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Gene Dmel\flr

General Information
Symbol	Dmel\flr	Species	D. melanogaster
Name	flare	Annotation symbol	CG10724
Feature type	protein_coding_gene	FlyBase ID	FBgn0260049
Gene Model Status	Current	Stock availability	22 publicly available
Also Known As	AIP1
Genomic Location
Chromosome (arm)	3L	Recombination map	3-38.8
Cytogenetic map	70A8-70B1	Sequence location	3L:13,405,943..13,409,553 [+]
Genomic Maps Select View:Gene Models/EvidenceExpression/RegulationMegaViewGene Disruptions, Stocks and Reagents Beta	Decorated FastA GenBankGFF Gene region Extended Gene region CDSIntronsExonsTranslationsTranscripts3' UTR5' UTR
Summary Information
Automatically generated summary See sections below for more information	The gene flare is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol Dmel\flr (CG10724, FBgn0260049). It is a protein_coding_gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Based on sequence similarity, it is predicted to have molecular function: actin binding. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the biological process: actin filament depolymerization; sarcomere organization; imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization; phagocytosis, engulfment. 20 alleles are reported. The phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: Z disc; trichome; macrochaeta; microchaeta; socket; wing hair. It has 2 annotated transcripts and 2 annotated polypeptides. Protein features are: WD40 repeat; WD40-repeat-containing domain; WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 and 12-18 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval midgut, larval hindgut, larval salivary gland, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult central nervous system, adult midgut, adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1637557_a_at completely aligns to an exonic region common to each of the 2 FlyBase-annotated transcript isoforms of flr. Gene sequence location is 3L:13405943..13409553.
User Contributed Data
	Beta version, feedback welcome
Phenotypic Description from the Red Book (Lindsley & Zimm 1992)
Gene/Allele symbols may differ from current usage	flr: flare Chaetae and trichomes in thorax and abdomen abnormally shaped. Chaetae have rudimentary sockets, and shaft is frequently crooked and branched. Trichomes transformed into multiple short outgrowths which appear as swellings on wing cells and as rosettes in abdominal cuticle cells. Homozygotes are zygotic lethals but cell viable; homozygous clones may have reduced survival in thorax but not in abdomen. Excellent marker for homozygous 3L clones.
Recent Updates
Description	What does this section display? This section contains items that were added to this record for each release. It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other FlyBase data classes (e.g. genes, references, stocks) or controlled vocabulary terms (e.g. GO, anatomy terms). What does this section not display? This section does not currently display links that were removed or gene model changes.
Update Feed	Click the icon below to subscribe to this FlyBase record and receive updates automatically through your feed reader.
FB2013_03
FB2013_02
All updates	Click here to see a list of all updates to this record from FB2010_08 and on.
Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Evidence for location 70A8-70B1   Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}l(3)0422004220&P{lacW}l(3)j10B6j10B6 and P{PZ}stv00543
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
Cytogenetic map Notes References 70A-70B     (Ren et al., 2007)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location	3-38.8   3-39 (Martin, 1995.12.5)
Left of (cM)	th
Right of (cM)	h
Notes
Gene Model & Products
Please see the GBrowse view of Dmel\flr for information on other features To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form
Comments on Gene Model
	Gene model reviewed during 5.45
Transcript Data
Annotated Transcripts
Name FlyBase ID RefSeq ID Length (nt) Associated CDS (aa) flr-RA FBtr0075845  NM_140385   2275   608 flr-RB FBtr0075846  NM_168543   2210   604
Additional Transcript Data & Comments
Reported size (kB)
Comments
External Data
Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data
Annotated Polypeptides
Name FlyBase ID Predicted MW (kDa) Length (aa) Theoretical pI RefSeq ID GenBank protein flr-PA   FBpp0075581   66.5   608   6.72     NP_648642   AAF49822 flr-PB   FBpp0075582   66.1   604   6.72     NP_729891   AAN11835
Additional Polypeptide Data & Comments
Reported size (kDa)
Comments
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943)
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank	DNA sequence Protein sequence Name AA201984   AA247019   AA698101   AA699101   AA816259   AA820805   AA941688   AA942184   AE014296 AAF49822   AE014296 AAN11835   AI295943   AI389916   AI402959   AI455894   AI515810   AI530821   AI541725   AI542250   AI542426   AW942868   AY061340 AAL28888   BG636221   BI162181   BI162182   BI164702   BI166233   BI166507   BI215104   BI229191   BI236243   BI242301   BI352506   BI356927   BI357322   BI362260   BI362493   BI362518   BI366533   BI367535   BI368280   BI368745   BI372229   BI373142   BI482803   BI485519   BI571589   BI571917   BI571930   BI573265   BI573266   BI581525   BI586681   BI587488   BI590874   BI629414   BI633458   BI633630   BI635132   BT099796   CA806122   CL526211   CO268503   CO292079   CO292086   CO293621   CO308286   CO310511   CO332662   CZ480951   CZ480952   EC067843   EC075743   EC076869   EC086525   EC201079   EC235773   EC240275   EL883555   EL883664   EL883758   EL883875   EV596293   EV599554   FE863527   FE863597   FE863657   FE863682   FE863730   FE863731   FE863787   FE863842   FE863912   FE863913   GH740811   GH741032   GH766561   GH769721
UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot	Q9VU68
UniProtKB/TrEMBL
Mapped Features
Mapped Features have been reorganized, please see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can be found on GBrowse or related reports. Type Symbol & Location Additional Notes References
External Data
Linkouts
Crossreferences
Expression Data
Transcript Expression
in situ Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference embryonic stage 1 -- 3   pole plasm   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited organism   • pole plasm (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:maternally deposited embryonic stage 4 -- 6   organism | ubiquitous   (Fisher et al., 2012) pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) pole plasm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 7 -- 8   pole cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 9 -- 10   germline cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) trunk mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic stage 11 -- 12   germline cell   (Fisher et al., 2012) visceral muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as muscle system primordium head mesoderm   (Fisher et al., 2012) somatic muscle primordium   (Fisher et al., 2012) Comment:reported as muscle system primordium embryonic stage 13 -- 16   dorsal pharyngeal muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval muscle system   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval somatic muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) embryonic/larval visceral muscle   (Fisher et al., 2012) germline cell   (Fisher et al., 2012)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization
CV Term
Polypeptide Expression
mass spectroscopy Stage Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization) Reference day 7 of adulthood -- day 49 of adulthood   adult heart   (Cammarato et al., 2011)
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for
Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component)
CV term Evidence References
Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference	See Gelbart and Emmert, 2010.10.13 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (FlyAtlas-RNA.adult) (FlyAtlas-RNA.larva)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap Back-to-back    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High level expression bin max Very high expression bin max Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Many larval and adult organs/tissues expressed at moderate or high levels. Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult crop, larval midgut, larval hindgut, larval salivary gland, larval carcass. Expression at moderate levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult head, larval/adult central nervous system, adult midgut, adult hindgut, larval Malpighian tubules, adult heart, larval fat body, larval trachea, adult ovary, adult male accessory gland, adult carcass. [download data (TSV)] Guide to FlyAtlas expression level colors   No expression (0 - 9.999)   Low expression (10 - 99.999)   Moderate expression (100 - 499.999)   High level expression (500 - 999.999)   Very high expression (>999.999) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass    1195.6 Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut  (567.1) Larval Hindgut  (826) Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland  (556.1) Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass  (1195.6) Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop  (702.1) Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  Linear, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass  (1195.6) Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass    1195.6 Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  Very high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass    1195.6 Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut  567.1 Larval Hindgut  (826) Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland  556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass  (1195.6) Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop  702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High  log, scaled to High level expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass  1195.6 Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  log, scaled to Very high expression Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System    428.625 Larval Midgut    567.1 Larval Hindgut    826 Larval Malpighian Tubules    328.6 Larval Fat Body    146.7 Larval Salivary Gland    556.1 Larval Trachea    150.075 Larval Carcass    1195.6 Adult Head    117.4 Adult Eye    44.625 Adult Brain    106.4 Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7 Adult Crop    702.1 Adult Midgut    308.3 Adult Hindgut    280.2 Adult Malpighian Tubules    86.7 Adult Fat Body    80.7 Adult Salivary Gland    84.6 Adult Heart    127.425 Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca    29.4 Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30 Adult Ovary    387.6 Adult Testis    37.7 Adult Male Accessory Gland    154.8 Adult Carcass    123.2 Expression Level Scale  None   Low   Moderate   High   Very high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level Larval Central Nervous System     Larval Midgut     Larval Hindgut     Larval Malpighian Tubules     Larval Fat Body     Larval Salivary Gland     Larval Trachea     Larval Carcass     Adult Head     Adult Eye     Adult Brain     Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion     Adult Crop     Adult Midgut     Adult Hindgut     Adult Malpighian Tubules     Adult Fat Body     Adult Salivary Gland     Adult Heart     Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca     Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca     Adult Ovary     Adult Testis     Adult Male Accessory Gland     Adult Carcass     FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult Larval Expression Level Tissue Adult Expression Level   NA  Head    117.4   NA  Eye    44.625   NA  Brain    106.4   428.625  Central Nervous System    NA   NA  Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion    83.7   NA  Crop    702.1   567.1  Midgut    308.3   826  Hindgut    280.2   328.6  Malpighian Tubules    86.7   146.7  Fat Body    80.7   556.1  Salivary Gland    84.6   NA  Heart    127.425   150.075  Trachea    NA   NA  VirginFemale Spermatheca    no informative data   NA  InseminatedFemale Spermatheca    30   NA  Ovary    387.6   NA  Testis    37.7   NA  Male Accessory Gland    154.8   1195.6  Carcass    123.2 FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data (Chintapalli et al., 2007)
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
modENCODE Tissue Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_tissues)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (36) central nervous system, larvae L3  (72) central nervous system, pupae P8  (38) head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (55) digestive system, 1-day adult  (34) digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  (37) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae  (43) fat body, pupae P8  (39) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (98) carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (78) ovary, mated 4-day female  (75) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering  (36) central nervous system, larvae L3  (72) central nervous system, pupae P8  (38) head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering  (55) digestive system, 1-day adult  (34) digestive system, 4-day adult  (33) digestive system, 20-day adult  (37) fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae  (43) fat body, pupae P8  (39) carcass, larvae L3 wandering  (98) carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female  (78) ovary, mated 4-day female  (75) testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering    36 central nervous system, larvae L3    72 central nervous system, pupae P8    38 head, virgin 1-day female    17 head, virgin 4-day female    14 head, virgin 20-day female    12 head, mated 1-day female    16 head, mated 4-day female    12 head, mated 20-day female    11 head, mated 1-day male    18 head, mated 4-day male    14 head, mated 20-day male    20 salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering    7 salivary gland, white prepupae    16 digestive system, larvae L3 wandering    55 digestive system, 1-day adult    34 digestive system, 4-day adult    33 digestive system, 20-day adult    37 fat body, larvae L3 wandering    10 fat body, white prepupae    43 fat body, pupae P8    39 carcass, larvae L3 wandering    98 carcass, 1-day adult    21 carcass, 4-day adult    20 carcass, 20-day adult    16 ovary, virgin 4-day female    78 ovary, mated 4-day female    75 testis, mated 4-day male    14 accessory gland, mated 4-day male    13 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Tissue   Expression Level imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering     central nervous system, larvae L3     central nervous system, pupae P8     head, virgin 1-day female     head, virgin 4-day female     head, virgin 20-day female     head, mated 1-day female     head, mated 4-day female     head, mated 20-day female     head, mated 1-day male     head, mated 4-day male     head, mated 20-day male     salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering     salivary gland, white prepupae     digestive system, larvae L3 wandering     digestive system, 1-day adult     digestive system, 4-day adult     digestive system, 20-day adult     fat body, larvae L3 wandering     fat body, white prepupae     fat body, pupae P8     carcass, larvae L3 wandering     carcass, 1-day adult     carcass, 4-day adult     carcass, 20-day adult     ovary, virgin 4-day female     ovary, mated 4-day female     testis, mated 4-day male     accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_U)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of moderate expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 and 12-18 hour embryonic stages. [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    142 embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr    200 embryo 16-18hr    131 embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (142) embryo 02-04hr  (55) embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr  (30) embryo 10-12hr  (95) embryo 12-14hr  (93) embryo 14-16hr  (200) embryo 16-18hr  (131) embryo 18-20hr  (64) embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1  (58) larva L2  (89) larva L3 12hr old  (106) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (79) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (73) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (71) white prepupae new  (77) white prepupae 12hr  (67) white prepupae 24hr  (63) pupae 2d postWPP  (61) pupae 3d postWPP  (77) pupae 4d postWPP  (32) adult male 01day  (29) adult male 05day  26 adult male 30day  (32) adult female 01day  (74) adult female 05day  (88) adult female 30day  (87) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (142) embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr  (200) embryo 16-18hr  (131) embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old  106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    142 embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr    200 embryo 16-18hr    131 embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    142 embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr    200 embryo 16-18hr    131 embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  (142) embryo 02-04hr  (55) embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr  30 embryo 10-12hr  (95) embryo 12-14hr  (93) embryo 14-16hr  (200) embryo 16-18hr  (131) embryo 18-20hr  (64) embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1  (58) larva L2  (89) larva L3 12hr old  (106) larva L3 puffstage 1-2  (79) larva L3 puffstage 3-6  (73) larva L3 puffstage 7-9  (71) white prepupae new  (77) white prepupae 12hr  (67) white prepupae 24hr  (63) pupae 2d postWPP  (61) pupae 3d postWPP  (77) pupae 4d postWPP  32 adult male 01day  29 adult male 05day  26 adult male 30day  32 adult female 01day  (74) adult female 05day  (88) adult female 30day  (87) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr  142 embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr  (200) embryo 16-18hr  131 embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old  106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr    142 embryo 02-04hr    55 embryo 04-06hr    17 embryo 06-08hr    22 embryo 08-10hr    30 embryo 10-12hr    95 embryo 12-14hr    93 embryo 14-16hr    200 embryo 16-18hr    131 embryo 18-20hr    64 embryo 20-22hr    23 embryo 22-24hr    25 larva L1    58 larva L2    89 larva L3 12hr old    106 larva L3 puffstage 1-2    79 larva L3 puffstage 3-6    73 larva L3 puffstage 7-9    71 white prepupae new    77 white prepupae 12hr    67 white prepupae 24hr    63 pupae 2d postWPP    61 pupae 3d postWPP    77 pupae 4d postWPP    32 adult male 01day    29 adult male 05day    26 adult male 30day    32 adult female 01day    74 adult female 05day    88 adult female 30day    87 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Developmental Stage   Expression Level embryo 00-02hr     embryo 02-04hr     embryo 04-06hr     embryo 06-08hr     embryo 08-10hr     embryo 10-12hr     embryo 12-14hr     embryo 14-16hr     embryo 16-18hr     embryo 18-20hr     embryo 20-22hr     embryo 22-24hr     larva L1     larva L2     larva L3 12hr old     larva L3 puffstage 1-2     larva L3 puffstage 3-6     larva L3 puffstage 7-9     white prepupae new     white prepupae 12hr     white prepupae 24hr     pupae 2d postWPP     pupae 3d postWPP     pupae 4d postWPP     adult male 01day     adult male 05day     adult male 30day     adult female 01day     adult female 05day     adult female 30day     modENCODE Temporal Expression Data (Graveley et al., 2011)
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
modENCODE Cell Line Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.A) (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_cell.B)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    119 Schneider line 2 Sg4    234 embryonic 1182-4H    154 embryonic GM2    203 embryonic Kc167    102 embryonic S1    135 embryonic S3    108 leg disc CME L1    219 wing disc CME-W2    129 wing disc ML-DmD8    124 wing disc ML-DmD9    145 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    117 wing disc ML-DmD21    172 wing disc ML-DmD32    118 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    189 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    213 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    184 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (119) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (234) embryonic 1182-4H  (154) embryonic GM2  (203) embryonic Kc167  (102) embryonic S1  (135) embryonic S3  (108) leg disc CME L1  (219) wing disc CME-W2  (129) wing disc ML-DmD8  (124) wing disc ML-DmD9  (145) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (117) wing disc ML-DmD21  (172) wing disc ML-DmD32  (118) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (189) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (101) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (213) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (184) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (90) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (106) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (78) ovary fGS/OSS  (60) ovary OSC  (56) ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (119) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (234) embryonic 1182-4H  (154) embryonic GM2  (203) embryonic Kc167  102 embryonic S1  (135) embryonic S3  (108) leg disc CME L1  (219) wing disc CME-W2  (129) wing disc ML-DmD8  (124) wing disc ML-DmD9  (145) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (117) wing disc ML-DmD21  (172) wing disc ML-DmD32  (118) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (189) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (213) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (184) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    119 Schneider line 2 Sg4    234 embryonic 1182-4H    154 embryonic GM2    203 embryonic Kc167    102 embryonic S1    135 embryonic S3    108 leg disc CME L1    219 wing disc CME-W2    129 wing disc ML-DmD8    124 wing disc ML-DmD9    145 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    117 wing disc ML-DmD21    172 wing disc ML-DmD32    118 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    189 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    213 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    184 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    119 Schneider line 2 Sg4    234 embryonic 1182-4H    154 embryonic GM2    203 embryonic Kc167    102 embryonic S1    135 embryonic S3    108 leg disc CME L1    219 wing disc CME-W2    129 wing disc ML-DmD8    124 wing disc ML-DmD9    145 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    117 wing disc ML-DmD21    172 wing disc ML-DmD32    118 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    189 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    213 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    184 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  (119) Schneider line 2 Sg4  (234) embryonic 1182-4H  (154) embryonic GM2  (203) embryonic Kc167  (102) embryonic S1  (135) embryonic S3  (108) leg disc CME L1  (219) wing disc CME-W2  (129) wing disc ML-DmD8  (124) wing disc ML-DmD9  (145) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  (117) wing disc ML-DmD21  (172) wing disc ML-DmD32  (118) haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (189) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  (101) antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (213) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (184) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1  (90) CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  (106) tumorous blood cells mbn2  (78) ovary fGS/OSS  (60) ovary OSC  (56) ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+  119 Schneider line 2 Sg4  (234) embryonic 1182-4H  (154) embryonic GM2  (203) embryonic Kc167  102 embryonic S1  135 embryonic S3  108 leg disc CME L1  (219) wing disc CME-W2  129 wing disc ML-DmD8  124 wing disc ML-DmD9  (145) wing disc ML-DmD16-c3  117 wing disc ML-DmD21  (172) wing disc ML-DmD32  118 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3  (189) eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11  101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5  (213) mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1  (184) CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2  106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+    119 Schneider line 2 Sg4    234 embryonic 1182-4H    154 embryonic GM2    203 embryonic Kc167    102 embryonic S1    135 embryonic S3    108 leg disc CME L1    219 wing disc CME-W2    129 wing disc ML-DmD8    124 wing disc ML-DmD9    145 wing disc ML-DmD16-c3    117 wing disc ML-DmD21    172 wing disc ML-DmD32    118 haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3    189 eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11    101 antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5    213 mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1    184 CNS ML-DmBG1-c1    90 CNS ML-DmBG2-c2    106 tumorous blood cells mbn2    78 ovary fGS/OSS    60 ovary OSC    56 ovary OSS    23 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Cell Line   Expression Level Schneider line 2 S2R+     Schneider line 2 Sg4     embryonic 1182-4H     embryonic GM2     embryonic Kc167     embryonic S1     embryonic S3     leg disc CME L1     wing disc CME-W2     wing disc ML-DmD8     wing disc ML-DmD9     wing disc ML-DmD16-c3     wing disc ML-DmD21     wing disc ML-DmD32     haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3     eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11     antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5     mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1     CNS ML-DmBG1-c1     CNS ML-DmBG2-c2     tumorous blood cells mbn2     ovary fGS/OSS     ovary OSC     ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
modENCODE Treatment Expression Data (modENCODE_mRNA-Seq_treatments)    Styles Linear Logarithmic Heatmap    Scales gene max expression Moderate expression bin max High expression bin max Extremely high expression bin max [download data (TSV)] Guide to modENCODE expression level colors   No/Extremely low expression (0 - 0)   Very low expression (1 - 3)   Low expression (4 - 10)   Moderate expression (11 - 25)   Moderately high expression (26 - 50)   High expression (51 - 100)   Very high expression (101 - 1000)   Extremely high expression (>1000) Linear, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    136 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    112 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    123 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  (32) cold shock, 4-day adult  (28) heat shock, 4-day adult  (97) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (136) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (69) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (69) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (90) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (27) Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (82) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (104) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (112) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (73) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (59) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (62) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (93) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (123) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  Linear, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (136) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (112) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (123) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    136 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    112 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    123 Expression Level Scale  Extremely high  log, scaled to maximum expression level Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    136 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    112 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    123 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Moderate expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult  32 cold shock, 4-day adult  28 heat shock, 4-day adult  (97) Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  (136) Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (69) Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (94) Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (69) Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (90) Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3  (46) Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (82) Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (104) Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  (112) Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3  (73) Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (59) Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (36) Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (55) Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult  (62) Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (93) Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  (123) Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high  log, scaled to High expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3  136 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3  104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3  112 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3  123 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high  log, scaled to Extremely high expression Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult    32 cold shock, 4-day adult    28 heat shock, 4-day adult    97 Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3    136 Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    69 Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    94 Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    69 Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    90 Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    27 Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3    46 Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    25 Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    82 Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3    104 Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3    112 Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3    73 Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    59 Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult    36 Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    55 Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult    62 Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    93 Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3    123 Expression Level Scale  Very low   Low   Moderate   Moderately high   High   Very high   Extremely high  Heatmap Treatment   Expression Level extended cold, 4-day adult     cold shock, 4-day adult     heat shock, 4-day adult     Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3     Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3     Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult     Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3     Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
	A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development. (The modENCODE Consortium, 2010, Graveley et al., 2011) mE2_34_mRNA_expression_cluster_09 mE1_20_mRNA_expression_cluster_02
External Data & Images
Linkouts	BDGP expression data • LD27045 RE63353 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0260049 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10724-RA
Alleles & Phenotypes
Summary of Allele Phenotypes
Lethality Allele lethal | pupal stage, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237 flrGD12603 lethal | recessive flr1 flr5 flr6 partially lethal - majority die | recessive flr4 viable flrCA07499 flrEY10317 viable | somatic clone flr1 Sterility Allele fertile flrEY10317 Other Phenotypes Allele visible (with flr4) flrEY05812 visible (with flrEY05812) flr4 visible | recessive | somatic clone flr5 Phenotype manifest in Allele cytoplasmic microtubule | somatic clone flr4 filamentous actin | somatic clone flr5 macrochaeta flr1 microchaeta flr1 socket flr1 trichome flr1 wing hair (with flr4) flrEY05812 wing hair (with flrEY05812) flr4 wing hair | somatic clone flr4 flr5 flr6 Z disc, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR flrGD12603
Classical Alleles ( 14 )
For All Classical Alleles Show
Allele of flr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion flr3 ethyl methanesulfonate 6 -- flr1 ethyl methanesulfonate 5 -- flr4 1 Yes flre03184 piggyBac transposase 1 -- flrEY05812 P-element activity 1 Yes flrEY10317 P-element activity 1 -- flrGS3108 1 Yes flrNP3156 1 -- flr2 ethyl methanesulfonate 0 -- flr5 0 Yes flr6 0 Yes flrBG2697R5 P-element activity 0 Yes flrCA07499 P-element activity 0 Yes flrunspecified 0 --
Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs ( 6 )
For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
Allele of flr Class Mutagen Stocks Known lesion flrGD12603 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 2 Yes flrGL01158 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes flrJF01620 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes flrKK100083 in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 1 Yes flrNIG.10724R in vitro construct - RNAi in vitro construct - regulatory fusion 0 Yes flrScer\UAS.T:Avic\GFP in vitro construct - regulatory fusion in vitro construct - coding region fusion 0 Yes
Aneuploid Aberrations
Not disrupted in	Df(3L)TP32 (Bishop et al., 1999)
Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs
	Type of construct Name Expression data UAS construct P{KK100083} NA P{NIG.10724R} NA P{TRiP.GL01158} NA P{TRiP.JF01620} NA P{UAS-flr.GFP} NA
Insertions
	Type of insertions Name Expression data insertion of mobile activating element P{EPgy2}flrEY05812 NA P{EPgy2}flrEY10317 NA P{GSV1}flrGS3108 NA insertion of enhancer trap binary system P{GawB}flrNP3156 No miscellaneous insertions P{PTT-GA}flrCA07499 NA PBac{RB}flre03184 NA
Gene Ontology: Function, Process & Cellular Component ( 6 unique terms )
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence ( 4 terms )
Molecular Function ( 0 terms)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin filament depolymerization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ren et al., 2007) imaginal disc-derived wing hair organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Ren et al., 2007) phagocytosis, engulfment inferred from mutant phenotype (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) sarcomere organization inferred from mutant phenotype (Schnorrer et al., 2010)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions ( 3 terms )
Molecular Function
CV term Evidence References
actin binding inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2000.10.1) inferred from sequence or structural similarity with NCBI_gi:1168395 (Goldstein and Gunawardena, 2000)
Biological Process
CV term Evidence References
actin filament depolymerization inferred from sequence or structural similarity with EMBL:AF020055 (FlyBase, 1992-) actin polymerization or depolymerization inferred from sequence or structural similarity (Swiss-Prot Project Members, 2000.10.1)
Cellular Component ( 0 terms)
Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
	gene   nuclear_gene   protein_coding_gene
Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
protein-protein
Interacting group Assay References
flr - CG10425 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - CG17337 experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - CG8132 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - Crc experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - D1 anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - EndoGI experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - Hsc70Cb experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - Inos experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - Moe experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011) flr - Oat anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - aur anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - ave anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - fbp anti tag coimmunoprecipitation, peptide massfingerprinting (Mintseris et al., 2009.11.23) flr - regucalcin experimental knowledge based (Guruharsha et al., 2011)
Summary of Genetic Interactions
Interacts with	Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions flr allele Gene References unspecified pbl (Gregory et al., 2007)
External Data
Linkouts	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64849 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0260049 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39505 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q9VU68
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (39) - based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
	OrthoDB orthology group searches (Waterhouse et al., 2011, Nucleic Acids Res. 39(Database issue): D283--D288) Drosophila inclusive ortholog search EOG67DB1N Dipteran inclusive ortholog search EOG69S6FJ Insect inclusive ortholog search EOG6MKMBC Arthropod inclusive ortholog search EOG68KPS8 Metazoa inclusive ortholog search EOG61P6D2
Orthologs in Drosophila Species (EOG67DB1N)
Organism Common Name Gene AAA Syntenic Ortholog Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Drosophila melanogaster fruit fly  Dmel\flr     Drosophila simulans   Dsim\GD14448 Y   Drosophila sechellia   Dsec\GM25418 Y   Drosophila erecta   Dere\GG15640 Y   Drosophila yakuba   Dyak\GE21969 Y   Drosophila ananassae   Dana\GF23482 Y   Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura   Dpse\GA10524 Y   Drosophila persimilis   Dper\GL25444 Y   Drosophila willistoni   Dwil\GK17082 Y   Drosophila virilis   Dvir\GJ11768 Y   Drosophila mojavensis   Dmoj\GI11513 Y   Drosophila grimshawi   Dgri\GH16896 Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (EOG69S6FJ)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Aedes aegypti Yellow fever mosquito  Aaeg\AAEL011778   Anopheles gambiae Malaria mosquito  Agam\AGAP002509   Culex quinquefasciatus Southern house mosquito  Cqui\CPIJ013207
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (EOG6MKMBC)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Apis mellifera Western honey bee  Amel\flr   Nasonia vitripennis Parasitic wasp  Nvit\Nasvi2EG005271   Acromyrmex echinatior Panamanian leafcutter ant  Aech\AECH17261   Atta cephalotes Leafcutter ant  Acep\ACEP13072   Camponotus floridanus Florida carpenter ant  Cflo\CFLO19083   Harpegnathos saltator Jerdons jumping ant  Hsal\HSAL18805   Linepithema humile Argentine ant  Lhum\LH22137   Pogonomyrmex barbatus Red harvester ant  Pbar\PB14123   Solenopsis invicta Red fire ant  Sinv\SINV13176   Acyrthosiphon pisum Pea aphid  Apim\ACYPI003057   Bombyx mori Silkmoth  Bmor\BGIBMGA008706   Pediculus humanus Human body louse  Phum\PHUM002530   Tribolium castaneum Red flour beetle  Tcas\TC005722
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (EOG68KPS8)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Daphnia pulex Water flea  Dpux\comC   Ixodes scapularis Deer tick  Isca\ISCW011021
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (EOG61P6D2)
Organism Common Name Gene Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\unc-78   Caenorhabditis elegans Nematode  Cele\aipl-1   Strongylocentrotus purpuratus Purple sea urchin  Spur\SPU_028357gn   Danio rerio Zebrafish  Drer\ENSDARG00000077991   Xenopus tropicalis Western clawed frog  Xtro\wdr1   Gallus gallus Domestic chicken  Ggal\WDR1   Mus musculus House mouse  Mmus\Wdr1   Rattus norvegicus Norway rat  Rnor\Wdr1   Homo sapiens Human  Hsap\WDR1
Human Orthologs (1)
Gene OMIM HGNC Hsap\WDR1
AAA Orthologs (11) based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Organism Gene Drosophila simulans Dsim\GD14448 Drosophila sechellia Dsec\GM25418 Drosophila erecta Dere\GG15640 Drosophila yakuba Dyak\GE21969 Drosophila ananassae Dana\GF23482 Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura Dpse\GA10524 Drosophila persimilis Dper\GL25444 Drosophila willistoni Dwil\GK17082 Drosophila virilis Dvir\GJ11768 Drosophila mojavensis Dmoj\GI11513 Drosophila grimshawi Dgri\GH16896
Stocks & Reagents
Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 22 )
Bloomington	1132 flr1/TM2 2371 flr3/TM3, Ser1 17664 y1 w67c23; P{EPgy2}flrEY10317
Harvard	- PBac{RB}flre03184
Kyoto	101639 flr3 / TM3 101640 flr3 / TM3 101641 flr3 / TM6C 107290 flr3/TM3, Ser1 102071 y1 ; Dp(1;3)scJ4 flr1 / TM1
VDRC	v108442 P{KK100083}VIE-260B v22851 w1118; P{GD12603}v22851 v22850 w1118; P{GD12603}v22850/TM3
	More stocks available...
Genomic Clones ( 1 )
	BACR17E13 Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 88 )
	Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones	LD27045 RE63353
Other clones
cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
BDGP DGC clones	GH21224 GH22305 GM19572 HL03773 HL07476 LD01080 LD04611 LD06122 LD24703 LD26254 LD35622 LD41483 LP09718 RE04429 RE06275 RE06656 RE21320 RE26921 RE32275 RE39593 RE43224 RE43758 RE46777 RE47061 RE47095 RE52089 RE53323 RE54226 RE54766 RE59139 RE60363 RE65564 RE68865 RH04559 RH06843 RH07233 RH07249 RH19018 RH26766 RH28174 RH58275 SD01546 SD06778 SD08437 SD08749 SD13836 SD16378 SD27550 SD27765
Other clones	71147 71279 74344 81084 118614 277191 CK01.1D.B12 Dmel_neb_011383_0829_3563 Dmel_neb_011513_0837_2944 EK091805 EK199137 EK199147 EK203850 EK221906 EK257405 EK304157 ESG012a.E21_D06 IP13215 IP13315 IP13415 IP13515 RE01567 RH08958 RM07456 RM07556 RM07656 RM07757 RM07856 RM07956 RM08056 RM08057 RM08156 RM08157 RP001000213 RP001045652 RP001046878 RP001046975
RNAi & Array Information
Linkouts	DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0260049 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39505
Antibody Information
	polyclonal (Chu et al., 2012)
Other Information
Discoverer
Etymology
Identification
Relationship to Other Genes
Source for database identity of
Source for database merge of	Source for merge of: flr CG10724 (Ren et al., 2007)
Additional comments	Alleles lethal in all pairwise combinations.
Other Comments
	flr is required for F-actin disassembly in pupal epidermal cells. flr is also required for normal wing cell planar polarity. (Ren et al., 2007) S2 cells treated with dsRNA generated against this gene show reduced phagocytosis of Candida albicans compared to untreated cells. (Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006) dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology. (Kiger et al., 2003) The genotoxicity of six insecticides has been analysed using the wing spot test. (Osaba et al., 1999) The wing spot test has been used to assay the antigenotoxicity of a number of compounds. (Graf et al., 1998) SMART is well suited for the determination of genotoxicity produced by in vivo nitrosation processes and for the study of their modulation by individual compounds or dietary complex mixtures. (Guzman Rincon et al., 1998) The genotoxic effect of the essential oils of O.vulgare, C.capitata and S.thymbra is tested using the SMART assay: the oils do not show any mutagenic or recombinagenic activity. (Karpouhtsis et al., 1998) The genotoxic effect DEHP is tested using the SMART assay, results reveal DEHP does not have a genotoxic effect. (Kawai, 1998) The genotoxic effect of 4 inhibitors of DNA topoisomerases has been studied using the wing spot assay. (Torres et al., 1998) Ethanol reduces the mutagenic effect of γ-irradiation in SMART assay, mainly by decreasing the frequency of mitotic recombination. (Zakharenko and Zakharov, 1998) The genotoxic effect of integerrimine (ITR) are analysed using the wing spot test: ITR is genotoxic. (Campesato et al., 1997) Mutants do not exhibit defects in the denticle belt of hairs of the larvae. (Dickinson and Thatcher, 1997) Vicinal chloroalcohols are investigated for genotoxicity in the wing spot test (SMART): tested compounds are non-genotoxic in this in vivo assay. (Frei and Wurgler, 1997) Sodium azide is tested for somatic mutation and mitotic recombination induction in wing imaginal disc cells using the wing spot test. Sodium azide induces exclusively mitotic recombination in wing somatic cells after chronic exposure. This activity is reduced in the presence of high bioactivation capacity. (Gonzalez-Cesar and Ramos-Morales, 1997) The genotoxic effect PhIP is tested using the SMART assay, results reveal PhIP has a DNA-damaging activity. (Kasai et al., 1997) The mutagenic and/or carcinogenic activity of electromagnetic fields is estimated using the wing spot test in larvae, exposure causes a statistically significant enhancement of somatic recombination. Supplement of vitamin E suppresses this enhancement. (Koana et al., 1997) Wing spots in the SMART reveal enzyme-sulfhydryl blocking agents, such as MMTS and DPDS, are effective antimutagens in vivo. (Nakamura et al., 1997) The effect of chlorophyll on the genotoxic activity of 4-nitroquinoline 1-oxide has been studied using the wing spot test. (Negishi et al., 1997) The genotoxic effects of N-nitroso-N-methylurea (MNU) and acetone oxime (ACOX) are tested using the SMART test. The effect of Hsap\GST on the genotoxic effect is studied: flies carrying three or more copies of Hsap\GST are significantly more resistant to the genotoxic effect of ACOX. (Ryskova et al., 1997) SMART is used to test the genotoxic effect of fullerene C-60: only at the highest possible fullerene concentration a slight genotoxic effect was observed in wing cells. (Zakharenko et al., 1997) Only the maximum possible content of fullerene C60 produces a slight genotoxic effect when using the SMART test. (Zakharenko et al., 1997) Assays of a series of compounds in the wing spot test indicates the single mwh spots appear most frequently, followed by less frequent twin spots and then the quite rare flr spots. Some compounds behave in this manner, others do not in that the frequency of single flr spots is equal to or exceeds that of twin spots. (Zimmering et al., 1997) The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay four inhibitors of eukaryotic topoisomerases for genotoxic effects. (Frei and Wurgler, 1996) The spectrum of genotoxic events detected by the wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) and the wi eye spot test is different. The wi eye spot test appears not to detect mitotic recombination the way the wing spot test does. (Graf and Wuergler, 1996) The genetic effects of exposure to a range of concentrations of alpha particles has been studied using the wing-spot test. (Pimentel et al., 1996) Six alkylating agents have been ranked as follows according to their genotoxic potency in the wing spot test: methyl methanesulfonate > mitomycin C > N-dimethylnitrosamine > chlorambucil ~ monocrotaline > N-diethylnitrosamine. (Rodriguez-Arnaiz et al., 1996) The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay for genotoxic effects of griseofulvin. (Tripathy et al., 1996) The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay for genotoxicity of tetracycline hydrochloride. (Tripathy et al., 1996) The genotoxicity of 6 phenazine and aminophenazine derivatives is assayed using the wing spot test in larvae, chemicals exhibit significant mutagenicity. (Watanabe et al., 1996) The relative biological effectiveness of 252Cf neutrons has been determined for two different types of somatic mutations, the wing-spot test (using mwh and flr) and reversion of eye-colour (using w). (Yoshikawa et al., 1996) Three assays (z-w, wi and wing spot) are used to evaluate the genotoxic response of five chemicals classified as genotoxic non-carcinogens, chemicals significantly increase the frequency of mutant clones. (Batiste-Alentorn et al., 1995) The effects of 10 carcinogens on the wing spot test are evaluated. (Batiste-Alentorn et al., 1995) The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to test for any genotoxic effects of tannic acid. (Cunha et al., 1995) The wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) of larvae is used to evaluate the genotoxicity of three polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and three of their nitro derivatives, genotoxic activity can be detected in somatic cells. (Delgado-Rodriguez et al., 1995) In young larvae only a few but very large spots are induced by application of a mutagen in the wing spot test. In older larvae the frequency is considerably increased but the sizes are smaller. Practically no twin spots (result of mitotic recombination) are found in young or in very old larvae. Results demonstrate the optimal age of the larvae for mutagen treatment is 72 hours. (Graf, 1995) Wing spot test is used to evaluate the genotoxic effect of griseofulvin in somatic larval cells, griseofulvin is genotoxic in somatic cells. (Inoue et al., 1995) Genotoxic activity in vivo of the naturally occurring glucoside, cycasin, is assayed in the wing spot test. (Kawai et al., 1995) Mitotic location: 49. (Martin, 1995.12.5) Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), when used as a pretreatment, protects against mutation/recombination induced by γ rays and chromium (VI) oxide in larvae in the wing spot test. (Olvera et al., 1995) The mwh/flr wing spot test has been used to assay the genotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 and aflatoxin M1. (Shibahara et al., 1995) Wing spot test reveals two triazine herbicides, terbutryn and terbuthylazin, are genotoxic in the wing primordia. (Tripathy et al., 1995) Wing spot test reveals the triazine herbicide, simazine, is genotoxic in the wing primordia. (Tripathy et al., 1995) The attached X and mwh/flr spot test system were used to demonstrate that ginseng and Salvia miltiorrhiza have inhibitory effects on the in vivo mutagenicity induced by N-methyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG) during spermatogenesis. (Choi et al., 1994) Arsenic acid has an inhibitory effect on the induction of wing spots by gamma irradiation or alkylating agents in a wing-spot assay. (de la Rosa et al., 1994) The wing spot test has been used to demonstrate that the somatic mutation and recombination test can be used for the genotoxic activity of alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverages. (Graf et al., 1994) The adenine derivatives, (R,S)-9-(2,3-dihydroxypropyl)adenine, D-eritadenine and 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl)adenine, are potent inducers of both single spots and twin spots in a wing-spot assay. (Marec and Gelbic, 1994) Wing spot tests rank the genotoxic effectiveness of a number of metal salts in the following order: CoCl2> ZnCl2> MoCl3> (MnCl2, NiCl2). (Ogawa et al., 1994) Somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) is used to determine the relevance of the in vitro effects induced by benzophenone-3: benzophenone-3 is not genotoxic. (Robison et al., 1994) Chloral hydrate is recombinogenic in the wing spot test. (Zordan et al., 1994) Wing-spot assay is used to evaluate the quantitative relationship between BaP-DNA adduct formation, determined by 32P-postlabelling, and the induction of phenotypically mutant cells. (Zordan et al., 1994) High temperatures cause a small number of mwh spots in the wing-spot assay and cold temperatures yield much greater number of single spots. (Katz and Foley, 1993) The effect of chlorophyllin on the genotoxicity of chromium(VI) oxide in larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr is assayed using the wing spot somatic test. (Olvera et al., 1993) The somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells of three day old larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr is used to study the mutagenic potential of three benzocphenanthridine alkaloids with antileukemic properties as compared with that of two structurally related aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons. (Perez-Chiesa and Rodriguez, 1993) The wing spot test is used to evaluate the genotoxicity of the antitumour indenoisoquinoline analogues of nitidine chloride and fagaronine chloride in larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr, the analogues have a very weak genotoxic effect. (Perez-Chiesa and Narvaez, 1993) Wing spot tests indicate that 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid is genotoxic in the primordial wing cells of Drosophila. (Tripathy et al., 1993) Four antidepressants and one neuroleptic drug are tested for genotoxicity using the somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART) in wing cells of three day old larvae transheterozygous for mwh and flr, the compounds are genotoxic. (van Schaik and Graf, 1993) The genotoxicity of mitoxantrone has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Frei et al., 1992) The genotoxicity of p-dimethylaminoazobenzene has been analysed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Graf et al., 1992) Chromium(VI) oxide is highly genotoxic in the mwh-flr wing spot assay. (Graf et al., 1992) The genotoxicity of chlorpyrifos (Durmet) has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Patnaik and Tripathy, 1992) The genotoxicity of tritiated water has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Ribas et al., 1992) The genotoxicity of furfural has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Rodriguez-Arnaiz et al., 1992) The genotoxicity of four herbicides (alachlor, atrazine, maleic hydrazide and paraquat) has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Torres et al., 1992) The mwh-flr wing spot test has been used to assay the genotoxicity of the insecticide Parryfos (monocrotophos). (Tripathy and Patnaik, 1992) The genotoxicity of irradiated cocoa has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Zimmering et al., 1992) Somatic mutation in hybrid dysgenic flies has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Getz and van Schaik, 1991) The genotoxicity of a series of N-nitrosamines has been assayed using the mwh-flr wing spot test. (Negishi et al., 1991) The mutagenicity of tepezcohuite has been assayed using the wing spot test. (Pimentel et al., 1991) The wing spot test has been used to assay the mutagenic activity of a number of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. (Sato et al., 1991) Genotoxicity of acrolein is investigated using SMART, SCLT (sex chromosome loss test) and SLRLT (sex linked recessive lethal test). Acrolein is mutagenic in SLRLT when injected but not fed, SCLT does not reveal a clastogenic effect with acrolein and acrolein has a genotoxic effect in SMART. (Sierra et al., 1991) The mutagenic and recombinogenic activity of 3-beta-hydroxy-13-alpha-amino-13,17-seco-5-alpha-androstan-17-oic-13,17-lactam-p-bis-(2-chloroethyl) aminophenoxyacetate (NSC 294859) has been assayed using a wing somatic mutation and recombination test (SMART). (Stephanou et al., 1991) Acrylamide is both mutagenic and recombinogenic in wing disc cells and induces sex-linked recessive lethals. (Tripathy et al., 1991) Wing spot test (SMART) and sex-linked recessive lethal test (SLRLT) are used to test the mutagenicity of sumithion, a broad spectrum insecticide - compound is mutagenic in wing primordial cells and induces recombination at high doses. (Tripathy and Patnaik, 1991) SMART in wing cells is used to test genotoxicity of 5 tricyclic antidepressants, results implicate the nitrogen atom at position 5 in the 7-membered ring of the tricyclic molecule as being responsible for the genotoxic property of the compounds. (van Schaik and Graf, 1991) Genotoxicity of a chelating agent, nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), is investigated using SMART. NTA is active in inducing mitotic recombination and possible aneuploidy in somatic cells. (Zordan et al., 1991) The effects of chemicals classified as non-carcinogens or unclassified, but known to have given one or more positive results, are tested using SMART. Also the sensitivity of SMART compared to SLRLT is tested. (Eiche et al., 1990) Genotoxicity of ethyl carbamate is tested using SMART: ethyl carbamate induces, in a dose-dependent manner, single as well as twin spots, indicating a recombinogenic activity. (Frolich and Wurgler, 1990) The effects of repair deficiency are studied by comparing the frequency of somatic mutation and mitotic recombination in repair proficient female progeny with that in excision repair defective male progeny. Nine chemical mutagens with various modes of action are tested in this way. (Graf et al., 1990) The genetic toxicity of six carcinogens and six non-carcinogens are tested using SMART: carcinogens are highly toxic and the non-carcinogens are non-genotoxic. (Tripathy et al., 1990) The genotoxic activity of a photochemical reaction mixture of 1,3-butadiene and nitrogen dioxide has been assayed using the wing spot test. (Victorin et al., 1990) SMART is used to assay the effects of NTA and EDTA in germ and somatic cell lines. (Zordan et al., 1990) Mutant alleles are useful as markers in clonal analysis. (Lawrence et al., 1986)
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
	RefSeq (Transcripts) • NM_140385 NM_168543 RefSeq (Proteins) • NP_648642 NP_729891 DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank • AA941688 AAF49822 AAL28888 AAN11835 AW942868 AY061340 CL526211 CZ480951 CZ480952 Entrez Gene - A searchable database of RefSeq genes. • 39505 UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot • Q9VU68
Other Crossreferences
	InterPro domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites • WD40-repeat-containing domain (IPR017986) WD40 repeat (IPR001680) WD40/YVTN repeat-like-containing domain (IPR015943) BDGP expression data - Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis • LD27045 RE63353
Linkouts
	BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions • 64849 DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions. • FBgn0260049 DRSC - Results from RNAi screens. • FBgn0260049 FLIGHT - Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies • FBgn0260049 FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array • CG10724-RA FlyMine - Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans • FBgn0260049 GenomeRNAi - GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents • 39505 InterologFinder Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets. • 39505 modMine - Data generated by the modENCODE project. • FBgn0260049 SignaLink - A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores. • Q9VU68
Synonyms & Secondary IDs ( 9 )
Reported As
Symbol Synonym	AIP1 (Chu et al., 2012) Aip1 (Rogers et al., 2003, Bakal et al., 2007, D'Ambrosio and Vale, 2010) aip1 (Ribaya et al., 2009) CG10724 (Ren et al., 2007, Gregory et al., 2007, Rogers et al., 2003, Stroschein-Stevenson et al., 2006, Buszczak et al., 2007, Bakal et al., 2007, Ayroles et al., 2009, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Cammarato et al., 2011, Ni et al., 2010.12.1, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21) flr (Chu et al., 2012, Ren et al., 2007, Castro et al., 2008, Pham et al., 2008, Mendanha et al., 2010, Koana et al., 2001, Romero-Jimenez et al., 2005, Taira et al., 2005, do Amaral et al., 2005, Heres-Pulido et al., 2008, Cruces et al., 2009, Zakharenko and Perepelkina, 2009, Danesi et al., 2010, Carmona et al., 2011, Thomé et al., 2012)
Name Synonym	actin interacting protein 1 (Ribaya et al., 2009) actin-interacting protein 1 (D'Ambrosio and Vale, 2010) CG10724   flare (Ren et al., 2007, Pham et al., 2008, Castro et al., 2008, Schnorrer et al., 2010, Mendanha et al., 2010, Romero-Jimenez et al., 2005, do Amaral et al., 2005, Heres-Pulido et al., 2008, Cruces et al., 2009, Zakharenko and Perepelkina, 2009, Carmona et al., 2011) flare hair (Taira et al., 2005)
Secondary FlyBase IDs
	FBgn0000676 FBgn0036357
References ( 185 )
Generate a list of	All references relating to this gene ( 185 )
List References by type	Research paper  ( 123 ) Supplementary material  ( 11 ) Review  ( 5 ) Personal communication to FlyBase  ( 8 ) Abstract  ( 27 ) FlyBase analysis  ( 2 ) Stock list  ( 2 ) Protein sequence record  ( 1 ) Website  ( 1 ) Conference report  ( 2 ) Book  ( 1 ) Curated genome annotation  ( 2 )
Recent research papers ( 3 )
	Chu et al., 2012, Development 139(19): 3561--3571 AIP1 acts with cofilin to control actin dynamics during epithelial morphogenesis. [FBrf0219390] Thomé et al., 2012, Mutat. Res. 742(1-2): 43--47 Recombinagenic and mutagenic activities of fluoroquinolones in Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0217284] Carmona et al., 2011, Mutat. Res. 718(1-2): 33--37 Genotoxic effects of two nickel-compounds in somatic cells of Drosophila melanogaster. [FBrf0212614] Show all research papers ...
Recent reviews (0)
	All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011 Show reviews ...