General Information Symbol Dmel\ gwlSpecies D. melanogaster Name greatwall Annotation symbol CG7719 Feature type protein_coding_gene FlyBase ID FBgn0260399 Gene Model Status Current Stock availability 6 publicly
available Also Known As Pk91C, CG7719-related Genomic Location Chromosome (arm) 3R Recombination map Cytogenetic map 91C5-91C6 Sequence location 3R:14,572,092..14,576,082 [+]
Genomic Maps
Summary Information Automatically generated summary
See sections below for more information The gene
greatwall is referred to in FlyBase by the symbol
Dmel\gwl (CG7719, FBgn0260399). It is a protein_coding_gene from
Drosophila melanogaster . There is experimental evidence that it has the
molecular function : protein serine/threonine kinase activity. There is experimental evidence that it is involved in the
biological process : female meiosis; regulation of meiosis; female meiosis I; regulation of mitotic centrosome separation; regulation of mitotic cell cycle; mitosis; regulation of mitosis; chromosome condensation.
29 alleles are reported . The
phenotypes of these alleles are annotated with: organ system; organ system subdivision; multicellular structure; organelle; intracellular non-membrane-bounded organelle; intracellular organelle part; sense organ; anatomical structure; centrosome; cell cycle; external compound sense organ. It has
2 annotated transcripts and
2 annotated polypeptides .
Protein features are: AGC-kinase, C-terminal; Protein kinase, catalytic domain; Protein kinase-like domain; Serine/threonine- / dual specificity protein kinase, catalytic domain; Serine/threonine-protein kinase, active site. Summary of modENCODE Temporal Expression Profile: Temporal profile ranges from a peak of very high expression to a trough of very low expression. Peak expression observed within 00-06 hour embryonic stages. Summary of FlyAtlas Anatomical Expression Data: Expression at high levels in the following post-embryonic organs or tissues: adult ovary. Comments on Affy2 ProbeSet: ProbeSet 1631785_at completely aligns to an exonic region of the only FlyBase-annotated transcript isoform of gwl. Gene sequence location is
3R:14572092..14576082 .
User Contributed Data External Summaries
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It currently only tracks new links between this FlyBase report and other
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FB2013_03
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Detailed Mapping Data
FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
91C-91C
(determined by in situ hybridisation)
Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
Location Left of (cM) Right of (cM) Notes Gene Model & Products Comments on Gene
Model Low-frequency junction(s) not annotated.
Gene model reviewed during 5.44
Transcript Data Annotated Transcripts Additional Transcript Data
& Comments Reported size (kB) Comments External Data Crossreferences
Polypeptide Data Annotated
Polypeptides Additional Polypeptide
Data & Comments Reported size (kDa) Comments External Data Linkouts Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
DDBJ / EMBL / GenBank UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot UniProtKB/TrEMBL Mapped Features Mapped Features have been reorganized, please
see this article for details. Additional mapped features and mutations can
be found on GBrowse or related reports. External Data Linkouts Crossreferences Expression Data Transcript ExpressionComment: maternally deposited
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for Subcellular Localization CV Term Polypeptide Expression
Additional Descriptive Data
Marker for Subcellular Localization (GO Cellular Component) Expression Deduced from Reporters
High-Throughput Expression Data
Associated Tools
Reference
FlyAtlas Anatomy Microarray
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
(605.5)
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Linear, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
Very high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
log, scaled to High level expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
log, scaled to Very high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
65.375
Larval Midgut
3.3
Larval Hindgut
3.2
Larval Malpighian Tubules
5.1
Larval Fat Body
24.5
Larval Salivary Gland
10.9
Larval Trachea
15.4
Larval Carcass
9.1
Adult Head
2.5
Adult Eye
4
Adult Brain
0.9
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
Adult Crop
5.2
Adult Midgut
3.2
Adult Hindgut
2.2
Adult Malpighian Tubules
6.9
Adult Fat Body
5.6
Adult Salivary Gland
7.7
Adult Heart
0.475
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
Adult Ovary
605.5
Adult Testis
95.2
Adult Male Accessory Gland
4
Adult Carcass
14.4
Expression Level Scale
None
Low
Moderate
High
Very high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
Larval Central Nervous System
Larval Midgut
Larval Hindgut
Larval Malpighian Tubules
Larval Fat Body
Larval Salivary Gland
Larval Trachea
Larval Carcass
Adult Head
Adult Eye
Adult Brain
Adult Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
Adult Crop
Adult Midgut
Adult Hindgut
Adult Malpighian Tubules
Adult Fat Body
Adult Salivary Gland
Adult Heart
Adult VirginFemale Spermatheca
Adult InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
Adult Ovary
Adult Testis
Adult Male Accessory Gland
Adult Carcass
FlyAtlas Organ/Tissue Expression, larval vs. adult
Larval Expression Level
Tissue
Adult Expression Level
NA
Head
2.5
NA
Eye
4
NA
Brain
0.9
65.375
Central Nervous System
NA
NA
Thoracic-Abdominal Ganglion
2.4
NA
Crop
5.2
3.3
Midgut
3.2
3.2
Hindgut
2.2
5.1
Malpighian Tubules
6.9
no informative data
Fat Body
5.6
no informative data
Salivary Gland
7.7
NA
Heart
0.475
15.4
Trachea
NA
NA
VirginFemale Spermatheca
8.1
NA
InseminatedFemale Spermatheca
5.1
NA
Ovary
605.5
NA
Testis
95.2
NA
Male Accessory Gland
4
9.1
Carcass
no informative data
modENCODE Anatomy RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
147
ovary, mated 4-day female
118
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(147)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(118)
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(147)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(118)
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
147
ovary, mated 4-day female
118
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
147
ovary, mated 4-day female
118
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(147)
ovary, mated 4-day female
(118)
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
(147)
ovary, mated 4-day female
118
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
15
central nervous system, larvae L3
5
central nervous system, pupae P8
0
head, virgin 1-day female
0
head, virgin 4-day female
0
head, virgin 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day female
1
head, mated 4-day female
0
head, mated 20-day female
0
head, mated 1-day male
0
head, mated 4-day male
0
head, mated 20-day male
1
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
0
salivary gland, white prepupae
1
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
1
digestive system, 1-day adult
1
digestive system, 4-day adult
4
digestive system, 20-day adult
3
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
0
fat body, white prepupae
2
fat body, pupae P8
0
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
5
carcass, 1-day adult
2
carcass, 4-day adult
6
carcass, 20-day adult
4
ovary, virgin 4-day female
147
ovary, mated 4-day female
118
testis, mated 4-day male
14
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Tissue
Expression Level
imaginal disc, larvae L3 wandering
central nervous system, larvae L3
central nervous system, pupae P8
head, virgin 1-day female
head, virgin 4-day female
head, virgin 20-day female
head, mated 1-day female
head, mated 4-day female
head, mated 20-day female
head, mated 1-day male
head, mated 4-day male
head, mated 20-day male
salivary gland, larvae L3 wandering
salivary gland, white prepupae
digestive system, larvae L3 wandering
digestive system, 1-day adult
digestive system, 4-day adult
digestive system, 20-day adult
fat body, larvae L3 wandering
fat body, white prepupae
fat body, pupae P8
carcass, larvae L3 wandering
carcass, 1-day adult
carcass, 4-day adult
carcass, 20-day adult
ovary, virgin 4-day female
ovary, mated 4-day female
testis, mated 4-day male
accessory gland, mated 4-day male
modENCODE Development RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
155
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(155)
embryo 02-04hr
(67)
embryo 04-06hr
(56)
embryo 06-08hr
(41)
embryo 08-10hr
(52)
embryo 10-12hr
(28)
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
(30)
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
(36)
embryo 22-24hr
(38)
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
(51)
adult female 05day
(102)
adult female 30day
(103)
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(155)
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
155
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
155
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(155)
embryo 02-04hr
(67)
embryo 04-06hr
(56)
embryo 06-08hr
(41)
embryo 08-10hr
(52)
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
(36)
embryo 22-24hr
(38)
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
(51)
adult female 05day
(102)
adult female 30day
(103)
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
(155)
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
155
embryo 02-04hr
67
embryo 04-06hr
56
embryo 06-08hr
41
embryo 08-10hr
52
embryo 10-12hr
28
embryo 12-14hr
23
embryo 14-16hr
30
embryo 16-18hr
26
embryo 18-20hr
10
embryo 20-22hr
36
embryo 22-24hr
38
larva L1
1
larva L2
1
larva L3 12hr old
1
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
3
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
4
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
6
white prepupae new
7
white prepupae 12hr
9
white prepupae 24hr
8
pupae 2d postWPP
5
pupae 3d postWPP
2
pupae 4d postWPP
3
adult male 01day
3
adult male 05day
5
adult male 30day
4
adult female 01day
51
adult female 05day
102
adult female 30day
103
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Developmental Stage
Expression Level
embryo 00-02hr
embryo 02-04hr
embryo 04-06hr
embryo 06-08hr
embryo 08-10hr
embryo 10-12hr
embryo 12-14hr
embryo 14-16hr
embryo 16-18hr
embryo 18-20hr
embryo 20-22hr
embryo 22-24hr
larva L1
larva L2
larva L3 12hr old
larva L3 puffstage 1-2
larva L3 puffstage 3-6
larva L3 puffstage 7-9
white prepupae new
white prepupae 12hr
white prepupae 24hr
pupae 2d postWPP
pupae 3d postWPP
pupae 4d postWPP
adult male 01day
adult male 05day
adult male 30day
adult female 01day
adult female 05day
adult female 30day
modENCODE Cell Lines RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
19
Schneider line 2 Sg4
11
embryonic 1182-4H
18
embryonic GM2
9
embryonic Kc167
11
embryonic S1
10
embryonic S3
12
leg disc CME L1
9
wing disc CME-W2
11
wing disc ML-DmD8
12
wing disc ML-DmD9
9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
9
wing disc ML-DmD21
8
wing disc ML-DmD32
9
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
5
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
10
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
9
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
8
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
3
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
7
tumorous blood cells mbn2
12
ovary fGS/OSS
9
ovary OSC
9
ovary OSS
5
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Cell Line
Expression Level
Schneider line 2 S2R+
Schneider line 2 Sg4
embryonic 1182-4H
embryonic GM2
embryonic Kc167
embryonic S1
embryonic S3
leg disc CME L1
wing disc CME-W2
wing disc ML-DmD8
wing disc ML-DmD9
wing disc ML-DmD16-c3
wing disc ML-DmD21
wing disc ML-DmD32
haltere disc ML-DmD17-c3
eye-antennal disc ML-DmD11
antennal disc ML-DmD20-c5
mixed discs ML-DmD4-c1
CNS ML-DmBG1-c1
CNS ML-DmBG2-c2
tumorous blood cells mbn2
ovary fGS/OSS
ovary OSC
ovary OSS
modENCODE Treatments RNA-Seq
Linear, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
(31)
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(76)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(32)
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
(93)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(69)
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(55)
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(51)
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
Linear, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Linear, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Extremely high
log, scaled to maximum expression level
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Moderate expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(76)
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
(93)
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(69)
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(55)
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
(51)
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
log, scaled to High expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
log, scaled to Extremely high expression
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
15
cold shock, 4-day adult
11
heat shock, 4-day adult
31
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
1
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
2
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
24
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
76
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
0
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
32
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
15
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
93
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
1
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
2
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
69
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
19
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
55
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
51
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
1
Expression Level Scale
Very low
Low
Moderate
Moderately high
High
Very high
Extremely high
Heatmap
Treatment
Expression Level
extended cold, 4-day adult
cold shock, 4-day adult
heat shock, 4-day adult
Cadmium 50 mM 6 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Cadmium 50 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Cadmium 100 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Copper 0.5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Copper 15 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Zinc 5 mM 12 hrs, larvae L3
Zinc 4.5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Ethanol 2.5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 5% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Ethanol 10% 3 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 1.5 mg/ml 4 hrs, larvae L3
Caffeine 2.5 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Caffeine 25 mg/ml 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 5 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Paraquat 10 mM 48 hrs, 4-day adult
Rotenone 2 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Rotenone 8 μg 12 hrs, larvae L3
Expression Clusters
A cluster of genes with similar mRNA expression dynamics across development.
External Data & Images
Linkouts
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
Alleles & Phenotypes Summary of Allele Phenotypes neuroblast & mitotic cell cycle
Classical Alleles ( 18 ) For All Classical Alleles Show Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs
( 11 ) For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic
Constructs Show Aneuploid Aberrations Disrupted in Transgenic Constructs & Insertions
Transgenic Constructs Insertions insertion of mobile activating element
insertion of enhancer trap binary system
Gene Ontology: Function, Process
& Cellular Component ( 12 unique terms ) Terms Based on
Experimental Evidence ( 9 terms ) Molecular Function inferred from direct assay
Biological Process inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
inferred from mutant phenotype
Cellular Component ( 0 terms) Terms Based on Predictions or
Assertions ( 4 terms ) Molecular Function non-traceable author statement
inferred from sequence or structural similarity
Biological Process inferred from sequence or structural similarity
non-traceable author statement
Cellular Component ( 0 terms) Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene Interactions & Pathways
Summary of Physical Interactions
Summary of Genetic Interactions Interacts with Please look at the allele data
for full details of the genetic interactions
External Data Linkouts
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
- A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
Orthologs
OrthoDB Orthologs (38)
- based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 5.41
OrthoDB Ortholog Groups
OrthoDB orthology group searches
Drosophila inclusive ortholog search
Dipteran inclusive ortholog search
Insect inclusive ortholog search
Arthropod inclusive ortholog search
Metazoa inclusive ortholog search
Orthologs in Drosophila Species
(EOG6V9V94 )
Drosophila melanogaster
fruit fly
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Y
Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans
(EOG6Q58XH )
Aedes aegypti
Yellow fever mosquito
Anopheles gambiae
Malaria mosquito
Culex quinquefasciatus
Southern house mosquito
Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects
(EOG6VX116 )
Apis mellifera
Western honey bee
Amel\LOC411080
Nasonia vitripennis
Parasitic wasp
Nvit\Nasvi2EG003049
Acromyrmex echinatior
Panamanian leafcutter ant
Aech\AECH10904
Atta cephalotes
Leafcutter ant
Acep\ACEP20147
Camponotus floridanus
Florida carpenter ant
Cflo\CFLO22459
Harpegnathos saltator
Jerdons jumping ant
Hsal\HSAL19575
Linepithema humile
Argentine ant
Lhum\LH18597
Pogonomyrmex barbatus
Red harvester ant
Pbar\PB14888
Solenopsis invicta
Red fire ant
Sinv\SINV20217
Acyrthosiphon pisum
Pea aphid
Pediculus humanus
Human body louse
Tribolium castaneum
Red flour beetle
Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods
(EOG61NS22 )
Ixodes scapularis
Deer tick
Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa
(EOG62NWS3 )
Strongylocentrotus purpuratus
Purple sea urchin
Xenopus tropicalis
Western clawed frog
Gallus gallus
Domestic chicken
Rattus norvegicus
Norway rat
Human Orthologs (1)AAA Orthologs (10)
based on analysis using Dmel annotation version 4.3
Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
Stocks & Reagents Stocks Listed in FlyBase ( 6 )Bloomington Harvard VDRC Genomic Clones ( 2 )Please Note FlyBase no
longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list
may not be complete
cDNA Clones ( 40 )Please Note This section lists
cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent
of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs
of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes.
Please see
GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs
to the gene model.
cDNA Clones, Fully Sequenced
BDGP DGC clones Other clones cDNA Clones, End Sequenced
(ESTs) BDGP DGC clones Other clones RNAi & Array Information Linkouts
- Results from RNAi screens.
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
Antibody Information
Other Information Discoverer Etymology The gene is named "greatwall" because the mutant phenotype suggests a role in protecting chromosome structure.
Identification Relationship to Other Genes Source for database identity of Source for identity of: gwl Pk91C
Source for database merge of Source for merge of: gwl scant
Source for merge of: Pk91C CG7719
Additional comments Other Comments gwl enhances mitotic defects resulting from a decrease in
polo function.
gwl is required for sister chromatid cohesion in female meiosis I.
gwl has multiple roles in progression through mitosis and meiosis.
When dsRNA constructs are made and transiently transfected into S2 cells in RNAi experiments, an increase in the proportion of G2/M phase cells, an increase in mitotic index, a decrease in the ratio of cells in prometaphase and metaphase versus the total number of mitotic cells, a whole range of mitotic abnormalities, spindle abnormalities, chromosome abnormalities, chromosome segregation defects are seen.
dsRNA made from templates generated with primers directed against this gene tested in RNAi screen for effects on Kc167 and S2R+ cell morphology.
Mutants exhibit a high mitotic index and metaphase arrest.
Five genes essential for cell cycle progression,
polo ,
mgr ,
asp ,
stg and
gnu , are recombined onto a single chromosome, EMS mutations are isolated that fail to complement this chromosome. Genes encoding proteins that interact with the products of any of the five genes are isolated.
Embryos from mothers transheterozygous for mutations in
polo and
scant show bipolar spindles that have a centrosome only at one pole.
Isolated from a genomic library using a
Pka-C1 probe.
gwl may encode a protein kinase.
Gene in
D.melanogaster encoding product related (by sequence comparison) to the serine-threonine protein kinases of mammals. Isolated from Drosophila clones obtained with mammalian probes.
External Crossreferences & Linkouts
Sequence Crossreferences
- A searchable database of RefSeq genes.
Other Crossreferences
domains - A database of protein families, domains, and functional sites
- Patterns of gene expression in Drosophila embryogenesis
Linkouts
- A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
- Results from RNAi screens.
- Cell culture data for RNAi and other high-throughput technologies
- Integrated genomics database for Drosophila, Anopheles, and C.elegans
- GenomeRNAi – A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
- A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
Protein-protein interactions (PPI) from both known and predicted PPI data sets.
- Data generated by the modENCODE project.
- A protein-protein and protein-miRNA interaction database with multi-layered structure and multiple confidence scores.
Synonyms & Secondary IDs
( 13 )Reported As Symbol Synonym gwl
(
Archambault et al., 2007 ,
Lecuyer et al., 2007 ,
Somma et al., 2008 ,
Kim et al., 2012 ,
Mattila et al., 2008 ,
Wang et al., 2011 ,
Guenin et al., 2010 ,
Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21 ,
Soshnev et al., 2012 )
Name Synonym Secondary FlyBase
IDs FBgn0004461 FBgn0015538 FBgn0038650 FBgn0082209 References ( 49 )Generate a list of List References by type
Recent research papers ( 4 )
Kim et al., 2012, Genetics 191(4): 1181--1197Bypassing the Greatwall-Endosulfine Pathway: Plasticity of a Pivotal Cell-Cycle Regulatory Module in Drosophila melanogaster and Caenorhabditis elegans. [FBrf0219186] Soshnev et al., 2012, Nucleic Acids Res. 40(12): 5415--5431Genome-wide studies of the multi-zinc finger Drosophila Suppressor of Hairy-wing protein in the ovary. [FBrf0218724] Rangone et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002225Suppression of Scant Identifies Endos as a Substrate of Greatwall Kinase and a Negative Regulator of Protein Phosphatase 2A in Mitosis. [FBrf0214749] Wang et al., 2011, PLoS Genet. 7(8): e1002227PP2A-Twins Is Antagonized by Greatwall and Collaborates with Polo for Cell Cycle Progression and Centrosome Attachment to Nuclei in Drosophila Embryos. [FBrf0214683]
Recent reviews (0)
All reviews listed in FlyBase were published before 2011