217.25 214533.23 275028 277461 524389 524401 525436 569834 AA433258 CK01.39C.C4 CK01.52B.C3 CK01.68D.H7 CK01.168A.F8 EK033242 EK042310 EK055122 EK104540 EK129644 EK133805 EK187654 EK220351 EK220530 EK222958 EK223406 EK230050 EK291351 EK294638 EK303339 EN05312 EN06518 EN15717 EP00716 FGC028H08 IP13932 RP003067116 RP003297046 RP003307918 RP003345048 RP003375116 RP003383758 RP003415895 RP003510986 RP003552378 RP003624583 RP003629874 RP003640380 RP003680942 SD04436 SD04796
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0250789 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38231 252614
Antibody Information
	monoclonal (Schulz et al., 2004) polyclonal (Dubreuil et al., 1990, Perrin et al., 2004)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
	"klotzchen" means "small building block" in German. (Hummel et al., 1999)
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of	Source for identity of: α-Spec CG1977 (Deng, 1999.11)
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: klo α-Spec (Hulsmeier et al., 2007) Source for merge of: α-Spec anon-EST:fe2E2 (Bayraktaroglu, 2000.11.2)
Additional comments	One or more of the processed transcripts for this gene share(s) untranslated sequences with a transcript of an adjacent gene, but encode(s) a single open reading frame (ORF). The non-overlapping ORFs that share untranslated sequences are represented by dlt and α-Spec. (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
Other Comments
	α-Spec functions, with β-Spec, at the presynapse as an essential presynaptic scaffold that may link synaptic cell adhesion with the stabilization of the underlying microtubule cytoskeleton. (Pielage et al., 2005) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) The dlt open reading frame is located within the first intron of α-Spec and the two genes share a common first untranslated exon. Overall orientation not stated: Patj- CG12020- Cdc37- α-Spec+ dlt+ α-Spec+ (Pielage et al., 2003) Spectrin is necessary for the capture and tethering of membrane associated proteins required for presynaptic neurotransmitter release. (Featherstone et al., 2001) The absence of spectrins disrupts neurotransmission but does not alter postsynaptic glutamate receptor field function or the ultrastructural localization of presynaptic vesicles. The subcellular location of many synaptic proteins is affected. (Featherstone et al., 2001) Four EMS induced alleles were identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo. (Hummel et al., 1999) α-Spec is required for ovarian follicle monolayer integrity. Elimination of α-Spec from follicle cells does not appear to prevent the assembly of conventional β-Spec and Ank products at the lateral domain of the follicle cell plasma membrane. However α-Spec is required for the correct localization of ΒH-spectrin to the apical surface. (Lee et al., 1997) The α-Spec gene product is a component of both fusomes and spectrosomes. (de Cuevas et al., 1996) Clonal analysis demonstrates α-Spec is required in the germline (but not in the follicle cells) for cyst formation and oocyte differentiation. Its role in each process is distinct from that of hts protein. The organisation of membrane skeletal proteins is more dependent on α-Spec in the fusome than at the plasma membrane in other cells. The fusome and associated membrane skeleton play a central role in regulating the divisions and differentiation of cyst cells. (de Cuevas et al., 1996) The results of clonal analysis suggest that spectrin is involved in the spatial arrangement of the follicle cell population during oocyte development. (Lee et al., 1995) The hts and α-Spec products are components of the fusome, which is required for ovarian cyst formation. (Lin et al., 1994) Recombinant proteins constructs of α-Spec and β-Spec, whose primary structures correspond to the regions required for tail end interchain binding (segments 19-22 of α-Spec and segments 1-4 of β-Spec), demonstrate that interchain binding depends on multiple sites within both the nonrepetitive segments and adjacent repetitive segments of both chains. (Viel and Branton, 1994) The structure of one of the repetitive segments of α-Spec has been determined at 1.8 angstrom resolution. The segment consists of a three helix bundle. Hydrophobic interactions between two tandem segments may constrain intersegment flexibility. (Yan et al., 1993) Various regions of the α-Spec molecule exhibit structural autonomy thus enabling fragments of the molecule to fold properly when expressed in bacteria. Results localise the calmodulin binding and calcium binding sites within specific segments of the protein. (Dubreuil et al., 1991) Single repetitive motifs and pairs of motifs can fold into stable conformations similar to that of native α-Spec when their N-terminal ends are 26 residues downstream of the residue that has usually been designated to be the first position of each repetitive motif. (Winograd et al., 1991) Mutant hemizygotes are larval lethal; dying in the first or (rarely) second instar. (Sliter et al., 1989)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_057391 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_476739 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA433258 AAA28907 AAB29441 AAB29442 AAF47569 AAL39886 AC005557 AI257862 AQ026196 AW944063 AY069741 CZ468635 CZ473639 CZ473640 CZ479169 M26400 S67762 S67765 Z31891 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 38231 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • P13395
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • Spectrin/alpha-actinin (IPR018159) EF-Hand 1, calcium-binding site (IPR018247) EF-HAND 2 (IPR018249) EF-hand, Ca insensitive (IPR014837) Spectrin alpha chain, SH3 domain (IPR013315) EF-hand-like domain (IPR011992) Calcium-binding EF-hand (IPR002048) Spectrin repeat (IPR002017) Src homology-3 domain (IPR001452) EF-hand (IPR018248) PDB - Protein Data Bank. An information portal to biological macromolecular structures • 2SPC
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 63763 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0250789 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0250789 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0250789 FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0250789 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 38231 252614 InParanoid A subset of ortholog calls from InParanoid. • AAEL015065-PA Aedes aegypti (mosquito) AGAP006686-PA Anopheles gambiae (mosquito) XP_623691.1 Apis mellifera (honey bee) XP_001946332.1 Acyrthosiphon pisum (pea aphid) XP_001897022.1 Brugia malayi (roundworm nematode) BGIBMGA007948-PA Bombyx mori (silk worm) ENSBTAP00000020395 Bos taurus (bovine) CN08875 Caenorhabditis brenneri (small nematode) CBP32910 Caenorhabditis briggsae (nematode) CE07373 Caenorhabditis elegans (worm) ENSCAFP00000029705 Canis familiaris (dog) JA18248 Caenorhabditis japonica (nematode) CPIJ014790 Culex pipens (mosquito) ENSCPOP00000008468 Cavia porcellus (guinea pig) RP47697 Caenorhabditis remanei (nematode) 167027 Capitella spl (polychaete worm) 206384 Daphnia pulex (daphnia) ENSDARP00000093032 Danio rerio (zebra fish) ENSECAP00000020229 Equus caballus (horse) ENSGACP00000024345 Gymnopilus aculeatus (mushroom) ENSGALP00000007504 Gallus gallus (chicken) 156368 Hypsipyla robusta (cedar shoot borer) ENSP00000350882 Homo sapiens (human) ISCW000012-PA Ixodes scapularis (deer tick) 202396 Lottia gigantea (owl limpet) 5904 Monocosta brevicollis (choanoflagellate) ENSMODP00000029579 Monodelphis domestica (gray opossum) ENSMMUP00000012219 Macaca mulatta (rhesus monkey) ENSMUSP00000109348 Mus musculus (house mouse) XP_001601352.1 Nasonia vitripennis (wasp) ENSOANP00000018986 Ornithorynchus anatinus (platypus) ENSORLP00000016059 Oryzias latipes (japanese killifish) PHUM004081-PA Pediculus humanus (human body louse) ENSPPYP00000022030 Pongo pygmaeus (orangutan) ENSPTRP00000036639 Pan troglodytes (chimpanzee) ENSRNOP00000042382 Rattus norvegicus (norway rat) Smp_170310 Schistosoma mansoni (trematode parasite) XP_785949.2 Strongylocentrotus purpuratus (purple sea urchin) 59818 Trichoplax adhaerens (metazoa) XP_973750.2 Tribolium castaneum (red flour beetle) ENSTNIP00000005712 Tetraodon nigroviridis (green spotted pufferfish) ENSTRUP00000036682 Takifugu rubripes (pufferfish Takifugu) ENSXETP00000034450 Xenopus tropicalis (frog) Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution • /cytoskel/spectrn1.htm InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 38231 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0250789 OrthoDB (Arthropod subset) The hierarchical catalog of eukaryotic orthologs. • NV15886 LH16150 ISCW000012 FBgn0238203 FBgn0222511 FBgn0203256 FBgn0185150 FBgn0169095 JGI_V11_206384 FBgn0075193 FBgn0153813 FBgn0135530 FBgn0123188 FBgn0106817 FBgn0101954 CPIJ014790 BGIBMGA007948 ACYPI004133 GB18557 AGAP006686 AAEL015065 PB20019 PHUM459030 GLEAN_00749
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 40 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	3A9 (Usui and Simpson, 2000) alfa-Spec (Szafranski and Goode, 2006) alpha-Spec (Mazumdar and Mazumdar, 2002, Giot et al., 2003, Beller et al., 2006, Bakal et al., 2007) alpha Spectrin (Renault et al., 2010) anon-EST:fe2E2   CG1977 (Whitfield, 2001.2.21, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Khanna et al., 2010, Ni et al., 2008, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Cammarato et al., 2011) dre3 (Machado and Andrew, 2000) klo (Hulsmeier et al., 2007, ) l(3)62Bd (Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, ) l(3)04276 (Spradling et al., 1999, BDGP Project Members, 1994-1999) l(3)dre3 (Brand et al., 1997, Lee et al., 1993, Sliter et al., 1989, Lindsley and Zimm, 1992, ) l(3)α-Spec (de Cuevas et al., 1996) Spec (Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Gorczyca et al., 2007, Foley et al., 2010) spectrin (Jin et al., 2005) unnamed (Schmid and Tautz, 1997) α (Medina et al., 2002, Dubreuil et al., 1995) αSp (Khanna et al., 2010) α-Sp (Phillips and Thomas, 2006) α-Spc (McKearin, 1997) α-Spe (Narbonne-Reveau and Lilly, 2009) α-Spec (Wei et al., 2004, Djiane et al., 2005, Stuart et al., 2007, Szafranski and Goode, 2007, Besse et al., 2007, Nam et al., 2007, Parma et al., 2007, Hsu et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2004, Dansereau and Lasko, 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Chung et al., 2009, Mazock et al., 2010) αSpec (Zhao et al., 2008, Guo and Wang, 2009, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008, Jayaram et al., 2008) α-spec (Kai et al., 2005, Shivdasani and Ingham, 2003, McNulty et al., 2001, Featherstone et al., 2001, Dubreuil et al., 1998, de Cuevas et al., 1997, Lee et al., 1997, Tian and Ten Hagen, 2007, Pielage et al., 2006, Nam and Choi, 2006) α-Spect (Woolworth et al., 2009) α-spectrin (Behr et al., 2007, Lee and Thomas, 2011) α-Spectrin (Stümpges and Behr, 2011)
Name Synonym	&agr-spectrin (Haglund et al., 2010) alpha-Spectrin (Bogdanik et al., 2008, Kiger et al., 2000, Grusche et al., 2009) alpha-spectrin (Lee, 1994.9.22, Hinson et al., 1999, Lee, 1994.9.22, Pesacreta et al., 1989, Romani et al., 2007, Boyle and Berg, 2009) alpha spectrin (Dahl, 1991) alpha Spectrin (Chen et al., 2007, Cammarato et al., 2011) Alpha-spectrin (Khanna et al., 2010) Alpha Spectrin (Lighthouse et al., 2008) alpha-spectrin II (Mehta and Bhat, 2001) anon-fast-evolving-2E2   aSpc 3A9 (Wehr et al., 2006) klotzchen (Hummel et al., 1999, Hummel et al., 1999, Hulsmeier et al., 2007) Spectrin (Hoover and Bryant, 2002, Bellaiche et al., 2001, Chavez et al., 2000, Akiyama-Oda et al., 2000, Bhat et al., 1996, Warren et al., 2004, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Ataman, 2006, Niki, 2006, Schulte et al., 2006) spectrin (Cox et al., 1998, Martinez Arias, 1993, Brodu and Casanova, 2006, Wang et al., 2008, Fabian et al., 2010) α-Spectrin (Wei et al., 2004, Albrecht et al., 2006, Ong and Tan, 2010, Takada et al., 2007, Pielage et al., 2006, Betschinger et al., 2005, Cereijido et al., 2003, Takahashi et al., 1998, Santiago-Martinez et al., 2006, Zaffran et al., 2006, Simoes et al., 2006, Hulsmeier et al., 2007, Tsarouhas et al., 2007, Schotman et al., 2008, Bogard et al., 2007, Besse et al., 2007, Wang et al., 2008, Narbonne-Reveau et al., 2008, Parma et al., 2007, Hsu et al., 2008, Williams et al., 2004, Roper, 2007, D'Avino et al., 2008, Chen et al., 2007, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Martin et al., 2007, Snee and Macdonald, 2009, Moyer and Jacobs, 2008, Gorczyca et al., 2007, Fichelson et al., 2009, Kohsaka et al., 2007, Schneider and Baumgartner, 2008, Khanna et al., 2010, Lewandowski et al., 2010, Senger et al., 2011, Robinson et al., 2010) α-spectrin (Parrott et al., 2011, Petrella et al., 2007, Garbe et al., 2007, Stork et al., 2004, Martin and St. Johnston, 2003, Roper et al., 2002, Baksa et al., 2002, Deng and Lin, 2001, Blake et al., 1998, Lin, 1997, Giansanti et al., 1998, Rodesch et al., 1997, Goode et al., 1996, Lee et al., 1991, Yasuda et al., 1991, Pielage et al., 2003, de Cuevas et al., 1996, Lee et al., 1993, Dubreuil et al., 1990, Siddall et al., 2006, Becam et al., 2005, Papoulas et al., 2005, Nam et al., 2008, Woolworth and Hsu, 2008, Kapelnikov et al., 2008, Smith, 2001, Yamashita et al., 2005, Phillips and Thomas, 2006, Dansereau and Lasko, 2008, Lee et al., 2009, Ramachandran et al., 2009, Woolworth et al., 2009, Pielage et al., 2008, Zhao et al., 2008, Ueyama et al., 2010, Chen et al., 2009, Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010, Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Fabian et al., 2010, Liu et al., 2010, Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010, Ong et al., 2010) α spectrin (Dubreuil et al., 1997) αSpectrin (Abrams et al., 2006, Boyle and Berg, 2009, Guo and Wang, 2009, Loewer et al., 2004) α Spectrin
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0002180 FBgn0003470 FBgn0025219 FBgn0026231 FBgn0064128
References ( 339 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 339 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 232 ) Supplementary material  ( 14 ) Review  ( 30 ) Erratum  ( 1 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 6 ) Abstract  ( 40 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 3 ) DNA/RNA sequence record  ( 3 ) Computer file  ( 5 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Automatic genome annotation  ( 1 )
Recent research papers ( 19 )
	Lee and Thomas, 2011, Mech. Dev. 128(1-2): 116--128 Rac1 modulation of the apical domain is negatively regulated by β(Heavy)-spectrin. [FBrf0213021] Parrott et al., 2011, PLoS ONE 6(9): e25087 Nucleoporin98-96 Function Is Required for Transit Amplification Divisions in the Germ Line of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0216255] Senger et al., 2011, Development 138(10): 2133--2142 The nucleoporin Seh1 forms a complex with Mio and serves an essential tissue-specific function in Drosophila oogenesis. [FBrf0213566] Stümpges and Behr, 2011, FEBS Lett. 585(20): 3316--3321 Time-specific regulation of airway clearance by the Drosophila J-domain transmembrane protein Wurst. [FBrf0216409] Fabian et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(9): 1546--1555 Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate directs spermatid cell polarity and exocyst localization in Drosophila. [FBrf0210667] Foley et al., 2010, Biol. Letts 6(1): 102--105 Does segregating variation in sexual or microhabitat preferences lead to non-random mating within a population of Drosophila melanogaster? [FBrf0209672] Haglund et al., 2010, Curr. Biol. 20(10): 944--950 Cindr interacts with anillin to control cytokinesis in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210868] Kaplan and Tolwinski, 2010, J. Cell Sci. 123(18): 3157--3165 Spatially defined Dsh-Lgl interaction contributes to directional tissue morphogenesis. [FBrf0211705] Khanna et al., 2010, BMC Genomics 11(1): 302 Towards a membrane proteome in Drosophila: a method for the isolation of plasma membrane. [FBrf0210923] Leatherman and Dinardo, 2010, Nat. Cell Biol. 12(8): 806--811 Germline self-renewal requires cyst stem cells and stat regulates niche adhesion in Drosophila testes. [FBrf0211422] Lewandowski et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 339(2): 307--319 Mago Nashi, Tsunagi/Y14, and Ranshi form a complex that influences oocyte differentiation in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0210119] Liu et al., 2010, Sci. Signal. 3(132): ra57 The Drosophila Female Germline Stem Cell Lineage Acts to Spatially Restrict DPP Function Within the Niche. [FBrf0211426] Mazock et al., 2010, Mol. Biol. Cell 21(16): 2860--2868 Transgene Rescue Identifies an Essential Function for Drosophila {beta} Spectrin in the Nervous System and a Selective Requirement for Ankyrin-2-binding Activity. [FBrf0211527] Mosca and Schwarz, 2010, Nat. Neurosci. 13(8): 935--943 The nuclear import of Frizzled2-C by Importins-beta11 and alpha2 promotes postsynaptic development. [FBrf0211361] Ong and Tan, 2010, Dev. Biol. 337(1): 84--98 Germline cyst formation and incomplete cytokinesis during Drosophila melanogaster oogenesis. [FBrf0209400] Ong et al., 2010, Dev. Biol. 346(2): 161--169 Mutations of DMYPT cause over constriction of contractile rings and ring canals during Drosophila germline cyst formation. [FBrf0211890] Renault et al., 2010, Development 137(11): 1815--1823 Lipid phosphate phosphatase activity regulates dispersal and bilateral sorting of embryonic germ cells in Drosophila. [FBrf0210764] Robinson et al., 2010, Mech. Ageing Dev. 131(9): 584--590 Insights into aging through measurements of the Drosophila proteome as a function of temperature. [FBrf0211959] Ueyama et al., 2010, PLoS ONE 5(7): e11557 Increased apoptosis of myoblasts in Drosophila model for the walker-warburg syndrome. [FBrf0211260] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2010 Show reviews ...