FB2020_06, released Dec 22, 2020

Gene: Dmel\Dys

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\Dys
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
Dystrophin
Annotation Symbol
CG34157
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260003
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
31 publicly available
Gene Snapshot
Dystrophin (Dys) encodes a cytoplasmic protein that connects the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix via the receptor encoded by Dg. In addition, the product of Dys serves as a cytoplasmic scaffold for the membrane localization of different signaling factors, including nos, which regulates expression of miRNAs to adapt cellular homeostasis to changes induced by stress and dystrophy. [Date last reviewed: 2019-09-26]
Other Summaries
Also Known As

detached, det, DLP2, Dp186, Dystrophin-like protein 2

Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
92A5-92A10
Sequence location
3R:19,461,085..19,597,288 [+]
Recombination map

3-66

RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:19461085..19597288
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (17 terms)
Molecular Function (4 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with UniProtKB:A1ZA89
(assigned by UniProt )
(Yatsenko et al., 2007)
enables WW domain binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dg; FB:FBgn0034072
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables structural constituent of muscle
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:12635
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:2928
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3032
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
enables zinc ion binding
inferred from electronic annotation with InterPro:IPR000433
(assigned by InterPro )
(FlyBase Curators et al., 2004-)
Biological Process (8 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (8 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in establishment of cell polarity
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Pilgram et al., 2011, Sturtevant and Bier, 1995)
involved_in imaginal disc-derived wing vein specification
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Christoforou et al., 2008)
involved_in muscle cell cellular homeostasis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Kucherenko et al., 2011, Shcherbata et al., 2007, van der Plas et al., 2007)
involved_in muscle organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2007)
involved_in neuromuscular synaptic transmission
inferred from direct assay
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of neurotransmitter secretion
inferred from direct assay
(Fradkin et al., 2008)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
involved_in regulation of short-term neuronal synaptic plasticity
inferred from direct assay
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Cellular Component (5 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (5 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
inferred from direct assay
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
located_in cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
part_of dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dg; FB:FBgn0034072
(Yatsenko et al., 2007)
located_in synapse
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
part_of dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:12635
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:2928
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
inferred from sequence or structural similarity with HGNC:3032
(Greener and Roberts, 2000)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
Summaries
Gene Group (FlyBase)
DYSTROPHIN GLYCOPROTEIN COMPLEX -
The Dystrophin glycoprotein complex (DGC) is a plasma membrane transmembrane complex that links the actin cytoskeleton to the extracellular matrix. The DGC is important for maintaining the integrity of skeletal and cardiac muscle cells. It also functions as a scaffold for proteins involved in signaling and accumulates at the neuromuscular junction and at a variety of synapses in the peripheral and central nervous system. (Adapted from FBrf0212855 and FBrf0129834).
DYSTROPHIN-RELATED PROTEINS -
In Drosophila, the dystrophin-related proteins comprise Dystrophin (Dys) and Dystrobrevin (Dyb), which are subunits of the dystrophin glycoprotein complex. (Adapted from FBrf0129834).
Protein Function (UniProtKB)
Required for the maintenance of appropriate synaptic retrograde communication and the stabilization of muscle cell architecture or physiology. May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
(UniProt, Q9VDW3)
Required for the maintenance of appropriate synaptic retrograde communication and the stabilization of muscle cell architecture or physiology. Both det and Dg are required for maintenance of early dpp signaling in the presumptive crossvein. Isoform A is not required to maintain muscle integrity, but plays a role in neuromuscular homeostasis by regulating neurotransmitter release. May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
(UniProt, Q9VDW6)
Specifically required for survival and integrity of the larval musculature: the maintenance of appropriate synaptic retrograde communication and the stabilization of muscle cell architecture or physiology. May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
(UniProt, Q7YU29)
Required for the maintenance of appropriate synaptic retrograde communication and the stabilization of muscle cell architecture or physiology. May play a role in anchoring the cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane.
(UniProt, Q0KI50)
Phenotypic Description (Red Book; Lindsley and Zimm 1992)
det: detached
thumb
det: detached
From Bridges and Brehme, 1944, Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ. No. 552: 54.
Posterior crossveins detached from longitudinals at one or both ends and may be absent. Wings occasionally folded back under or folded flat at middle. Eyes sometimes rough and bulging. Wings slightly spread. Bristles tend to break; scutellars occasionally doubled. RK3.
Summary (Interactive Fly)
Gene Model and Products
Number of Transcripts
12
Number of Unique Polypeptides
12

Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\Dys for information on other features

To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

Protein Domains (via Pfam)
Isoform displayed:
Pfam protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Protein Domains (via SMART)
Isoform displayed:
SMART protein domains
InterPro name
classification
start
end
Comments on Gene Model

Annotated transcripts do not represent all possible combinations of alternative exons and/or alternative promoters.

Low-frequency RNA-Seq exon junction(s) not annotated.

Gene model reviewed during 5.47

Tissue-specific extension of 3' UTRs observed during later stages (FBrf0218523, FBrf0219848); all variants may not be annotated

Annotated transcripts do not represent all supported alternative splices within 5' UTR.

Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
gene
gene_with_edited_transcript
(Graveley et al., 2011)
nuclear_gene
protein_coding_gene
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name
FlyBase ID
RefSeq ID
Length (nt)
Assoc. CDS (aa)
Dys-RA
FBtr0083764
NM_001043258
11661
3497
Dys-RB
FBtr0083766
NM_001043256
5814
1669
Dys-RC
FBtr0083765
NM_001043259
10593
3127
Dys-RD
FBtr0110915
NM_001043260
6597
1854
Dys-RE
FBtr0110916
NM_001043262
4821
1051
Dys-RF
FBtr0110917
NM_001043263
13484
3529
Dys-RG
FBtr0110918
NM_001043261
11374
3504
Dys-RH
FBtr0110919
NM_001043257
11964
3598
Dys-RI
FBtr0334562
NM_001275801
12758
3228
Dys-RJ
FBtr0334563
NM_001275802
4723
1152
Dys-RK
FBtr0334564
NM_001275803
10644
3144
Dys-RL
FBtr0334565
NM_001275804
5187
1323
Additional Transcript Data and Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name
FlyBase ID
Predicted MW (kDa)
Length (aa)
Theoretical pI
RefSeq ID
GenBank
Dys-PA
FBpp0083178
399.4
3497
5.09
NP_001036723
AAF55673
Dys-PB
FBpp0083180
185.3
1669
7.05
NP_001036721
AAF55676
Dys-PC
FBpp0083179
358.1
3127
5.27
NP_001036724
AAF55675
Dys-PD
FBpp0110215
205.7
1854
7.61
NP_001036725
ABI31177
Dys-PE
FBpp0110216
116.7
1051
5.48
NP_001036727
ABI31179
Dys-PF
FBpp0110217
403.2
3529
5.05
NP_001036728
ABI31180
Dys-PG
FBpp0110218
400.2
3504
5.11
NP_001036726
ABI31178
Dys-PH
FBpp0110219
410.4
3598
5.16
NP_001036722
ABI31176
Dys-PI
FBpp0306629
369.4
3228
5.39
NP_001262730
AGB96110
Dys-PJ
FBpp0306630
127.8
1152
5.77
NP_001262731
AGB96111
Dys-PK
FBpp0306631
359.9
3144
5.27
NP_001262732
AGB96112
Dys-PL
FBpp0306632
149.9
1323
6.31
NP_001262733
AGB96113
Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

None of the polypeptides share 100% sequence identity.

Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)

Component of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Interacts with Dg, via the Dg WW domain binding sites.

(UniProt, Q9VDW3, Q9VDW6, Q7YU29, Q0KI50)
Crossreferences
InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
Linkouts
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
Mapped Features

Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\Dys using the Feature Mapper tool.

External Data
Crossreferences
Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
Linkouts
Expression Data
Expression Summary Ribbons
Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
Transcript Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult heart

Comment: isoform specific

(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
in situ
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
embryonic stage 16
embryonic/larval pericardial cell

Comment: long isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
ectoderm | segment boundary

Comment: long isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
ventral midline of embryo

Comment: long isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
embryonic/larval central nervous system

Comment: short isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
stomodeum
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval foregut
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval hindgut
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 12
posterior midgut primordium

Comment: long isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
anterior midgut primordium

Comment: long isoform-specific

(Neuman et al., 2001)
third instar larval stage
ventral nerve cord | restricted
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
embryonic/larval brain | restricted
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
eye-antennal disc | restricted
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
ventral nerve cord
(van der Plas et al., 2007)
embryonic/larval brain
(van der Plas et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 1 -- 3
organism

Comment: maternally deposited

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 4 -- 6
organism | ubiquitous
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 11 -- 12
hindgut proper primordium
(Fisher et al., 2012)
rectum primordium

Comment: reported as rectum specific anlage

(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 13 -- 16
circular visceral muscle fiber
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic dorsal epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic large intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic rectum
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic small intestine
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic ventral epidermis
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval midgut
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic/larval visceral muscle
(Fisher et al., 2012)
embryonic stage 15 -- 17
embryonic/larval pericardial cell

Comment: specific to Dys-RD transcript

(van der Plas et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 15 -- third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval hypodermal muscle

Comment: specific to Dys-RE transcript

(van der Plas et al., 2007)
ventral nerve cord
(van der Plas et al., 2007)
oogenesis
nurse cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
follicle cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
female germline cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
embryonic stage 4
organism
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic stage
embryonic epidermis
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
dorsal median cell
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
mesectoderm
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval midgut

Comment: em

(Dekkers et al., 2004)
dorsal pharyngeal muscle
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval muscle system
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
muscle attachment site
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
metameric furrow
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval dorsal vessel
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval pericardial cell
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 11 -- 13
anterior midgut primordium
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
posterior midgut primordium
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 13
visceral mesoderm
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
rectum primordium
(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic stage 14 -- 16
embryonic/larval central nervous system

Comment: small isoform

(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic brain

Comment: small isoform

(Dekkers et al., 2004)
embryonic/larval midgut

Comment: small isoform

(Dekkers et al., 2004)
RT-PCR
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult heart
(Qian et al., 2008)
Additional Descriptive Data

RT-PCR shows that the long Dys protein isoforms and one of the short isoforms (starts at the 3'-most promoter) are expressed in adult hearts but not other short Dys isoforms.

(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)

Isoform-specific expression patterns are observed. Probes specific to Dys transcripts coding for the 116 kDa protein isoform detect expression in the embryonic and larval body wall musculature, while probes specific to transcripts coding for the 205 kDa protein isoform do not detect expression in these tissues. The 116-specific isoform is also observed at the midline of the embryonic and larval ventral nerve cords. The 205-specific isoform is observed in the pericardial cells of the embryonic dorsal vessel. Both isoforms are expessed in the embryonic ventral nerve cord and in the larval brain.

(van der Plas et al., 2007)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
immunolocalization
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
third instar larval stage
embryonic/larval neuromuscular junction | subset
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | subset
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
wing disc
(Kucherenko et al., 2008)
embryonic stage 12 -- 15
embryonic hindgut
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
heart primordium
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
oogenesis
nurse cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
follicle cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
female germline cell
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
wandering third instar larval stage
photoreceptor cell
• axon
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
embryonic/larval optic stalk
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
lamina plexus
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
embryonic/larval brain
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
medulla anlage
(Shcherbata et al., 2007)
neuropil of larval thoracic neuromere
(Marrone et al., 2011)
eye disc
(Marrone et al., 2011)
embryonic stage 16
cardioblast
(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
adult stage
cardial cell
(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
adult heart
(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
mass spectroscopy
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
spermatozoon
(Wasbrough et al., 2010)
adult stage
adult head
(Aradska et al., 2015)
Additional Descriptive Data

Dys protein is also expressed in three symmetric clusters on the lateral sides of the neuropil in thoracic segements of the larval ventral nerve cord. An antibody specific to the N-terminal of the 186 kDa isoform (Dys-PB) is immunoreactive in the brain and ventral nerve cord, but not in the eye discs.

(Marrone et al., 2011)

Dys expression is detected in myocardial cells shortly before the fusion at the dorsal midline of two rows of cardiac mesoderm cells to form the heart tube and throughout embryogenesis. It is also observed in the adult hearts.

(Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
Marker for
 
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cell cortex
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
located_in cytoplasm
inferred from high throughput direct assay
(Lye et al., 2014)
inferred from direct assay
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
located_in cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
part_of dystrophin-associated glycoprotein complex
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Dg; FB:FBgn0034072
(Yatsenko et al., 2007)
located_in synapse
inferred from direct assay
(assigned by UniProt )
(van der Plas et al., 2006)
Expression Deduced from Reporters
Reporter: PBac{681.P.FSVS-1}DysCPTI002256
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain cell body rind
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
Reporter: PBac{803.P.SVS-0}DysCPTI003818
Stage
Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
Reference
adult stage
adult brain | ubiquitous
(Knowles-Barley, 2011.8.24)
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools

GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

View Dmel\Dys in GBrowse 2
RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
Bulk Downloads
RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
Reference
See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
External Data and Images
Linkouts
BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
Images
FlyBase Wiki
Image Based Resources
Alleles, Insertions, and Transgenic Constructs
Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 45 )
For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
 
Other relevant insertions
Transgenic Constructs ( 21 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of Dys
Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of Dys
Deletions and Duplications ( 2 )
Phenotypes
For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
Lethality
Allele
lethal
lethal, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
partially lethal - majority die, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable
viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
viable, with Scer\GAL4tin.CΔ4
viable (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
Sterility
Allele
fertile
Other Phenotypes
Allele
cell polarity defective, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
cell polarity defective (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
chemosensitive behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor behavior defective
locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
locomotor behavior defective, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
locomotor behavior defective | adult stage | conditional (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
neuroanatomy defective, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage (with Dys8-2)
neuroanatomy defective | third instar larval stage (with DysE6)
neurophysiology defective
neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4ChAT.7.4
neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4eve.RN2
neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4G14
neurophysiology defective, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
neurophysiology defective (with DysE6)
neurophysiology defective (with DysGE20705)
neurophysiology defective | dominant
short lived, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
stress response defective, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
visible
visible, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
visible, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
visible (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
visible (with Df(3R)Exel6184), with Scer\GAL4- :
visible (with Dysdet-1)
visible (with Dysdet-1), with Scer\GAL4- :
visible (with DysE6)
visible (with DysEMS-ModE10)
visible (with DysEP3397), with Scer\GAL4- :
visible | adult stage
visible | adult stage | somatic clone
visible | recessive
Phenotype manifest in
Allele
actin filament | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
adult heart (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
adult heart chamber (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
adult heart muscle, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
adult heart muscle (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
adult lamina marginal glial cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
crossvein
crossvein (with DysE6)
crossvein (with DysEMS-ModE10)
egg | maternal effect (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with DysdsRNA.Dp117.UAS, Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with DysE6, Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
embryonic/larval somatic muscle | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
epithelial glial cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
eye disc | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
eye disc | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
eye disc | third instar larval stage (with Dys8-2)
eye disc | third instar larval stage (with DysE6)
eye photoreceptor cell, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
eye photoreceptor cell (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage (with Dys8-2)
eye photoreceptor cell | third instar larval stage (with DysE6)
hemocyte | pupal stage (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
indirect flight muscle
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
indirect flight muscle, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
indirect flight muscle (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
indirect flight muscle (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
indirect flight muscle | conditional, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
indirect flight muscle | conditional, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
indirect flight muscle | conditional (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4GMR.PU
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4repo.PU
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage (with Dys8-2)
lamina plexus | third instar larval stage (with DysE6)
mitochondrion | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
myofibril
myofibril, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
myofibril (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
myofibril | pharate adult stage, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
myosin filament | third instar larval stage
neuromuscular junction
oocyte, with Scer\GAL4VP16.mat.αTub67C
oocyte (with Df(3R)Dl-X43)
posterior crossvein
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Act.PU
posterior crossvein, with Scer\GAL4Tub.PU
posterior crossvein (with Df(3R)Exel6184)
posterior crossvein (with Df(3R)Exel6184), with Scer\GAL4- :
posterior crossvein (with Dysdet-1)
posterior crossvein (with Dysdet-1), with Scer\GAL4- :
posterior crossvein (with DysE6)
posterior crossvein (with DysEP3397), with Scer\GAL4- :
posterior crossvein | somatic clone
presynaptic active zone
sarcomere | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
sarcoplasmic reticulum | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4how-24B
skeletal muscle of thorax | progressive, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
t-bar
terminal bouton
wing
wing blade | somatic clone
Orthologs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Orthologs
Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Homo sapiens (Human) (10)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Hsap\DMD
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
Hsap\UTRN
9 of 15
No
Yes
6  
Hsap\DRP2
5 of 15
No
Yes
Hsap\ACTN1
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ACTN2
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ACTN3
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\ACTN4
1 of 15
No
No
1  
Hsap\DST
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\DYTN
1 of 15
No
No
Hsap\MACF1
1 of 15
No
No
Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (10)
Species\Gene Symbol
Score
Best Score
Best Reverse Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Hieranoid
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OMA
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
OrthoInspector
orthoMCL
Panther
Phylome
RoundUp
TreeFam
ZFIN
Alignment
Complementation?
Transgene?
Mmus\Dmd
11 of 15
Yes
Yes
3  
Mmus\Utrn
7 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Drp2
5 of 15
No
Yes
Mmus\Actn1
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Actn2
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Actn3
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Actn4
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Dst
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Dytn
1 of 15
No
No
Mmus\Macf1
1 of 15
No
No
Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (9)
Rnor\Utrn
7 of 13
Yes
Yes
Rnor\Dmd
6 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Drp2
4 of 13
No
Yes
Rnor\Actn1
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Actn2
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Actn3
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Actn4
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Dytn
1 of 13
No
No
Rnor\Macf1
1 of 13
No
No
Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (8)
Xtro\utrn
5 of 12
Yes
Yes
Xtro\drp2
3 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\actn1
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\actn2
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\actn3
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\actn4
1 of 12
No
No
Xtro\dmd.1
1 of 12
No
Yes
Xtro\LOC105946662
1 of 12
No
Yes
Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (10)
Drer\dmd
4 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\drp2
4 of 15
Yes
Yes
Drer\actn1
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\actn2b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\actn3a
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\actn3b
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\actn4
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\dytn
1 of 15
No
No
Drer\utrn
1 of 15
No
Yes
Drer\zgc:165653
1 of 15
No
No
Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (3)
Cele\dys-1
9 of 15
Yes
Yes
Cele\atn-1
1 of 15
No
No
Cele\dyb-1
1 of 15
No
No
Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
No records found.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
No records found.
Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (1)
Spom\ain1
1 of 12
Yes
No
Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919002F )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
AAA Syntenic Ortholog
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Drosophila suzukii
Spotted wing Drosophila
Dsuz\DS10_00008430
Drosophila simulans
Dsim\GD19294
Drosophila erecta
Dere\GG23350
Drosophila yakuba
Dyak\GE25608
Drosophila ananassae
Dana\GF16554
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Dpse\GA30238
Drosophila persimilis
Dper\GL12654
Drosophila willistoni
Dwil\GK13816
Drosophila virilis
Dvir\GJ22727
Drosophila mojavensis
Dmoj\GI23105
Drosophila grimshawi
Dgri\GH22297
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG09150075 )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Musca domestica
House fly
Mdoa\17005504
Glossina morsitans
Tsetse fly
Gmor\GMOY002070
Mayetiola destructor
Hessian fly
Mdes\Mdes007321
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Aaeg\AAEL012354
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Cqui\CPIJ013032
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W000Q )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008637
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008648
Bombyx mori
Silkmoth
Bmor\BGIBMGA008647
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS215171-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS215167-PA
Danaus plexippus
Monarch butterfly
Dple\DPOGS215173-PA
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL015766
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL015767
Heliconius melpomene
Postman butterfly
Hmel\HMEL006912
Apis florea
Little honeybee
Aflo\2219119572
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB51550
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB51545
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\GB51548
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP13563
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP13560
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP13564
Bombus impatiens
Common eastern bumble bee
Bimp\BIMP13565
Bombus terrestris
Buff-tailed bumblebee
Bter\15212090
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH19839
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH19856
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH19840
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH19835
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH19855
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0023e1
Megachile rotundata
Alfalfa leafcutting bee
Mrot\MROTU:0023d6
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004424
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004427
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004426
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG004425
Dendroctonus ponderosae
Mountain pine beetle
Dpod\YQE_04044
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Tcas\TC013449
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM253760
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Phum\PHUM253810
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC006956
Rhodnius prolixus
Kissing bug
Rpro\RPRC000889
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC010804
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC010805
Cimex lectularius
Bed bug
Clec\CLEC010814
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI005709
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Apim\ACYPI009478
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_10193
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_14404
Zootermopsis nevadensis
Nevada dampwood termite
Znev\Znev_17655
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090X019I )
Organism
Common Name
Gene
Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
Tetranychus urticae
Two-spotted spider mite
Turt\tetur17g00760
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
Paralogs
Downloads
Download All DIOPT Paralogs
Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (9)
Gene Symbol
Score
Source
Compara
eggNOG
Homologene
Inparanoid
Isobase
OrthoDB
OrthoFinder
orthoMCL
Panther
RoundUp
Alignment
Actn
2 of 10
α-Spec
2 of 10
β-Spec
2 of 10
CG5984
1 of 10
dah
1 of 10
Dyb
1 of 10
jbug
1 of 10
kst
1 of 10
shot
1 of 10
Human Disease Associations
FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
Disease Model Summary Ribbon
Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 8 )
Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 3 )
Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 2 )
Allele
Disease
Interaction
References
DysdsRNA.NH2.UAS
model of  Duchenne muscular dystrophy
is ameliorated by wunEMS4
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by laceUAS.Tag:HA
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by wunGD1640
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by wunk10201
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
model of  muscular dystrophy
is exacerbated by mblE27
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by Rack1EE
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by dyscc03838
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by captE636
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by captE593
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by Camn339
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
is exacerbated by uif2B7
(Kucherenko et al., 2011)
DysdsRNA.C.UAS
model of  Duchenne muscular dystrophy
is ameliorated by wunGD1640
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by wunk10201
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by spin11F5
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by wunEMS4
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by laceUAS.Tag:HA
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
is ameliorated by Sply05091
(Pantoja et al., 2013)
Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
Homo sapiens (Human)
Gene name
Score
OMIM
OMIM Phenotype
DO term
Complementation?
Transgene?
DMD; dystrophin
11 of 15
300377
UTRN; utrophin
9 of 15
128240
       
      DRP2; dystrophin related protein 2
      5 of 15
      300052
          Functional Complementation Data
          Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
          Interactions
          Summary of Physical Interactions
          esyN Network Diagram
          Show neighbor-neighbor interactions:
          Select Layout:
          Legend:
          Protein
          RNA
          Selected Interactor(s)
          Interactions Browser
          View in Interactions Browser
          Please see the Physical Interaction reports below for full details
          protein-protein
          Physical Interaction
          Assay
          References
          Dys - Dg
          fluorescence polarization spectroscopy, predetermined participant
          (Shcherbata et al., 2007, Yatsenko et al., 2007)
          Dys - Rab14
          pull down, peptide massfingerprinting
          (Gillingham et al., 2014)
          Summary of Genetic Interactions
          esyN Network Diagram
          esyN Network Key:
          Suppression
          Enhancement
          View in Interactions Browser
          Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          Dys
          suppressible
          aos
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Cam
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          Cam
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          capt
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          suppressible
          CG4496
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Dad
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          DCTN2-p50
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          del
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Dl
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          dpp
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          dpp
          (Yu et al., 1996)
          Dys
          suppressible
          dsx-c73A
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          Dyb
          (Jantrapirom et al., 2019)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          dysc
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          suppressible
          fra
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          gcm
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          grh
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Hipk
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          kek1
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Khc
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          kis
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(2)k03003
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(2)k04222b
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(2)k09848
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(2)k10317
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(3)j5B6
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          l(3)L4092
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          lace
          (Pantoja et al., 2013)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Lis-1
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          mbl
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          mbl
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          msk
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          msk
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          nAChRα6
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Nrk
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          POSH
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          Rack1
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          suppressible
          robo1
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011, Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          robo2
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Sdc
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          Sema1a
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Sema2a
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          sli
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          spin
          (Pantoja et al., 2013)
          Dys
          suppressible
          Sply
          (Pantoja et al., 2013)
          Dys
          suppressible
          stan
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          uif
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          enhanceable
          uif
          (Kucherenko et al., 2011)
          Dys
          suppressible
          v(2)k14204
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          vimar
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          wg
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Dys
          suppressible
          wun
          (Pantoja et al., 2013, Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          Starting gene(s)
          Interaction type
          Interacting gene(s)
          Reference
          ChAT
          suppressible
          Dys
          (Fradkin et al., 2008)
          cv-c
          suppressible
          Dys
          (Pilgram et al., 2011)
          Dg
          enhanceable
          Dys
          (Kucherenko et al., 2008)
          gbb
          suppressible
          Dys
          (Fradkin et al., 2008)
          External Data
          Subunit Structure (UniProtKB)
          Component of the dystrophin associated protein complex (DAPC). Interacts with Dg, via the Dg WW domain binding sites.
          (UniProt, Q9VDW3, Q9VDW6, Q7YU29, Q0KI50 )
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Pathways
          Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
          Metabolic Pathways
          External Data
          Linkouts
          Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
          Chromosome (arm)
          3R
          Recombination map

          3-66

          Cytogenetic map
          92A5-92A10
          Sequence location
          3R:19,461,085..19,597,288 [+]
          FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Evidence for location
          92A5-92A10
          Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{EP}EP650 and P{PZ}l(3)1058510585
          Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
          Cytogenetic map
          Notes
          References
          91F-92A
          (determined by in situ hybridisation)
          (Neuman et al., 2001)
          92A6-92A7
          (Greener, 2000.6.14)
          Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
          Location

          3-66

          (FlyBase, 2016)

          3-68.4

          (Comeron et al., 2012)

          3-67

          (Christoforou et al., 2008)

          3-72.5

          Left of (cM)
          (Christoforou et al., 2008)
          Right of (cM)
          Notes

          det has been mapped by recombination to approximately 3-67, in contrast to the previously reported position of 3-72.5 (in agreement with this, all deficiencies covering the 72.5cM recombination position complement det mutations).

          (Christoforou et al., 2008)
          Stocks and Reagents
          Stocks (31)
          Genomic Clones (93)
          cDNA Clones (50)
           

          Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

          cDNA clones, fully sequenced
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

          For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

          cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
          BDGP DGC clones
          Other clones
          RNAi and Array Information
          Linkouts
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          Antibody Information
          Laboratory Generated Antibodies
           

          polyclonal

          (Fradkin et al., 2008)
          Commercially Available Antibodies
           
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          Other Information
          Relationship to Other Genes
          Source for database identify of

          Source for identity of: Dys det

          (Fradkin et al., 2009.1.16)
          Source for database merge of

          Source for merge of: det Dys

          (Christoforou et al., 2008)

          Source for merge of: Dys CG7240

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006, FlyBase, 1996-)
          Additional comments

          Source for merge of Dys CG7240 was sequence comparison ( date:001003 ).

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006, FlyBase, 1996-)

          Annotations CG17750, CG7240 merged as CG31175 in release 3 of the genome annotation.

          (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)
          Other Comments

          det is a non-essential gene in D.melanogaster.

          (Christoforou et al., 2008)

          The sole overt morphological defect associated with null det mutations is the variable loss of the posterior crossvein.

          (Christoforou et al., 2008)

          gbb and the Dp186 isoform of Dys have an additive effect on synaptic currents, acting through separate non-interacting pathways.

          (Fradkin et al., 2008)

          Absence of the large Dys isoforms in the post-synaptic muscle cell leads to elevated evoked neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic apparatus.

          (van der Plas et al., 2006)

          Short-term synaptic facilitation of evoked transmitter release is decreased in the mutants, suggesting that the absence of Dys results in increased probability of release.

          (van der Plas et al., 2006)

          One of 42 Drosophila genes identified as being most likely to reveal molecular and cellular mechanisms of nervous system development or plasticity relevant to human Mental Retardation disorders.

          (Inlow and Restifo, 2004)

          dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.

          (Kiger et al., 2003)

          Loss of vein mutations cause suppression of rhohs.PSt ectopic vein phenotype and enhancement of the rhove-1 loss of vein phenotype.

          (Sturtevant and Bier, 1995)
          Origin and Etymology
          Discoverer

          Nichols-Skoog, 27th Nov. 1935.

          Etymology
          Identification
          External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 116 )
          Sequence Crossreferences
          NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
          GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
          GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
          RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
          UniProt/Swiss-Prot - Manually annotated and reviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
          Other crossreferences
          BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
          Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
          Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
          Fly-FISH - A database of Drosophila embryo and larvae mRNA localization patterns
          Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
          FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
          GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
          InterPro - A database of protein families, domains and functional sites
          KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
          modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
          SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
          Linkouts
          BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
          DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
          DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
          Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank - Monoclonal antibodies for use in research
          FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
          Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
          InterologFinder - Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
          MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
          Synonyms and Secondary IDs (33)
          Reported As
          Symbol Synonym
          CG17750
          CG31175
          (Huang et al., 2005, Metaxakis et al., 2005)
          CG34157
          (Hosono et al., 2015, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2006)
          CG7240
          (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          CG7243
          (Rynes et al., 2012, Dekkers et al., 2004, Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          CG7344
          (Ma et al., 2006)
          DLP
          (Neuman et al., 2005)
          DLP1
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, Neuman, 2000.8.28)
          DLP186
          (Neuman, 2000.8.27)
          DLP2
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, van der Plas et al., 2006, Neuman, 2000.8.21)
          DLP3
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, Neuman, 2000.8.31)
          DYS
          (Potikanond et al., 2018)
          DmDLP
          DmDYS
          (Greener and Roberts, 2000)
          Dp117
          (Pilgram et al., 2011)
          Dp186
          (Jantrapirom et al., 2019, Pilgram et al., 2011, Fradkin et al., 2008)
          Dp205
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, Neuman et al., 2005.1.4)
          Dys
          (Ramesh et al., 2020, Jantrapirom et al., 2019, Li et al., 2019, Camuglia et al., 2018, Rohde et al., 2017, Shao et al., 2017, Transgenic RNAi Project members, 2017-, Gene Disruption Project members, 2015-, Morozova et al., 2015, Brown et al., 2014, Kim and Choe, 2014, Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2014, Yatsenko et al., 2014, Pantoja et al., 2013, Saunders et al., 2013, Sen et al., 2013, Gates, 2012, Friedman et al., 2011, Kucherenko et al., 2011, Pilgram et al., 2011, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Fradkin et al., 2009.1.16, Bogdanik et al., 2008, Fradkin et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Pantoja et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2007, Mortimer and Moberg, 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, van der Plas et al., 2007, Schneider et al., 2006, van der Plas et al., 2006)
          Dystrophin
          (Gates, 2012, Pool et al., 2012, Smibert et al., 2012)
          GI3046716
          (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
          IDLP
          (Roberts and Bobrow, 1998)
          det
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, Jaramillo et al., 2009, Christoforou et al., 2008, Ray et al., 2007)
          dmDLP
          (Nudel et al., 2005, Neuman et al., 2001)
          dmDp186
          dmDys
          (Mosqueira et al., 2010)
          dys
          (Bischof et al., 2018, Plantié et al., 2015, Schleede and Blair, 2015, Ashwal-Fluss et al., 2014, Mirouse et al., 2009, Mirouse et al., 2009, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Fradkin et al., 2008, Qian et al., 2008, Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008)
          Name Synonyms
          Dystrophin
          (Duff et al., 2015, Peterson and Krasnow, 2015, Wangler et al., 2015, Frank, 2014, Kim and Choe, 2014, Pilgram et al., 2011, Fradkin et al., 2009.1.16, Bogdanik et al., 2008, Christoforou et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2008, Taghli-Lamallem et al., 2008, Kucherenko et al., 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Shcherbata et al., 2007, Burnette et al., 2005, Roberts and Bobrow, 1998)
          Dystrophin Dp186
          (Jantrapirom et al., 2019, Fradkin et al., 2008)
          Dystrophin-like protein 1
          (Neuman, 2000.8.28)
          Dystrophin-like protein 186
          (Neuman, 2000.8.27)
          Dystrophin-like protein 2
          (van der Plas et al., 2006, Neuman, 2000.8.21)
          Dystrophin-like protein 3
          (Neuman, 2000.8.31)
          detached
          (Pilgram et al., 2011, Jaramillo et al., 2009, Christoforou et al., 2008, Ray et al., 2007)
          dystrophin
          (Bischof et al., 2018, Potikanond et al., 2018, Jagla et al., 2017, Cannon and Bodmer, 2016, Lloyd and Taylor, 2010, Qian and Bodmer, 2009, Pantoja et al., 2008, Qian et al., 2008, Kohsaka et al., 2007, Ray et al., 2007, van der Plas et al., 2007, Yatsenko et al., 2007, Montana and Littleton, 2006, van der Plas et al., 2006, Burnette et al., 2005)
          Secondary FlyBase IDs
          • FBgn0000435
          • FBgn0024242
          • FBan0007344
          • FBgn0038710
          • FBgn0038711
          • FBgn0038713
          • FBgn0051175
          Datasets (0)
          Study focus (0)
          Experimental Role
          Project
          Project Type
          Title
          References (167)