FB2021_05, released October 15, 2021

Gene: Dmel\spdo

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General Information
Symbol
Dmel\spdo
Species
D. melanogaster
Name
sanpodo
Annotation Symbol
CG31020
Feature Type
protein_coding_gene
FlyBase ID
FBgn0260440
Gene Model Status
Current
Stock Availability
7 publicly available
Gene Summary
sanpodo (spdo) encodes a four-pass transmembrane domain containing protein that interacts with both the product of numb and the Notch signaling pathway to enable precursor cells to divide asymmetrically to produce daughter cells of distinct fates. Its roles include cell fate specification in the nervous system, mesoderm, and endoderm. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14] (FlyBase Gene Snapshot)
All Summaries
Key Links
Genomic Location
Cytogenetic map
99F6-99F6
Sequence location
Recombination map
3-100
RefSeq locus
NT_033777 REGION:30476684..30478849
Sequence
Get Decorated FASTA
Genomic Maps
Other Genome Views
The following external sites may use different assemblies or annotations than FlyBase.
NCBI
UCSC
Ensembl
PopFly
Function
GO Summary Ribbons
Gene Ontology (GO) Annotations (15 terms)
Molecular Function (2 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (2 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
enables Notch binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:N; FB:FBgn0004647
(Upadhyay et al., 2013, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
enables protein binding
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:numb; FB:FBgn0002973
(O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:Psn; FB:FBgn0284421
(Upadhyay et al., 2013)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Biological Process (7 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in asymmetric cell division
inferred from direct assay
(Babaoglan et al., 2009)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
involved_in heart morphogenesis
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Albrecht et al., 2006)
involved_in negative regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Upadhyay et al., 2013, Babaoglan et al., 2009)
involved_in positive regulation of Notch signaling pathway
inferred from genetic interaction with FLYBASE:N; FB:FBgn0004647
(O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
inferred from physical interaction with FLYBASE:N; FB:FBgn0004647
(O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Upadhyay et al., 2013, Tong et al., 2010, Babaoglan et al., 2009)
involved_in sensory organ development
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Roegiers et al., 2005)
involved_in sensory organ precursor cell division
inferred from mutant phenotype
(Babaoglan et al., 2009, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (1 term)
CV Term
Evidence
References
involved_in peripheral nervous system development
traceable author statement
(Salzberg et al., 1994)
Cellular Component (6 terms)
Terms Based on Experimental Evidence (6 terms)
CV Term
Evidence
References
located_in cortical cytoskeleton
inferred from direct assay
(Roegiers et al., 2005)
colocalizes_with cytoplasmic vesicle
inferred from direct assay
(Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005)
located_in cytosol
inferred from direct assay
(O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
located_in early endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005)
located_in late endosome
inferred from direct assay
(Couturier et al., 2014, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005)
colocalizes_with plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005)
located_in plasma membrane
inferred from direct assay
(Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005, Roegiers et al., 2005, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
Terms Based on Predictions or Assertions (0 terms)
Gene Group (FlyBase)
Pathway (FlyBase)
Protein Family (UniProt)
-
Protein Signatures (InterPro)
    -
    Summaries
    Gene Snapshot
    sanpodo (spdo) encodes a four-pass transmembrane domain containing protein that interacts with both the product of numb and the Notch signaling pathway to enable precursor cells to divide asymmetrically to produce daughter cells of distinct fates. Its roles include cell fate specification in the nervous system, mesoderm, and endoderm. [Date last reviewed: 2019-03-14]
    Pathway (FlyBase)
    Positive Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
    The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Positive regulators of the pathway enhance the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
    Negative Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
    The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
    Summary (Interactive Fly)

    encodes a four-pass transmembrane protein that localizes to the cell membrane - specifies Notch-dependent fate - Notch and Numb physically associate with Sanpodo - enables precursor cells to divide asymmetrically to produce daughter cells of distinct fates - involved in cell fate specification in the nervous system, mesoderm, and endoderm

    Gene Model and Products
    Number of Transcripts
    1
    Number of Unique Polypeptides
    1

    Please see the JBrowse view of Dmel\spdo for information on other features

    To submit a correction to a gene model please use the Contact FlyBase form

    Protein Domains (via Pfam)
    Isoform displayed:
    Pfam protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Protein Domains (via SMART)
    Isoform displayed:
    SMART protein domains
    InterPro name
    classification
    start
    end
    Comments on Gene Model

    Gene model reviewed during 5.44

    Sequence Ontology: Class of Gene
    nuclear_gene
    protein_coding_gene
    Transcript Data
    Annotated Transcripts
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    RefSeq ID
    Length (nt)
    Assoc. CDS (aa)
    spdo-RA
    FBtr0085651
    NM_170493
    2087
    565
    Additional Transcript Data and Comments
    Reported size (kB)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Polypeptide Data
    Annotated Polypeptides
    Name
    FlyBase ID
    Predicted MW (kDa)
    Length (aa)
    Theoretical pI
    RefSeq ID
    GenBank
    spdo-PA
    FBpp0085013
    63.8
    565
    8.71
    NP_733372
    AAN14235
    Polypeptides with Identical Sequences

    There is only one protein coding transcript and one polypeptide associated with this gene

    Additional Polypeptide Data and Comments
    Reported size (kDa)
    Comments
    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Linkouts
    Sequences Consistent with the Gene Model
    Mapped Features

    Click to get a list of regulatory features (enhancers, TFBS, etc.) and gene disruptions (point mutations, indels, etc.) within or overlapping Dmel\spdo using the Feature Mapper tool.

    External Data
    Crossreferences
    Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
    Linkouts
    Expression Data
    Expression Summary Ribbons
    Colored tiles in ribbon indicate that expression data has been curated by FlyBase for that anatomical location. Colorless tiles indicate that there is no curated data for that location.
    For complete stage-specific expression data, view the modENCODE Development RNA-Seq section under High-Throughput Expression below.
    Transcript Expression
    Polypeptide Expression
    immunolocalization
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    embryonic stage 10 -- 13
    embryonic neuroblast
    (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
    embryonic ganglion mother cell
    (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
    embryonic stage 11
    MP1 neuron

    Comment: transient expression

    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    MP3 precursor

    Comment: transient expression

    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    VUM precursor

    Comment: transient expression

    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    neuroblast MNB
    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    embryonic stage 13
    neuroblast MNB
    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    median neuroblast MNB interneuron
    (Wheeler et al., 2006)
    mass spectroscopy
    Stage
    Tissue/Position (including subcellular localization)
    Reference
    day 5 of adulthood & male -- day 7 of adulthood & male
    spermatozoon
    (Wasbrough et al., 2010)
    Additional Descriptive Data

    Expression assayed at stages 9, 11, 13, and 17. Expression may be continuous between assayed stages in some tissues.

    (Wheeler et al., 2006)

    spdo protein is expressed in all embryonic cells known to undergo asymmetric divisions.

    (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
    Marker for
     
    Subcellular Localization
    CV Term
    Evidence
    References
    located_in cortical cytoskeleton
    inferred from direct assay
    (Roegiers et al., 2005)
    colocalizes_with cytoplasmic vesicle
    inferred from direct assay
    (Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005)
    located_in cytosol
    inferred from direct assay
    (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
    located_in early endosome
    inferred from direct assay
    (Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005)
    located_in late endosome
    inferred from direct assay
    (Couturier et al., 2014, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005)
    colocalizes_with plasma membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005)
    located_in plasma membrane
    inferred from direct assay
    (Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005, Roegiers et al., 2005, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
    Expression Deduced from Reporters
    High-Throughput Expression Data
    Associated Tools

    GBrowse - Visual display of RNA-Seq signals

    View Dmel\spdo in GBrowse 2
    RNA-Seq by Region - Search RNA-Seq expression levels by exon or genomic region
    Bulk Downloads
    RNA-Seq RPKM values for all genes
    Reference
    See Gelbart and Emmert, 2013 for analysis details and data files for all genes.
    Developmental Proteome: Life Cycle
    Developmental Proteome: Embryogenesis
    External Data and Images
    Linkouts
    DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
    EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
    FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
    FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
    Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
    Images
    FlyBase Wiki
    Image Based Resources
    Alleles, Insertions, Transgenic Constructs, and Aberrations
    Classical and Insertion Alleles ( 17 )
    For All Classical and Insertion Alleles Show
     
    Other relevant insertions
    Transgenic Constructs ( 29 )
    For All Alleles Carried on Transgenic Constructs Show
    Transgenic constructs containing/affecting coding region of spdo
    Transgenic constructs containing regulatory region of spdo
    Aberrations (Deficiencies and Duplications) ( 5 )
    Alleles Representing Disease-Implicated Variants
    Phenotypes
    For more details about a specific phenotype click on the relevant allele symbol.
    Lethality
    Allele
    lethal (with spdo3R6)
    lethal (with spdoC55)
    lethal | recessive
    lethal - all die during embryonic stage
    lethal - all die during embryonic stage | recessive
    viable, with Dcr-2UAS.cDa, Scer\GAL4elav.PLu
    viable, with Scer\GAL4Mef2.PR
    viable, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    Other Phenotypes
    Allele
    abnormal neuroanatomy
    abnormal neuroanatomy | embryonic stage
    abnormal neuroanatomy | recessive | somatic clone
    abnormal neuroanatomy | somatic clone
    abnormal size
    decreased cell number | somatic clone
    increased cell number | somatic clone
    some die during embryonic stage
    some die during embryonic stage | recessive
    visible, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    visible | somatic clone
    Phenotype manifest in
    Allele
    abdominal 1 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 1 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 1 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 1 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 2 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 2 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 2 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 2 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 3 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 3 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 3 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 3 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 4 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 4 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 4 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 4 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 5 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 5 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 5 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 5 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 6 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 6 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 6 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 6 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal 7 basiconical sensillum dbd & embryonic glial cell
    abdominal 7 dorsal acute muscle 3
    abdominal 7 dorsal bipolar neuron dbp
    abdominal 7 dorsal oblique muscle 5
    abdominal dorsal bipolar neuron dbp | ectopic
    abdominal dorsal bipolar neuron dbp | embryonic stage | increased number
    abdominal dorsal bipolar neuron dbp | embryonic stage | precursor
    aCC neuron
    adult ALl1 lineage neuron | somatic clone
    adult antennal mechanosensory and motor center projection neuron | somatic clone
    adult uniglomerular antennal lobe projection neuron lPN | somatic clone | increased number
    apterous-expressing neuron of the lateral cluster of the thorax
    cardioblast
    chaeta | somatic clone
    CNS glial cell
    dMP2 neuron
    dMP2 neuron | ectopic
    embryonic/larval pericardial cell
    embryonic heart cardioblast
    embryonic heart cardioblast | embryonic stage 16 | increased number, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
    embryonic pericardial cell
    embryonic pericardial cell | embryonic stage 16 | increased number, with Scer\GAL4twi.PG
    embryonic peripheral nervous system & glial cell
    eo neuron | somatic clone
    EW1 neuron | ectopic
    external sensory organ
    external sensory organ precursor cell | ectopic | third instar larval stage, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
    external sensory organ precursor cell IIb
    external sensory organ precursor cell IIb | somatic clone | increased number
    external sensory organ precursor cell IIIb | somatic clone
    frontal bristle | somatic clone
    GW neuron
    interommatidial bristle | somatic clone
    larval anterior commissure
    larval dorsal multidendritic neuron | ectopic
    larval longitudinal connective
    larval neuroblast | somatic clone
    larval posterior commissure
    local interneuron of adult antennal lobe | somatic clone
    macrochaeta & mesothoracic tergum | somatic clone
    macrochaeta | somatic clone
    mechanosensory chaeta | adult stage | increased number, with Scer\GAL4sca-109-68
    mesothoracic tergum, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    multidendritic neuron
    multidendritic neuron | precursor
    neuron | embryonic stage
    pCC neuron
    peripheral nervous system
    peripheral nervous system precursor cluster
    peripheral nervous system precursor cluster & neuron | supernumerary
    presumptive embryonic/larval central nervous system
    presumptive embryonic/larval peripheral nervous system
    RP2 motor neuron
    RP2sib neuron
    scutellar bristle | ectopic, with Scer\GAL4ptc-559.1
    secondary neuroblast | somatic clone
    thecogen cell
    thecogen cell & peripheral nervous system
    tormogen cell, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    trichogen cell | increased number, with Scer\GAL4pnr-MD237
    U neuron
    Usib neuron
    vMP2 neuron
    wing, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
    wing margin, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
    wing vein, with Scer\GAL4nub-AC-62
    Orthologs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Orthologs
    Download All OrthoDB Orthologs
    Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Homo sapiens (Human) (0)
    No records found.
    Model Organism Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Mus musculus (laboratory mouse) (0)
    No records found.
    Rattus norvegicus (Norway rat) (0)
    No records found.
    Xenopus tropicalis (Western clawed frog) (0)
    No records found.
    Danio rerio (Zebrafish) (0)
    No records found.
    Caenorhabditis elegans (Nematode, roundworm) (0)
    No records found.
    Arabidopsis thaliana (thale-cress) (0)
    No records found.
    Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Brewer's yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Schizosaccharomyces pombe (Fission yeast) (0)
    No records found.
    Ortholog(s) in Drosophila Species (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG0919080J )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    AAA Syntenic Ortholog
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Drosophila simulans
    Dsim\GD27745
    Drosophila erecta
    Dere\GG26267
    Drosophila yakuba
    Dyak\GE10880
    Drosophila ananassae
    Dana\GF26827
    Drosophila pseudoobscura pseudoobscura
    Dpse\GA15944
    Drosophila persimilis
    Dper\GL13461
    Drosophila willistoni
    Dwil\GK27770
    Drosophila virilis
    Dvir\GJ24501
    Drosophila mojavensis
    Dmoj\GI24859
    Drosophila grimshawi
    Dgri\GH14100
    Orthologs in non-Drosophila Dipterans (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG091505QT )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Musca domestica
    House fly
    Mdoa\17015062
    Glossina morsitans
    Tsetse fly
    Gmor\GMOY000557
    Mayetiola destructor
    Hessian fly
    Mdes\Mdes011417
    Mayetiola destructor
    Hessian fly
    Mdes\Mdes002715
    Culex quinquefasciatus
    Southern house mosquito
    Cqui\CPIJ002901
    Orthologs in non-Dipteran Insects (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( EOG090W05OJ )
    Organism
    Common Name
    Gene
    Multiple Dmel Genes in this Orthologous Group
    Dendroctonus ponderosae
    Mountain pine beetle
    Dpod\YQE_00036
    Tribolium castaneum
    Red flour beetle
    Tcas\TC010201
    Pediculus humanus
    Human body louse
    Phum\PHUM065540
    Cimex lectularius
    Bed bug
    Clec\CLEC004072
    Acyrthosiphon pisum
    Pea aphid
    Apim\ACYPI45608
    Zootermopsis nevadensis
    Nevada dampwood termite
    Znev\Znev_07563
    Orthologs in non-Insect Arthropods (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Insect Arthropod orthologies identified
    Orthologs in non-Arthropod Metazoa (via OrthoDB v9.1) ( None identified )
    No non-Arthropod Metazoa orthologies identified
    Paralogs
    Downloads
    Download All DIOPT Paralogs
    Paralogs (via DIOPT v8.0)
    Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) (0)
    No records found.
    Human Disease Associations
    FlyBase Human Disease Model Reports
      Disease Model Summary Ribbon
      Disease Ontology (DO) Annotations
      Models Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Potential Models Based on Orthology ( 0 )
      Human Ortholog
      Disease
      Evidence
      References
      Modifiers Based on Experimental Evidence ( 0 )
      Allele
      Disease
      Interaction
      References
      Disease Associations of Human Orthologs (via DIOPT v8.0 and OMIM)
      Note that ortholog calls supported by only 1 or 2 algorithms (DIOPT score < 3) are not shown.
      Homo sapiens (Human)
      Gene name
      Score
      OMIM
      OMIM Phenotype
      DO term
      Complementation?
      Transgene?
      Functional Complementation Data
      Functional complementation data is computed by FlyBase using a combination of the orthology data obtained from DIOPT and OrthoDB and the allele-level genetic interaction data curated from the literature.
      Interactions
      Summary of Physical Interactions
      Summary of Genetic Interactions
      esyN Network Diagram
      esyN Network Key:
      Suppression
      Enhancement
      View in Interactions Browser
      Please look at the allele data for full details of the genetic interactions
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      spdo
      suppressible
      AP-1μ
      (Benhra et al., 2011)
      spdo
      suppressible
      Dl|neur
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      suppressible
      fng
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      suppressible
      fng|numb
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      suppressible
      N
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      suppressible
      N|numb
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      suppressible
      numb
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      spdo
      enhanceable
      Rbfox1
      (Shukla et al., 2017)
      spdo
      suppressible
      tmod
      (Dye et al., 1998)
      Starting gene(s)
      Interaction type
      Interacting gene(s)
      Reference
      AP-1μ
      suppressible
      spdo
      (Benhra et al., 2011)
      numb
      suppressible
      spdo
      (Song and Lu, 2012, Ouyang et al., 2011, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Lundell et al., 2003, Dye et al., 1998)
      numb
      enhanceable
      spdo
      (Babaoglan et al., 2009)
      Rbfox1
      enhanceable
      spdo
      (Shukla et al., 2017)
      strat
      enhanceable
      spdo
      (Bellec et al., 2018)
      External Data
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Pathways
      Signaling Pathways (FlyBase)
      Positive Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
      The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Positive regulators of the pathway enhance the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
      Negative Regulators of Notch Signaling Pathway -
      The Notch receptor signaling pathway is activated by the binding of the transmembrane receptor Notch (N) to transmembrane ligands, Dl or Ser, presented on adjacent cells. This results in the proteolytic cleavage of N, releasing the intracellular domain (NICD). NICD translocates into the nucleus, interacting with Su(H) and mam to form a transcription complex, which up-regulates transcription of Notch-responsive genes. Negative regulators of the pathway down-regulate the signal from the sending cell or the response in the receiving cell. (Adapted from FBrf0225731 and FBrf0192604).
      Metabolic Pathways
      External Data
      Linkouts
      Genomic Location and Detailed Mapping Data
      Chromosome (arm)
      3R
      Recombination map
      3-100
      Cytogenetic map
      99F6-99F6
      Sequence location
      FlyBase Computed Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Evidence for location
      99F6-99F6
      Limits computationally determined from genome sequence between P{PZ}ncd05884 and P{lacW}l(3)s2500s2500
      Experimentally Determined Cytological Location
      Cytogenetic map
      Notes
      References
      99F1-100B5
      (determined by in situ hybridisation)
      (Salzberg et al., 1994)
      Experimentally Determined Recombination Data
      Location

      3-100

      (FlyBase, 2016)

      3-98.4

      (Comeron et al., 2012)
      Left of (cM)
      Right of (cM)
      Notes
      Stocks and Reagents
      Stocks (7)
      Genomic Clones (14)
       

      Please Note FlyBase no longer curates genomic clone accessions so this list may not be complete

      cDNA Clones (6)
       

      Please Note This section lists cDNAs and ESTs that fall within the genomic extent of the gene model, which may include cDNAs and ESTs of genes within introns, or of overlapping genes. Please see GBrowse for alignment of the cDNAs and ESTs to the gene model.

      cDNA clones, fully sequenced
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center cDNA clones

      For each fully sequenced cDNA the DGRC maintains various forms of the cDNA (e.g tagged or untagged) in several different host vectors for subsequent cloning and expression in Drosophila and Drosophila cell lines.

      cDNA Clones, End Sequenced (ESTs)
      BDGP DGC clones
      Other clones
      RNAi and Array Information
      Linkouts
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      Antibody Information
      Laboratory Generated Antibodies
       

      polyclonal

      (Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
      Commercially Available Antibodies
       
      Other Information
      Relationship to Other Genes
      Source for database identify of
      Source for database merge of

      Source for merge of: spdo CG31020

      (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)

      Source for merge of: CG31020 BcDNA:RE23355

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Additional comments

      The "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the CG31020 annotation and not to "tmod" as previously reported in FBrf0102830; molecular lesions in the CG31020 annotation have been identified in 12 spdo alleles, RNAi against CG31020 results in a central nervous system (CNS) phenotype essentially identical to that of spdo mutants and expression of CG31020 throughout the CNS of spdo mutant embryos results in complete to near-complete rescue of the spdo CNS phenotype.

      (O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)

      FlyBase curator comment: FBrf0102830 states that the "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the "tmod, tropomodulin" gene. However, FBrf0162056 shows that this was an error and the spdo complementation group actually corresponds to the CG31020 annotation.

      (Dye et al., 1998)

      The "spdo" complementation group corresponds to the CG31020 annotation and not to the CG1539 annotation. It was reported in FBrf0102830 that "spdo" corresponds to the "tmod, tropomodulin" gene (the CG1539 annotation). However, this was subsequently shown to be an error. FBrf0162056 shows that the "spdo" complementation group corresponds instead to the CG31020 annotation.

      (FlyBase, 1996-)

      Source for merge of CG31020 BcDNA:RE23355 was a shared cDNA ( date:030728 ).

      (FlyBase, 1996-)
      Other Comments

      New annotation (CG31020) in release 3 of the genome annotation.

      (FlyBase Genome Annotators, 2002-2003)

      numb and spdo mediate the asymmetric divisions in the developing heart which result in the production of an odd-expressing pericardial cell and a cardioblast.

      (Ward and Skeath, 2000)

      Two EMS induced alleles have been identified in a screen for mutations affecting commissure formation in the CNS of the embryo.

      (Hummel et al., 1999)

      Mutations in spdo affect the asymmetric cell division of the embryonic PNS SOPIIb. Rather than a neuron and a glial cell, two neurons are produced. spdo is also required in several other PNS lineages. spdo is epistatic to numb.

      (Dye et al., 1998)

      spdo and N act in opposition to numb to distinguish sibling neuron fates in the CNS.

      (Skeath and Doe, 1998)

      The numb mutant phenotype is extremely sensitive to the dosage of spdo.

      (Skeath and Doe, 1998)

      sanpodo is Korean for mountain grape.

      (Lee et al., 1995)

      spdo is required to define glial versus neuronal cell identity.

      (Lee et al., 1995)

      Mutation in spdo affects the neuronal lineage, causes transformation of support cells into neurons.

      (Salzberg et al., 1994)

      "sanpodo" is Korean for mountain grapes.

      (Salzberg et al., 1994)

      spdo is required for PNS development in the embryo.

      (Salzberg et al., 1994)
      Origin and Etymology
      Discoverer
      Etymology
      Identification
      External Crossreferences and Linkouts ( 29 )
      Sequence Crossreferences
      NCBI Gene - Gene integrates information from a wide range of species. A record may include nomenclature, Reference Sequences (RefSeqs), maps, pathways, variations, phenotypes, and links to genome-, phenotype-, and locus-specific resources worldwide.
      GenBank Nucleotide - A collection of sequences from several sources, including GenBank, RefSeq, TPA, and PDB.
      GenBank Protein - A collection of sequences from several sources, including translations from annotated coding regions in GenBank, RefSeq and TPA, as well as records from SwissProt, PIR, PRF, and PDB.
      RefSeq - A comprehensive, integrated, non-redundant, well-annotated set of reference sequences including genomic, transcript, and protein.
      UniProt/TrEMBL - Automatically annotated and unreviewed records of protein sequence and functional information
      Other crossreferences
      Drosophila Genomics Resource Center - Drosophila Genomics Resource Center (DGRC) cDNA clones
      DRscDB - A single-cell RNA-seq resource for data mining and data comparison across species
      EMBL-EBI Single Cell Expression Atlas - Single cell expression across species
      Eukaryotic Promoter Database - A collection of databases of experimentally validated promoters for selected model organisms.
      FlyAtlas - Adult expression by tissue, using Affymetrix Dros2 array
      FlyAtlas2 - A Drosophila melanogaster expression atlas with RNA-Seq, miRNA-Seq and sex-specific data
      Flygut - An atlas of the Drosophila adult midgut
      FlyMine - An integrated database for Drosophila genomics
      GenomeRNAi - A database for cell-based and in vivo RNAi phenotypes and reagents
      iBeetle-Base - RNAi phenotypes in the red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum)
      KEGG Genes - Molecular building blocks of life in the genomic space.
      MARRVEL_MODEL - MARRVEL (model organism gene)
      modMine - A data warehouse for the modENCODE project
      SignaLink - A signaling pathway resource with multi-layered regulatory networks.
      Linkouts
      BioGRID - A database of protein and genetic interactions.
      DroID - A comprehensive database of gene and protein interactions.
      DRSC - Results frm RNAi screens
      Interactive Fly - A cyberspace guide to Drosophila development and metazoan evolution
      MIST (genetic) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      MIST (protein-protein) - An integrated Molecular Interaction Database
      Synonyms and Secondary IDs (7)
      Reported As
      Symbol Synonym
      0970/02
      (Deak et al., 1997)
      BcDNA:RE23355
      CG31020
      (Aerts et al., 2010, Keleman et al., 2009.8.5, Ni et al., 2008, Abrams et al., 2006, Bellen, 2005.1.25, Skeath, 2004, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003, FlyBase, 1996-)
      Spdo
      (Bahrampour and Thor, 2020, Bellec et al., 2018, Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Shukla et al., 2017, Schweisguth, 2015, Couturier et al., 2014, Ferrero et al., 2014, Zeng et al., 2013, Giagtzoglou et al., 2012, Moretti et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Perdigoto et al., 2011, Benhra et al., 2010, Reed et al., 2008)
      spdo
      (Medina-Yáñez et al., 2020, Li et al., 2018, Paul et al., 2018, Lacin et al., 2014, Zacharioudaki and Bray, 2014, Cotton et al., 2013, Couturier et al., 2013, Jauffred et al., 2013, Webber et al., 2013, Couturier et al., 2012, Haenfler et al., 2012, Japanese National Institute of Genetics, 2012.5.21, Ulvklo et al., 2012, Zacharioudaki et al., 2012, Benhra et al., 2011, Ouyang et al., 2011, Tio et al., 2011, Aerts et al., 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Monastirioti et al., 2010, Rouault et al., 2010, Wasbrough et al., 2010, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Babaoglan et al., 2008, Tran and Doe, 2008, Wheeler et al., 2008, Skeath, 2007.3.20, Wheeler and Crews, 2007, Garces and Thor, 2006, Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005, Jafar-Nejad et al., 2005, Karcavich and Doe, 2005, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
      Name Synonyms
      Sanpodo
      (Salazar and Yamamoto, 2018, Schweisguth, 2015, Loubéry et al., 2014, Zacharioudaki and Bray, 2014, Zeng et al., 2013, Moretti et al., 2012, Song and Lu, 2012, Benhra et al., 2011, Benhra et al., 2010, Tong et al., 2010, Coumailleau et al., 2009, Babaoglan et al., 2008, Natarajan and Skeath, 2008, Yamamoto et al., 2008, Roegiers et al., 2007, Polo and Di, 2006, Wang et al., 2006, Wheeler et al., 2006, Roegiers et al., 2005, Somers and Chia, 2005)
      sanpodo
      (Upadhyay et al., 2013, Meyer et al., 2011, Tio et al., 2011, Cohen et al., 2010, Losada-Pérez et al., 2010, Babaoglan et al., 2009, Lacin et al., 2009, Mummery-Widmer et al., 2009, Wheeler et al., 2008, Albrecht et al., 2006, Hutterer and Knoblich, 2005, Karcavich and Doe, 2005, Mok et al., 2005, Roegiers et al., 2005, O'Connor-Giles and Skeath, 2003)
      Secondary FlyBase IDs
      • FBgn0010731
      • FBgn0039785
      • FBgn0039786
      • FBgn0051020
      • FBgn0064900
      • FBgn0011716
      Datasets (0)
      Study focus (0)
      Experimental Role
      Project
      Project Type
      Title
      References (142)